Structure of the extrafloral nectaries of Vicia (L.) Fabaceae

Extrafloral nectaries on the abaxial surface of stipules were investigated in the Vicia angustifolia, Vicia sativa, Vicia sepium and Vicia grandiflora. In V. angustifolia nectaries were also located on the calyx surface. Nectaries were consisted of secretory hairs and 2-31ayers of subepidermal cells. Secretory hair was built of four cells of head, one stalk cell and basal cell. Head cells showed character of transfer cells because of walls ingrowths and dense cytoplasm with numerous mitochondria.

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Extrafloral nectaries in the tropical tree Guarea macrophylla (Meliaceae)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b94-021 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 157-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

L. P. C. Morellato ◽

P. S. Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

First Record ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Extrafloral Nectaries ◽

Tropical Tree ◽

Extrafloral Nectar ◽

Taxonomic Character ◽

Abaxial Surface

This paper describes the anatomy and morphology of the complex nectary systems of the tropical tree Guarea macrophylla Vahl (Meliaceae) and presents the first record of extrafloral nectaries occurring on reproductive organs (fruits) of a member of the order Sapindales. The extrafloral nectaries of G. macrophylla occur on petioles, petiolules, the abaxial surface of all leaflets, leaf buds, and over the surface of fruits. All extrafloral nectaries are distinctly raised above the surface. Foraging ants collect extrafloral nectar on Guarea trees both day and night. We suggest that the presence of extrafloral nectaries might be a useful taxonomic character for the identification of Guarea species. Key words: Guarea, Meliaceae, extrafloral nectaries, ants.

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Ultrastructure of organic acid secreting trichomes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b89-344 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (9) ◽

pp. 2669-2677 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mark D. Lazzaro ◽

William W. Thomson

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Granular Material ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Cicer Arietinum ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Dense Cytoplasm ◽

Acid Secreting ◽

Organic Acid Secretion

The acid-secreting trichomes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) were composed of 18 cells, including 1 basal cell, 3 elongate stalk cells, and 14 head cells. A subcuticular secretion chamber with cuticular pores was present above the head cells at the trichome tip. The basal and stalk cells had large central vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and small vacuoles. In the stalk cells, these small vacuoles were aligned along microtubles extending from the bottom to the top of the cells. Head cells had more dense cytoplasm than stalk cells and also had numerous mitochondria and small vacuoles. A labyrinth of tubules and vesicles at the edges of the head cells contained granular material similar to that observed in the extraplasmic space of the head cell and in the secretion chamber. In older head cells, the tubules were thinner and lacked granular material, the cells contained sequestering membranes and vacuoles, and calcium oxalate crystals were observed in the extraplasmic space. Plasmodesmata were not observed between the basal cell and the surrounding mesophyll cells, although numerous plasmodesmata with associated desmotubules and endoplasmic reticulum connected the trichome cells. Chloroplasts were not observed in the head or stalk cells, whereas the basal cell had small chloroplasts with reduced thylakoid networks and the mesophyll cells had large chloroplasts with well-developed thylakoids that may provide the fixed carbon for organic-acid secretion.

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Occurrence and structure of extrafloral nectariesin Pterodon pubescens Benth. and Pterodon polygalaeflorus Benth.

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2001000200002 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 219-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Élder Antônio Sousa e Paiva ◽

Helena Castanheira de Morais ◽

Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias ◽

Dulce Maria Sucena da Rocha ◽

Paulo Eugênio Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Extrafloral Nectaries ◽

Comparative Data ◽

Basic Difference ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Apical Portion ◽

Dense Cytoplasm ◽

Parenchyma Cells ◽

Secretory Tissue

Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are structurally variable and widely spread among the angiosperms. The occurrence of EFNs in leaves of Pterodon polygalaeflorus Benth. and Pterodon pubescens Benth. (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae) were detected in adult specimens, at the time of production of new buds and flowers. The goals of the present study are to register the occurrence of the EFNs in P. pubescens and P. polygalaeflorus, and provide comparative data on the anatomical structures. The EFNs occur in the rachis and are located under the insertion of each petiolule. Each nectary consists of a small elevation whose apical portion is deeply invaginated, resulting in a depression (secretory pole), a common characteristic of both species. Unicellular, nonglandular trichomes occur along the rachis, being less numerous in P. polygalaeflorus while in P. pubescens they cover the EFNs. The secretory tissue consists of parenchyma cells with dense cytoplasm compactly arranged. The nectar reaches the surface of the EFNs by rupturing the thin cuticle which covers the secretory pole, since both species lack stomata or any other interruption at the epidermis. The basic difference between the two species, in relation to the EFNs, is the density of the pubescence, which is always greater in P. pubescens. Structural and dimensional modifications may be observed, even between basal and apical nectaries in the same rachis, so it does not constitute a taxonomical tool.

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Changes in transfer cell distribution in the ovule of soybean after fertilization

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b86-130 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 965-972 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. W. Folsom ◽

D. D. Cass

Keyword(s):

Basal Cell ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Embryo Sac ◽

Transfer Cells ◽

Developmental Study ◽

Cell Distribution ◽

Metabolite Transport ◽

Young Embryo ◽

Nutritional Environment ◽

Suspensor Cells

The presence of transfer cells in various regions of the postfertilization ovule of soybean is described. A developmental study shows that transfer cells, occurring in the micropylar nucellus, are formed after fertilization but destroyed by expansion of the embryo sac during transition from the zygote to the two-celled embryo. Subsequently wall ingrowths appear in five additional sites: (i) in the region where the embryonic basal cell wall is associated with the degenerated synergid, projecting into the basal cell; (ii) on the chalazal embryo sac wall projecting into the central cell; (iii) on the embryo sac wall projecting into the basal cell; (iv) on common walls of micropylar suspensor cells; and (v) on some cell walls at the micropylar end of the inner integuments. It is our opinion that these transfer cells are all involved in augmenting metabolite transport and that their orderly appearance in different areas of the ovule signifies changes in the nutritional environment of the young embryo and endosperm of soybean. Because these transfer cells are closely associated with the embryo sac wall, it is proposed that this wall is a common apoplast functioning as both a sink for metabolites from the nucellus and source for all solutes taken up by the cells of the embryo sac.

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Glandular Trichomes and Essential Oil ofThymus quinquecostatus

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2013/387952 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ping Jia ◽

Hanzhu Liu ◽

Ting Gao ◽

Hua Xin

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Growth Period ◽

Stalk Cell ◽

Outer Side ◽

Capitate Trichomes ◽

Peltate Trichomes ◽

Subcuticular Space ◽

Stem Leaf

The distribution and types of glandular trichomes and essential oil chemistry ofThymus quinquecostatuswere studied. The glandular trichomes are distributed on the surface of stem, leaf, rachis, calyx and corolla, except petiole, pistil and stamen. Three morphologically distinct types of glandular trichomes are described. Peltate trichomes, consisting of a basal cell, a stalk cell and a 12-celled head, are distributed on the stem, leaf, corolla and outer side of calyx. Capitate trichomes, consisting of a unicellular base, a 1–2-celled stalk and a unicellular head, are distributed more diffusely than peltate ones, existing on stem, leaf, rachis and calyx. Digitiform trichomes are just distributed on the outer side of corolla, consisting of 1 basal cell, 3 stalk cells and 1 head cell. All three types of glandular trichomes can secrete essential oil, and in small capitate trichomes of rachis, all peltate trichomes and digitiform trichomes, essential oil is stored in a large subcuticular space, released by cuticle rupture, whereas, in other capitate trichomes, essential oil crosses the thin cuticle. The essential oil ofT. quinquecostatusis yellow, and its content is highest in the growth period. 68 constituents were identified in the essential oils. The main constituent is linalool.

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Five new species of Mansoa DC. (Bignoniaceae) from South America

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.258.1.3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 258 (1) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Milene Maria Silva-Castro ◽

Luciano Paganuccii Queiroz

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

South America ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Extrafloral Nectaries ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Dry Forests ◽

Seasonally Dry ◽

Corolla Length

Mansoa (Bignoniaceae: Bignonieae) is a Neotropical genus of lianas distributed through Wet and Seasonally Dry Forests. The genus is characterized by striated bark, extrafloral nectaries on the abaxial surface of leaflets, trifid tendrils, and garlic odor. During a taxonomic revision of the genus, five new species were discovered in South America, increasing to 16 the number of recognized species in Mansoa. Four of these taxa, Mansoa ivanii, Mansoa longicalyx, Mansoa minensis and Mansoa paganuccii, are restricted to eastern portions of Brazil, while Mansoa gentryi is found in Peruvian rainforests. Mansoa ivanii, M. longicalyx, and M. minensis share pubescent branches and leaflets with Mansoa hirsuta, but differ by the corolla length and calyx morphology. Mansoa paganuccii shares ovate to elliptic leaflets and a lack of garlic odor with Mansoa difficilis and Mansoa angustidens, but differs by the serrate leaflets and mucronate calyx. Mansoa gentryi shares chartaceous and elliptic leaflets with Mansoa alliacea, but differs by the pinnate venation and ribbed capsules.

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Prevalence of the pit and antipit in the genus Glycine

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100129218 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 986-987

Author(s):

R. W. Yaklich ◽

E. L. Vigil ◽

W. P. Wergin

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Cell Types ◽

Abaxial Surface ◽

Legume Seed ◽

Initial Report ◽

Cone Cells ◽

Glycine Max L

The legume seed coat is the site of sucrose unloading and the metabolism of imported ureides and synthesis of amino acids for the developing embryo. The cell types directly responsible for these functions in the seed coat are not known. We recently described a convex layer of tissue on the inside surface of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seed coat that was termed “antipit” because it was in direct opposition to the concave pit on the abaxial surface of the cotyledon. Cone cells of the antipit contained numerous hypertrophied Golgi apparatus and laminated rough endoplasmic reticulum common to actively secreting cells. The initial report by Dzikowski (1936) described the morphology of the pit and antipit in G. max and found these structures in only 68 of the 169 seed accessions examined.

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Ineffective Thrombopoiesis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100158881 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 266-267

Author(s):

JM Radley ◽

SL Ellis

Keyword(s):

Microscopic Examination ◽

Phosphate Buffer ◽

Primary Myelofibrosis ◽

Transient Increase ◽

Major Difficulty ◽

Adult Mice ◽

Dense Cytoplasm

In effective thrombopoies is has been inferred to occur in several disease sates from considerations of megakaryocyte mass and platelet kinetics. Microscopic examination has demonstrated increased numbers of megakaryocytes, with a typical forms particularly pronounced, in primary myelofibrosis. It has not been documented if megakaryocyte ever fail to reach maturity in non-pathological situations. A major difficulty of establishing this is that the number of megakaryocytes normally present in the marrow is extremely low. A large transient increase in megakaryocytopoiesis can how ever be induced in mice by an injection of 5-fluorouracil. We have utilised this treatment and report here evidence for in effective thrombopoies is in healthy mice.Adult mice were perfused (2% glutaraldehyde in 0.08M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) 8 days following an injection of 5-fluorouracil (150mg/kg). Femurs were subsequently decalcified in 10% neutral E.D.T.A. and embedded in Spurrs resin. Transverse sections of marrow revealed many megakaryocytes at various stages of maturity. Occasional megakaryocytes (less than 1%) were found to be under going degeneration prior to achieving full maturation and releasing cytoplasm as platelets. These cells were characterized by a peripheral rim of dense cytoplasm which enveloped a mass of organelles and vacuoles (Fig. 1). Numerous microtubules were foundaround and with in the organelle-rich zone (Fig 2).

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Ultrastructure of Mouse Basal Cell Carcinoma Exhibiting Sebaceous Differentiation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s1431927600003214 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 738-739

Author(s):

Victoria L. Wade ◽

Winslow G. Sheldon ◽

James W. Townsend ◽

William Allaben

Keyword(s):

Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Topical Application ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Sebaceous Gland ◽

Rats And Mice ◽

Mixed Tumors

Sebaceous gland tumors and other tumors exhibiting sebaceous differentiation have been described in humans (1,2,3). Tumors of the sebaceous gland can be induced in rats and mice following topical application of carcinogens (4), but spontaneous mixed tumors of basal cell origin rarely occur in mice.

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