scholarly journals Differential antifungal activity of alfalfa (Medicago santva L.) saponins originated from roots and aerial parts for some ornamental plant pathogens

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Saniewska ◽  
Marian Jurzysta ◽  
Zbigniew Biały
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Necrotic Spots

The total saponins isolated from aerial parts and roots of alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) at the concentration of 0,01%, 0,05% and 0,1% showed differential influence on the mycelium growth of <i>Alternaria zinniae, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis tulipae, Phoma narcissi, Phoma poolensis</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>. A higher inhibitory effect on in vitro growth of mycelium of all tested pathogens indicated saponins from roots of alfalfa than from aerial parts. Tested saponins from roots at lhe concentration of 0,1% totally inhibited linear growth of Phoma narcissi, and linear growth of <i>Alternaria zinniae</i> was limited about 67%, Botrytis cinerea about 74%, Botrytis tulipae about 68%, Phoma poolensis about 38%, and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> about 74% in comparison to the control. The saponins of alfalfa from roots at the concentration of 0,1% and 0,2% applied as preinoculation sprays evidently inhibited the development of <i>Phoma narcissi</i> on <i>Hippeastrum</i> leaves. This dose of aerial saponins of alfalfa did not effect the development of necrotic spots on the leaves.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of saponins originated from Medicago hybrida against some ornamental plant pathogens

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Saniewska ◽  
Anna Jarecka ◽  
Zbigniew Biały ◽  
Marian Jurzysta
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Medicagenic Acid ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

Antifungal activity of total saponins originated from roots of <i>Medicago hybrida</i> (Pourret) Trautv. were evaluated <i>in vitro</i> against six pathogenic fungi and eight individual major saponin glycosides were tested against one of the most susceptible fungi. The total saponins showed fungitoxic effect at all investigated concentrations (0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%) but their potency was different for individual fungi. The highest saponin concentration (0.1%) was the most effective and the inhibition of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>callistephi</i>, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Botrytis tulipae</i>, <i>Phoma narcissi</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>narcissi</i> was 84.4%, 69.9%, 68.6%, 57.2%, 55.0%, respectively. While <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> Schlecht., a pathogen of <i>Muscari armeniacum</i>, was inhibited by 9.5% only. Eight major saponin glycosides isolated from the total saponins of <i>M. hybrida</i> roots were tested against the mycelium growth of <i>Botrytis tulipae</i>. The mycelium growth of the pathogen was greatly inhibited by hederagenin 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside and medicagenic acid 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside. Medicagenic acid 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside and oleanolic acid 3-O-[<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)-<i>α</i>-L-galactopyranosyl]-28-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside showed low fungitoxic activity. Medicagenic acid 3-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl- 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, hederagenin 3-O-[α-L- hamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]- 28-O-α-D-glucopyranoside and hederagenin 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-<i>β</i>-D- lucopyranoside did not limit or only slightly inhibited growth of the tested pathogen. While 2<i>β</i>, 3<i>β</i>-dihydroxyolean-12 ene-23-al-28-oic acid 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside slightly stimulated mycelium growth of <i>B. tulipae</i>.

scholarly journals Ethylene Sensing and Gene Activation in Botrytis cinerea: A Missing Link in Ethylene Regulation of Fungus-Plant Interactions?

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Chagué ◽  
Levanoni-Visel Danit ◽  
Verena Siewers ◽  
Christian Schulze Gronover ◽  
Paul Tudzynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Mold Fungus ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Fungal Genes ◽  
Fungal Gene

Ethylene production by infected plants is an early resistance response leading to activation of plant defense pathways. However, plant pathogens also are capable of producing ethylene, and ethylene might have an effect not only on the plant but on the pathogen as well. Therefore, ethylene may play a dual role in fungus—plant interactions by affecting the plant as well as the pathogen. To address this question, we studied the effects of ethylene on the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea and the disease it causes on Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Exposure of B. cinerea to ethylene inhibited mycelium growth in vitro and caused transcriptional changes in a large number of fungal genes. A screen of fungal signaling mutants revealed a Gα null mutant (Δbcg1) which was ethylene insensitive, overproduced ethylene in vitro, and showed considerable transcriptional changes in response to ethylene compared with the wild type. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)-treated, ethylene-nonproducing N. benthamiana plants developed much larger necroses than ethylene-producing plants, whereas addition of ethylene to AVG-treated leaves restricted disease spreading. Ethylene also affected fungal gene expression in planta. Expression of a putative pathogenicity fungal gene, bcspl1, was enhanced 24 h after inoculation in ethylene-producing plants but only 48 h after inoculation in ethylene-nonproducing plants. Our results show that the responses of B. cinerea to ethylene are partly mediated by a G protein signaling pathway, and that ethylene-induced plant resistance might involve effects of plant ethylene on both the plant and the fungus.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of Xenorhabdusnematophila TB on plant pathogens Phytophthora capsici and Botrytis cinerea in vitro and in planta

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangling Fang ◽  
Manrang Zhang ◽  
Qian Tang ◽  
Yonghong Wang ◽  
Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Planta

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential of the Terrestrial Cyanobacterium Anabaena minutissima for Controlling Botrytis cinerea on Tomato Fruits

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Hillary Righini ◽  
Ornella Francioso ◽  
Michele Di Foggia ◽  
Antera Martel Quintana ◽  
Roberta Roberti
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Raman

Cyanobacteria are oxygenic phototrophs that have an essential role in soil N2 fixation, fertility, and water retention. Cyanobacteria are also natural sources of bioactive metabolites beneficial to improve plant vigor and potentially active against fungal plant pathogens. Therefore, we studied the antifungal activity of water extract (WE) and phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from Anabaena minutissima strain BEA 0300B against the fungal plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea on tomato fruits and in vitro. The water extract and PBPs were characterized by using FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopies. Both water extract (5 mg/mL) and PBPs (ranged from 0.3 to 4.8 mg/mL) reduced disease incidence and disease severity on tomato fruits and mycelium growth and colony forming units in vitro. For mycelium growth, a linear PBP dose-response was found. Tomato fruits were also characterized by FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopies in order to evaluate structural modifications induced by pathogen and PBP treatment. PBPs preserved cutin and pectin structures by pathogen challenge. In conclusion, A. minutissima can be considered a potential tool for future large-scale experiments for plant disease control.

scholarly journals Effect of Fungal Metabolites and Amendments on Mycelial Growth of Rhizoctonia Solani

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Castor Cake

Effect of Fungal Metabolites and Amendments on Mycelial Growth ofRhizoctonia SolaniA shift towards organic farming suggests amalgamation of organic resources against soil borne plant pathogens. The influence of metabolites of most ubiquitousAspergillusspp., organic amendment extracts and their combined effect withTrichoderma virenswere evaluatedin vitroagainstRhizoctonia solani.The minimum (36.1 mm) growth was attained byR. solaniin co-culture withA. niger.The maximum (42.3 mm) inhibition of mycelial growth of the test organism was observed with culture filtrate ofA. ochraceousfollowed byA. niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavusandA. terreus.Among organic amendment extractants, castor cake exhibited an additive effect on the growth ofT. virens, however, the maximum (41.8 mm) suppressive effect onR. solaniwas observed with vermicompost. With the advance in time, the effect of organic amendment extracts increased markedly. Inhibition potential of culture filtrate mixturte ofA. niger+T. virensandA. ochraceous+T. virensagainstR. solaniwas significantly higher in comparison to the other combinations.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antifungal Effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. and Myrtus communis L. Plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melih YILAR ◽  
Yusuf BAYAN ◽  
Abdurrahman ONARAN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Agnus Castus ◽  
Petri Dishes

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of essential plant oils from Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) and Myrtus communis L. against the plant pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Sacc.) W.C. Synder & H.N. Hans, Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and Verticillium dahliae Kleb., and to determine the chemical composition of the compounds in these essential oils. GC/MS analysis was identified 25 different compounds in VAC essential oil, while the main compounds were determined as Eucalyptol (17.75%), β-Caryophyllene (13.21%) and Spathulenol (10.41%). On the other hand, the essential oil of M. communis, consisted of 16 different compounds which were Eucalyptol (49.15%), Myrtenol (19.49%) and α-Pinene (8.38%) being its main compounds. An assessment of antifungal activity was performed under in vitro conditions. Plant pathogens were inoculated onto Petri dishes (60 mm) containing PDA medium (10 mL/Petri-1), and plant essential oils were applied at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 5 and 10 (μL/Petri-1) into the 5 mm diameter wells opened on the Petri dish surface. After that, the Petri dishes incubated at 22±2 °C. The results of this study, the essential oil of M. communis, at a dose of 10 μL/ Petri, inhibited the 100% mycelium growth of V. dahliae, S. sclerotiorum and R. solani. The highest dose of VAC essential oil was also 100% inhibited V. dahliae and S. sclerotiorum. The LC50 and LC90 values of M. communis and VAC essential oil calculated for V. dahliae, FORL, S. sclerotiorum and R. solani. This plant extracts were shown by in vitro conditions to be potential antifungal agents.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation for the Inhibitory Action of O. basilicum Methanol Extract on α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Siba Shanak ◽  
Najlaa Bassalat ◽  
Raghad Albzoor ◽  
Sleman Kadan ◽  
Hilal Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Major Health ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Health Complications

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that predominates, nowadays. It causes hyperglycemia and consequently major health complications. Type II diabetes is the most common form and is a result of insulin resistance in the target tissues. To treat this disease, several mechanisms have been proposed. The most direct route is via inhibiting the intestinal enzymes, e.g., α-glucosidase and α-amylase, responsible for intestinal polysaccharide digestion that therefore would reduce the absorption of monosugars through the intestinal walls. In this study, we shed the light on this route by testing the inhibitory effect of Ocimum basilicum extract on the enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase in vitro and in silico. Experimental procedures were performed to test the effect of the O. basilicum methanol extract from aerial parts followed by the in silico docking. 500 μg/mL of the extract led to 70.2% ± 8.6 and 25.4% ± 3.3 inhibition on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity, respectively. Similarly, the effect of caffeic acid, a major extract ingredient, was also tested, and it caused 42.7% ± 3.0 and 47.1% ± 4.0 inhibition for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Docking experiments were performed to predict the phytochemicals responsible for this robust inhibitory activity in the O. basilicum extracts. Several compounds have shown variable levels of inhibition, e.g., caffeic acid, pyroglutamic acid, and uvasol. The results indicated that O. basilicum can be a potent antidiabetic drug.

scholarly journals A Novel Rhizospheric Bacterium, Bacillus Velezensis NKMV-3 as a Biocontrol Agent against Alternaria Leaf Blight in Tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vignesh Murthy ◽  
VedhaHari BodethalaNarayanan ◽  
MubarakAli Davoodbasha ◽  
MadhanShankar ShankarRamakrishanan
Keyword(s):  
Early Blight ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Molecular Sequencing

Abstract A novel strain of Bacillus isolated from rhizosphere has shown to be excellent biocontrol agents against various plant pathogens. In this study, a first report of a Bacillus strain NKMV-3 which effectively controlling Alternaria solani, which cause the Early Blight disease in tomato. Based on the cultural and molecular sequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequence, the identity of the strain was confirmed as Bacillus velezensis NKMV-3. The presence of the lipopeptide which are antibiotic synthesis genes namely Iturin C, Surfactin A, Fengycin B and D were confirmed through gene amplification. In addition, lipopetides was also confirmed through liquid chromatography. The extract showed inhibitory effect against A.solani in-vitro and detached tomato leaf assays. Bacillus velezensis strain NKMV-3 based formulations may provide an effective solution in controlling early blight disease in tomato and other crops.

scholarly journals Effects of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9626
Author(s):  
Huiyu Hou ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Te Zhao ◽  
Lin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Main Components

Background Botrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in many plants. This pathogen has developed resistance to many fungicides. Thus, it has become necessary to look for new safe yet effective compounds against B. cinerea. Methods Essential oils (EOs) from 17 plant species were assayed against B. cinerea, of which Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) showed strong antifungal activity, and accordingly its main components were detected by GC/MS. Further study was conducted on the effects of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol in vitro on mycelium growth and spore germination, mycelium morphology, leakages of cytoplasmic contents, mitochondrial injury and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of B. cinerea. The control efficacies of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol on tomato gray mold were evaluated in vivo. Results Of all the 17 plant EOs tested, Cinnamomum cassia, Litsea cubeba var. formosana and O. vulgare EOs had the best inhibitory effect on B. cinerea, with 0.5 mg/mL completely inhibiting the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Twenty-one different compounds of OVEO were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the main chemical components were carvacrol (89.98%), β-caryophyllene (3.34%), thymol (2.39%), α-humulene (1.38%) and 1-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbenzene isopropyl benzene (1.36%). In vitro experiment showed EC50 values of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol were 140.04, 9.09 and 21.32 μg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited the spore germination of B. cinerea at the concentration of 300 μg/mL while the inhibition rate of OVEO was 80.03%. EC50 of carvacrol and thymol have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the fresh and dry weight of mycelia. The collapse and damage on B. cinerea mycelia treated with 40 μg/mL of carvacrol and thymol was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through extracellular conductivity test and fluorescence microscope observation, it was found that carvacrol and thymol led to increase the permeability of target cells, the destruction of mitochondrial membrane and ROS accumulation. In vivo conditions, 1000 μg/mL carvacrol had the best protective and therapeutic effects on tomato gray mold (77.98% and 28.04%, respectively), and the protective effect was significantly higher than that of 400 μg/mL pyrimethanil (43.15%). While the therapeutic and protective effects of 1,000 μg/mL OVEO and thymol were comparable to chemical control. Conclusions OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea.

Tetrandrine, a potent antifungal agent: inhibits mycelial growth and virulence of Botrytis cinerea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingliang Li ◽  
jian zou ◽  
Yanhan Dong ◽  
jintao Jiang ◽  
Wenxing Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Grey Mold

Tetrandrine (TET) is a potent calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of hypertension and inflammation. Currently, TET is predominantly used to treat a variety of human diseases, and there is little information regarding the use of TET against plant pathogens. In this study, we explored the antifungal activity of TET on a plant pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. We show that administration of low concentrations of TET effectively inhibited hyphal growth of fungus grown on potato dextrose agarose, and decreased the virulence of B. cinerea in tomato plants. Real-time PCR revealed that the expression of drug efflux pump related genes (alcohol dehydrogenase 1, multi-drug/pheromone exporter, pleiotropic drug resistance protein 1, and synaptic vesicle transporter) were down-regulated in the presence of TET. Finally, we show that TET acts synergistically with iprodione, resulting in increased inhibition of B. cinerea both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that TET might act as an effective antifungal agent in reducing grey mold disease.

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