scholarly journals The comparative analysis of anatomical traits of four largefruited hazelnut cultivars showing different susceptibility to filbert aphid (Myzocallis coryli Goetze) feeding

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Magdalena Gantner ◽  
Jadwiga Kostrzewska-Kuczumow
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Main Vein ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Made In

Investigations related to morphological and anatomical traits of leaves of four largefruited hazelnut (<i>Corylus</i> L.) cultivars characterised by different susceptibility to filbert aphid (<i>Myzocallis coryli</i> Goetze) feeding. The following parameters were measured: the thickness of leaf blade, the number of stomata, the length of secretory and mechanical hairs and their density on the leaf, the thickness of adaxial and abaxial epidermis and the thickness of their external cell walls. Observations of cross sections of the leaves were made in a light microscope and the surface of the adaxial epidermis was analysed in a scanning electron microscope. It was shown that leaves of the cultivars susceptible to <i>M. coryli</i> feeding had the thinnest leaf blade, especially in the main vein, and many more stomata. Besides, the cultivar most resistant to filbert aphid feeding, White Filbert, was marked by the largest height of the adaxial epidermis cells and the strongest striation of the cuticle in abaxial epidermis. On leaves of this cultivar, the number of mechanical hairs was the highest, while the lowest number of them was noted on Wonder from Bollwiller, the most susceptible cultivar.

Clausospicula, a new Australian genus of grasses (Poaceae, Andropogoneae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
M Lazarides ◽  
J Lenz ◽  
L Watson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis

Clausospicula, a new monotypic genus from the Darwin and Gulf District, Northern Territory, Australia, is described and illustrated. Its diagnostic characters include cleistogamous spikelets, reduced panicles, racemes and spikelets, and pedicelled spikelets which are poorly developed and deciduous, or suppressed. Also, the glumes of the bisexual spikelet are awned and slightly keeled or without keels. A prominent feature is the extension of the peduncle into an appendage to which the callus of the bisexual spikelet is attached. The epidermis is notable for its distinct costal and intercostal zones, rectangular intercostal long-cells with tessellated, pitted cell walls, stomata inserted beneath the overlapping interstomatals and arranged in definite rows bordering the costal zones, the presence of macrohairs, narrow microhairs 39–46.5 µm long, silica-celllcork-cell pairs with dumbbell-shaped silica bodies costally and butterfly-shaped silica bodies intercostally. The transverse section shows a distinct midrib with the vascular bundles arranged in a conventional arc abaxially and colourless tissue adaxially, and a symmetrically ordered lamina. The primary vascular bundles are accompanied by sclerenchyma as girders abaxially and adaxially; the adaxial epidermis is extensively bulliform and the abaxial epidermis is of bulliform-like cells.

scholarly journals Micromorphological Studies of the Loranthaceae, Phragmanthera capitata (Sprengel) Balle

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Uangbaoje Ohikhena ◽  
Olubunmi Abosede Wintola ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Information Database ◽  
Scanning Electron

Phragmanthera capitata (Sprengel) Balle is a mistletoe of the Loranthaceae family that has been explored for its therapeutic properties in folklore for ages. However, there had been an alarming increase in misidentification of species in this family. This may be due in part to the lack of species taxonomic information. Hence, this study wishes to highlight the range of micromorphological features which could complement the information database of this species. Scanning electron, light, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microscopies were used for this study. The result revealed a paracytic type of stomata with mean abaxial and adaxial density of 225.42±3.67 mm2 and 137.21±5.65 mm2, respectively, and mean guard cell length of 26.45±0.02 μm. Oval-shaped lenticels with a mean length of 34.29±0.26 μm were observed. They were arranged in parallel on the epidermal cells of the abaxial midrib. Densely packed stellate trichomes were revealed on the abaxial epidermis with a density of 63.32±3.70 mm2. Tracheary elements, which are tightly packed with granules believed to be proteins, were observed in the cross sections of the twig. Deposits chiefly composed of silicon, aluminium, potassium, and iron were recorded in the EDX analysis. This study revealed detailed descriptive micromorphological structures which could serve as a source of information and reference for the taxonomic description of P. capitata.

Morphology and epidermal characters of Ginkgo pilifera Samyl. leaves and distribution of this species in the Late Cretaceous of Northern Asia

Palaeobotany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 5-37
Author(s):  
L. B. Golovneva
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Northeastern Russia ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Periclinal Walls ◽  
Kolyma River

In the result of investigation of new findings, the variability of leaf shape and epidermal characters of Ginkgo pilifera Samyl. were studied. Geographical and stratigraphic ranges of this species were analyzed on the base of new material and earlier published data. This species was described by Samylina (1967) from the upper part of the Timmerdyakh Formation exposed in the Lena-Vilyui depression in Eastern Siberia. After that many new occurrences of this species were reported. G. pilifera was widely distributed from late Albian to Maastrichtian in Asian part of the Siberian-Canadian paleogeographical region. The earliest occurrence was documented from the late Albian-lower Turonian deposits of the Krivorechenskaya Formation, Grebenka River basin, Northeastern Russia. Approximately in the same time (in the Cenomanian) remains of G. pilifera appeared in the lower part of the Timmerdyakh Formation in the Lena-Vilyui depression. In Western Siberia in the late Albian and Cenomanian other species of Ginkgo were found: G. sertensis N. Nosova et Golovn. and G. chlonoviae N. Nosova et Golovn. were described from the Kiya Formation and G. ragosinii N. Nosova et Golovn. and G. tjukansis Kiritch. were described from the Simonovo Formation. In the Turonian and Coniacian G. pilifera was discovered in the upper part of the Timmerdyakh Formation, in the Valizhgen Formation of Yelistratov peninsula in Penzhina Bay area, in volcanogenic deposits of the Kolyma River basin and in the Derevyannye Gory Formation of New Siberia Island. In the Santonian-Campanian this species was reported from the Arkagala Formation of the Kolyma River basin and from two localities in the Amur River basin: from upper part of the Kundur Formation in Russia and from the Taipinglinchang Formation in China. The last occurrence is the most southern finding of this species. In Maastrichtian G. pilifera penetrated in Western Siberia, that significantly increased its area in western direction. The most variable character in G. pilifera morphology is the leaf shape. Leaves change from entire to deep-dissected into several wide lobes with rounded or truncate apices. Dissected forms occured from late Albian to Coniacian and predominated in the Krivorechenskaya (late Albian-lower Turonian) and the Valizhgen (Turonian-Coniacian) Formations Northeastern Russia.During Santonian-Maastrichtian only entire forms were distributed. The variability of epidermal characters is insignificant. The most variable characters are degree of undulation of the anticlinal cell walls, degree of development of cuticular thickenings and number of stomata on adaxial epidermises and number of trichomes on of abaxial and adaxial epidermises. The specific diagnosis of this species was emended. Remains of G. pilifera occur in allochtonous taphocenosis together with other plants characteristic to riparian habitats. Probably, this species was confined to river valleys and was not connected with swamp environments.Paleoecological implication of great number of papillae and trichomes is steel unclear. Emended diagnosis. Leaves broadly fan-shaped, entire with undulate upper margin with several shallow incisions, or, more rarely, dissected into several wide lobes with rounded or truncate apices. Leaves amphistomatic. Anticlinal cell walls of adaxial epidermis sinuous with amplitude up to 2–3 μm; in costal zones sometimes slightly sinuous or straight. Periclinal walls with cuticular dome-shaped thickenings and rare trichomes. Number and development of cuticular thickenings vary in different areas of leaf lamina and in different leaves. Weak development of thickenings usually correlates with increased number of trichomes. Stomata at abaxial epidermis rare; the papillae of subsidiary cells do not cover the stoma completely. Anticlinal cell walls of abaxial epidermis slightly sinuous or straight. Periclinal walls usually with papillae (12-20 μm long), more rarely, smooth. Trichomes (up to 60–100 μm long) occur rather often. Big trichomes usually consist of 2-3 cells. Stomata at adaxial epidermis orientated irregularly, without formation of regular rows, surrounded by five to seven subsidiary cells. Each subsidiary cell bears a proximal papilla up to 15–25 μm long. These papillae completely cover the stoma.

scholarly journals Anatomical study of the leaves and petioles of scab resistant and susceptible apple cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tóth ◽  
P. Gracza
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Anatomical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Shape And Size

Anatomic studies have been performed on the leaf blade, petiole and annual shoot on six apple cultivars by means of scanning electron as well as light microscope. Four of the cultivars examined are resistant to scab (Florina, Freedom, MR-10, MR-11), whereas two of them are susceptible (Jonathan and Idared). Preliminary results suggest that differences in the width of cross sections of leaf blades, in hairyness, in the shape and size of epidermal cells, moreover, in the cross sections of petioles and shoots are considerable. Some of the anatomical properties seem to be correlated with scab resistance or susceptility of the respective cultivars. Therefore, further studies extending to other cultivars may corroborate our claims to find causal relations between anatomical traits of the leaves and disease, especially scab resistance of apple cultivars.

scholarly journals Anatomical features of leaves of three cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and settling the plants by cereal leaf beetles, Oulema spp. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Grzegorz Soczyński
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Cereal Leaf Beetle ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Made In

Investigations of flag leaves anatomy of three winter wheat cultivars: Almari, Gama and Weneda were carried out as it was state that there are great differences in the intensity of cereal leaf beetle feeding on the leaves. In order to determine the features conditioning the differentiated resistance of these cultivars following parameters were measured: the thickness of leaf blade, the length of trichomes and their density in the adaxial epidermis, the number of silicon cells in 1 mm<sup>2</sup> epidermis and the thickness of the external cell walls of epidermis. The observations of cross section of the leaves were made in a light microscope and that of surface of the adaxial epidermis in a scanning electron microscope. In this study it was shown that Gama cv. distinguishes of the shortest trichomes with poor density, the lowest number of the silicon cells in 1 mm<sup>2</sup> and epidermis cells with the thinest walls. This features indicate a poor resistance of Gama cv. against feeding of the pests and give reasons for the presence a much higher number of the cereal leaf beetle larvae (about 100%) than at the extant two cultivars. Dependence between the thickness of leaf blades and the number of larvae of the infesting pests has not been stated.

scholarly journals Anatomical relations of the leaves in strawberry

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Papp ◽  
P. Gracza ◽  
A. Szenthe ◽  
E. Sárdi ◽  
G. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Intermediate Size ◽  
Main Vein

In the present study histology of the leaves of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) variety Elsanta was the objective, which has been performed with the beginning of seedling stage, cotyledons, primary leaves and later true leaves, first cataphyll of the runner shoot as well as the bracteoles of the inflorescence. Structures of the leaf blade, the upper and lower epidermis, the petiole have been also observed. The leaf blade of cotyledons already contains a typical palisade as well as spongy parenchyma tissues, i.e. being bifacial showing a structure similar to that of the true leaf. However, the petiole displays differences from the true leaf. There are a narrow (4-5 layer) primary cortex and a tiny central cylinder. Primary leaves bear already hairs on the adaxial surface and the transporting tissue-bundles are recognised in cross sections having a "V" shape. The first true leaf composed by three leaflets is of a simple structure showing characters reminding of cotyledons and primary leaves. Leaves of intermediate size continue to grow, whereas their inner anatomy changes dramatically. In the central region of the leaflets, near to the main vein, a second palisade parenchyma appears, further on, transporting tissue bundles are branching in the petiole. Collenchyma tissues enhance the stiffness and elasticity of the petiole. Older true leaves develop thick collenchyma tissues around the transporting bundles being represented by increasing numbers. The doubled palisade parenchyma layers of the leaf blades are generally observed. The cataphylls of the runners have a more simple structure, their mesophyll is homogenous, no palisade parenchyma appears. It is evident that leaves grown at successive developmental stages are different not only in their morphological but also anatomical structure. There is a gradual change according to the developmental stage of the leaves.

Epidermis and epicuticular waxes of Syagrus coronata leaflets

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1947-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Dodsworth Machado ◽  
Cláudia Franca Barros
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Amorphous Layer ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

The outer epidermal cell walls of the leaf blade of the licuri palm tree were studied by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, with special attention to the epicuticular waxes. On the intensely green adaxial surface, the wax adheres in the form of a smooth, flexible, varnish-like layer. On the pruinose, dull, greenish or bluish abaxial side, the wax appears as a thin amorphous layer from which rodlets and columns protrude. Very curved rodlets, in compact rows, border each stoma, sometimes almost completely closing its aperture. Numerous pores, not resolvable with the light microscope, were detected in both cuticular membranes. Comments are presented concerning the possible functions of several configurations of epicuticular waxes. Key words: epicuticular waxes, wax micromorphology, Syagrus, licuri, epidermal wall.

SEM analysis of fish scale cross sections: A technique study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 744-745
Author(s):  
M.E. Lee ◽  
A. Moller ◽  
P.S.O. Fouche ◽  
I.G Gaigher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy of fish scales has facilitated the application of micro-structures to systematics. Electron microscopy studies have added more information on the structure of the scale and the associated cells, many problems still remain unsolved, because of our incomplete knowledge of the process of calcification. One of the main purposes of these studies has been to study the histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of both calcified and decalcified scales, and associated cells, and to obtain more information on the mechanism of calcification in the scales. The study of a calcified scale with the electron microscope is complicated by the difficulty in sectioning this material because of the close association of very hard tissue with very soft tissues. Sections often shatter and blemishes are difficult to avoid. Therefore the aim of this study is firstly to develop techniques for the preparation of cross sections of fish scales for scanning electron microscopy and secondly the application of these techniques for the determination of the structures and calcification of fish scales.

Scattering of Electrons at High - Pressure and Restoration of Image Contrast in High Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 384-385
Author(s):  
J. S. Shah ◽  
R. Durkin ◽  
A. N. Farley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Medium Resolution ◽  
Scattering Approximation ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is now possible to perform High Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy (HPSEM) in the range 10 to 2000 Pa. Here the effect of scattering on resolution has been evaluated by calculating the profile of the beam in high pressure and assessing its effect on the image contrast . An experimental scheme is presented to show that the effect of the primary beam ionization is to reduce image contrast but this effect can be eliminated by a novel use of specimen current detection in the presence of an electric field. The mechanism of image enhancement is discussed in terms of collection of additional carriers generated by the emissive components.High Pressure SEM (HPSEM) instrumentation is establishing itself as commercially viable. There are now a number of manufacturers, such as JEOL, ABT, ESCAN, DEBEN RESEARCH, selling microscopes and accessories for HPSEM. This is because high pressure techniques have begun to yield high quality micrographs at medium resolution.To study the effect of scattering on the incident electron beam, its profile - in a high pressure environment - was evaluated by calculating the elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections for nitrogen in the energy range 5-25 keV. To assess the effect of the scattered beam on the image contrast, the modification of a sharp step contrast function due to scattering was calculated by single scattering approximation and experimentally confirmed for a 20kV accelerated beam.

Gymnomitrion fissum (Gymnomitriaceae, Marchantiophyta) — a new species with fissured leaf surface from China

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 274-280
Author(s):  
A. D. Potemkin ◽  
Yu. S. Mamontov ◽  
N. S. Gamova
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cell Lumen ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Surface Comparison

Study of selected specimens of Gymnomitrion collected by D. G. Long in Yunnan, China, revealed a new species, G. fissum Mamontov et Potemkin, sp. nov., with a fissured leaf surface. Comparison of SEM images of the leaf surface and leaf cross sections shows that the leaf surface of G. fissum is different from that of other known species with a superficially similar leaf surface, i. e. Mylia taylorii, M. verrucosa s. l. and Trabacellula tumidula. It has fissures around the cell lumen rather than grids and perforations. Outer cell walls of Gymnomitrion fissum are much thicker than in Mylia taylorii, M. verrucosa s. l. and Trabacellula tumidula, and their outer layers tend to be partly or completely caducous. G. fissum is related to the group of species assigned to the former genus Apomarsupella.

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