scholarly journals The impact of stubble crop on spring barley weed infestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Wrzesińska ◽  
Anna Komorowska ◽  
Grażyna Nurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The condition and degree of weed infestation were determined in a spring barely crop grown in a short-term monoculture after mulching the soil with plants grown as a stubble crop (the control treatment without cover crop – lacy phacelia, white mustard, sunflower). The field experiment was carried out in 2010–2013 on good rye soil complex using a split-block design in four replications. The obtained results (the mean from all years of the experiment) showed that the stubble crop, especially sunflower, reduced the diversity of weed species without causing at the same time changes in weed species dominance. In all the control treatments of the experiment, <em>Chenopodium album</em> and <em>Fallopia convolvulus</em> were the dominant species. The degree of spring barley weed infestation depended on the species grown in the cover crop. White mustard and lacy phacelia slightly increased the number of weeds but their fresh matter significantly increased. However, the sunflower cover crop significantly increased the number of weeds without any substantial differentiation of their fresh mass.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) depending on the cover crop and weed control method

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Gawęda ◽  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Barley Crop

<p>The aim of this 3-year field study was to evaluate the effect of some stubble crops and weed control methods on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds in a spring barley crop grown in short-term monoculture. The study was conducted in the period 2009–2011 at the Uhrusk Experimental Farm, on mixed rendzina soil classified as very good rye soil complex. It included stubble crops which were ploughed under in each year (control treatment without cover crop, white mustard, lacy phacelia, a mixture of legumes – narrow-leaf lupin + field pea) and 3 weed control methods used in spring barley crops (mechanical, mechanical and chemical, chemical weed control). <em>Veronica persica </em>was the weed species that occurred in greatest numbers in the spring barley crop sown after stubble crops. All cover crops reduced the numbers of <em>Avena fatua </em>which was the dominant species in the control treatment. Chemical as well as chemical and mechanical weed control significantly reduced the numbers of <em>Avena fatua</em> compared to the treatment where only double harrowing was used for weed control. The stubble crops did not reduce weed infestation of spring barley. Compared to the control treatment, the ploughing-in of white mustard and the mixture of legumes reduced the dry weight of weeds by 49.1 and 22.7%, respectively. Mechanical weed management proved to be less effective in reducing the number and dry weight of weeds compared to the other weed control methods. A significant negative correlation was found between the dry weight of weeds in the spring barley crop and the dry weight of the ploughed-in white mustard cover crop under the conditions of chemical weed control as well as in the case of the mixture of legumes when complete mechanical and chemical weed control was used.</p>

scholarly journals The response of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) to the application of growth stimulators and forecrops

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski ◽  
Jolanta Juszczak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Weed Infestation

A field experiment in growing sweet basil was carried out in the period 2008-2010 in Fajsławice (Lublin region), on podzolic soil. The study evaluated the biometric traits of the plants, yield, the qualitative parameters of herbal raw material and weed infestation of the crop in dependence on growth simulators (Asahi SL, Bio-algeen, Titanit) and the forecrop (winter wheat or spring barley + white mustard cover crop). Plots without foliar application of the growth stimulators were the control treatment. Tillage, mineral NPK fertilization as well as mechanical and chemical weed control were typical for this plant species and consistent with the recommendations for herbal plant protection. A hypothesis was made that the application of growth stimulators would have a positive effect on basil productivity, raw material quality and weed infestation of the basil crop. It was also assumed that the phytosanitary and fertilizing effects of the cover crop would result in higher and qualitatively better yield compared to the cereal forecrop alone (winter wheat). The best quantitative parameters of sweet basil raw material and the highest reduction in air-dry weight of weeds in the crop were observed after the application of the growth stimulators. The forecrop - spring barley + a white mustard cover crop that is ploughed in - also had a beneficial effect on yield and weed infestation of the plant in question. The traditional crop protection method used in the basil crop, without the application of the growth stimulators, resulted in a lower plant height and a smaller number of shoots per plant. This caused higher weed infestation of the crop and a decrease in yield. The positive side of the non-application of growth stimulators was a better chemical composition of basil raw material. Asahi SL and Tytanit yielded the best growth and productivity of the basil plants.

scholarly journals The impact of no-tillage cultivation and white mustard as a cover crop on weed infestation and yield of carrot and red beet

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Borowy ◽  
Robert Gruszecki ◽  
Magdalena Kapłan
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

In a two-year field experiment, no-tillage cultivation using white mustard (<em>Sinapis alba</em> L. ‘Bardena’), 30 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, as a cover crop did not influence emergence of red beet (<em>Beta vulgaris</em> L. ‘Czerwona Kula REW’) and had a favorable effect on emergence of carrot (<em>Daucus carota</em> L. ‘Berlikumer 2 – Perfekcja REW’). However, further growth of both vegetables was significantly slower under no-tillage cultivation. Both vegetables produced a higher yield of roots and the diameter of these roots was bigger under conventional cultivation. The effect of cultivation method on the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in carrot and red beet leaves varied, while the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and total sugars was significantly higher in the roots of both vegetables harvested under no-tillage cultivation. The number of weeds growing on no-tilled plots covered with mustard mulch 4 weeks after seed sowing was lower by about 75%, but their fresh weight was higher more than 6 times in comparison to that under conventional cultivation. This was caused by the emergence of wintering and winter hardy weeds in places not covered by mustard plants in the autumn of the year preceding the cultivation of vegetables. Next year, they started to grow in the early spring and some of them produced a considerable amount of fresh weight and attained the flowering stage in the middle of April.

scholarly journals The effect of adjuvants and reduced rates of crop protection agents on weed infestation, health and lodging of spring barley (Hordeum sativum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski ◽  
Marian Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Surface Active

A field experiment in the cultivation of spring barley was carried out in the period 2007-2009 at the Experimental Farm in Czesławice (central Lublin region) on grey-brown podzolic soil derived from loess (soil quality class II). The study involved 3 rates of herbicides, growth retardant and fungicides (100%, 75%, 50%) as well as different adjuvant types (oil, surface- active, mineral adjuvant). Plots without any adjuvant were the control treatment. Conventional tillage was used, while mineral fertilization was adjusted to high initial soil nutrient availability. A hypothesis was made that the reduction of pesticide rates by 25-50%, with the simultaneous addition of adjuvants, would allow health, weed infestation and lodging of spring barley to be maintained at a level similar to that obtained under the conditions when maximum rates are applied without any adjuvant. It was also assumed that particular adjuvants could show different interactions with the tested groups of crop protection agents. It was proved that the application of full recommended rates of pesticides gave the best values of the indicators relating to weed infestation, health and lodging of spring barley. However, thanks to the addition of adjuvants to the spray solution, the application of pesticide doses reduced by 25% produced similar results. A higher reduction of pesticide rates (by 50%) had an adverse effect on the traits in question. In such case, there was noted higher weed infestation of the spring barley crop, compensation of some weed species, and increased stem-base infection by the fungal disease complex. On the other hand, less radical changes were observed in the case of spring barley lodging. The above-mentioned situation occurred in spite of the fact that the action of pesticides was aided by adjuvants. From the group of adjuvants under comparison, the oil adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC showed the best interaction with the crop protection agents under consideration.

scholarly journals Yield and yield structure of spring barley (Hodeum vulgare L.) grown in monoculture after different stubble crops

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Dorota Gawęda
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Yield Structure

A field experiment was conducted in the period 2006- 2008 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The experimental factor was the type of stubble crop ploughed in each year after harvest of spring barley: white mustard, lacy phacelia, winter rape, and a mixture of narrow-leaf lupin with field pea. In the experiment, successive spring barley crops were grown one after the other (in continuous monoculture). The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of stubble crops used on the size and structure of barley yield. The three-year study showed an increasing trend in grain yield of spring barley grown after the mixture of legumes, lacy phacelia, and white mustard compared to its size in the treatment with no cover crop. Straw yield was significantly higher when barley was grown after the mixture of narrowleaf lupin with field pea than in the other treatments of the experiment. The type of ploughed-in stubble crop did not modify significantly plant height, ear length, and grain weight per ear. Growing the mixture of leguminous plants as a cover crop resulted in a significant increase in the density of ears per unit area in barley by an average of 14.7% relative to the treatment with winter rape. The experiment also showed the beneficial effect of the winter rape cover crop on 1000-grain weight of spring barley compared to that obtained in the treatments with white mustard and the mixture of legumes. All the cover crops caused an increase in the number of grains per ear of barley relative to that found in the control treatment. However, this increase was statistically proven only for the barley crops grown after lacy phacelia and the mixture of legumes.

scholarly journals Weed Suppressive Ability of Cover Crop Mixtures Compared to Repeated Stubble Tillage and Glyphosate Treatments

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schappert ◽  
Miriam Messelhäuser ◽  
Marcus Saile ◽  
Gerassimos Peteinatos ◽  
Roland Gerhards
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Weed Infestation

The utilization of an effective stubble management practice can reduce weed infestation before and in the following main crop. Different strategies can be used, incorporating mechanical, biological, and chemical measures. This study aims at estimating the effects of cover crop (CC) mixtures, various stubble tillage methods, and glyphosate treatments on black-grass, volunteer wheat and total weed infestation. Two experimental trials were conducted in Southwestern Germany including seven weed management treatments: flat soil tillage, deep soil tillage, ploughing, single glyphosate application, dual glyphosate application, and a CC mixture sown in a mulch-till and no-till system. An untreated control treatment without any processing was also included. Weed species were identified and counted once per month from October until December. The CC mixtures achieved a black-grass control efficacy of up to 100%, whereas stubble tillage and the single glyphosate treatment did not reduce the black-grass population, on the contrary it induced an increase of black-grass plants. The dual glyphosate application showed, similar to the CC treatments, best results for total weed and volunteer wheat reduction. The results demonstrated, that well developed CCs have a great ability for weed control and highlight that soil conservation systems do not have to rely on chemical weed control practices.

scholarly journals Changes in weed infestation of spring barley depending on variable pluvio-thermal conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
Roman Krawczyk ◽  
Roman Kierzek ◽  
Kazimierz Adamczewski
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Weed Infestation

<p>The aim of the study was to analyze segetal weeds present in spring barley against the background of changes in pluvio-thermal conditions observed over the last 20 years (1993–2012) at the Field Experimental Station of the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute in Winna Góra, Poland. Based on the mean value of the Sielianinov hydrothermal coefficient for the three months of spring vegetation, i.e., April, May, and June, three classes of pluvio-thermal conditions (very dry, moderately dry, humid) were distinguished. The phytosociological stability of weed species analyzed during the study period was assessed and the Shannon–Wiener index of species diversity in the communities and the Simpson dominance index were calculated for segetal weeds present in spring barley.</p><p>In the 20-year period analyzed, <em>Chenopodium album</em> and <em>Viola arvensis</em> exhibited the highest phytosociological stability and the highest abundance in the spring barley crop. Over the years analyzed, the dry spring vegetation periods were characterized by significant precipitation deficiency between late April and mid-June. In the years with favorable meteorological conditions, the weed species diversity measured by the Shannon–Wiener diversity index was higher than in the years with precipitation deficiency. In the very dry years, the species dominance index in the spring vegetation period was higher than in the wet years. The yield loss caused by weed infestation in the very dry years was higher by 6% as compared to moderately dry and wet years.</p>

scholarly journals The impact of different soil tillage on weed infestation of spring barley in conditions of dryer climatic areas Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The impact of soil tillage on weeds in spring barley was observed on the field trial. The field trial was established in very warm and dry climatic region (experimental field station in Žabčice, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Czech Republic). In the experiment there was used 7-strip crop rotation and three variants of soil tillage: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), when soil is shallow loosened and no tillage (NT) what means direct sowing without any soil tillage. The weed infestation was evaluated by counting method before herbicide application. Analysis of va­rian­ce (ANOVA) and then LSD methods, DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) and CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) were used for evaluation of results. The obtained results showed, that different soil tillage did not statistically influenced weed infestation in spring barley. The number of weed species depended on the depth of soil tillage, the variant of minimum tillage had lower number of weed species. These species were more common on the variant of conventional tillage: Chenopodium album, Silene noctiflora, Sinapis arvensis, Veronica polita. The variant of minimum tillage was more suitable for these species: Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Amaranthus sp., Galium aparine. On the variant of direct so­wing there appeared mainly these species: Sonchus oleraceus, Lactuca serriola, Tripleurospermum inodorum.

scholarly journals The effect of three soil tillage treatments on weed infestation in forage maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Chovancova ◽  
Lubomir Neudert ◽  
Jan Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

This study assessed the impact of using soil tillage in maize crops on weed infestation intensity and weed species composition. A field experiment was established as a model example of livestock production management in drier climate conditions where maize was grown in seven-step crop rotation sequence: alfalfa – the first year, alfalfa – the second year, winter wheat, forage maize, winter wheat, sugar beet, and spring barley. Three soil tillage treatments were applied: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT). An arithmetic method and multivariate analyses of ecological data were used. The highest weed infestation, mainly due to late spring species, was recorded in MT. Perennial and overwintering species were frequently observed in NT. Early spring weed species were abundant in CT. Different tillage treatments cause a significant change in the weed species spectrum in maize. A study of the relationship between tillage and the level of weed infestation requires long-term monitoring which will allow us to predict the intensity of weed infestation in particular locations.

scholarly journals Floristic composition and growth of weeds under custard apple (Annona squamosa) progenies

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
Z. Barbosa ◽  
O.F. Oliveira ◽  
R.P. Antonio ◽  
P.I.B. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Root Collar

Weeds have a negative influence on several fruit tree characteristics, such as yield, making it difficult to management practices in orchards. Alternative weed management methods, aiming to reduce the use of herbicides, have become attractive since herbicides are costly and cause environmental degradation. The use of cultivars with greater competitive ability against weeds has attracted international attention. The objective of this work was to evaluate the floristic composition and growth of weeds under the canopies of irrigated custard apple tree progenies. Twenty halfsibling progenies around three years of age were evaluated in a random block design with five replicates and four plants per plot. A circle with a 0.5 m² area was established around the trunk of each plant. Floristic composition, fresh matter, and dry matter mass of the above-ground part of the weeds, were evaluated in this area. Root collar and canopy diameters, as well as leaf area of the progenies were also evaluated. Fifty-eight weed species were recorded. The five weed families with the most species were Leguminosae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae, in decreasing order. The number of weed species per plot ranged from 6 to 18, but there was no difference between the mean percentages of different weeds under the canopies of the progenies. The lowest weed fresh and dry matter masses occurred in progenies JG1 and SM8, respectively. There were no differences between progenies with regard to root collar diameter and leaf area; however, one of the lowest weed dry matter yields was observed under the canopy of progeny FE4, which showed the largest canopy diameter.

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