Characterization of polymetallic ore and flotation concentrate from the Mária Mine (Rožňava, Špis-Gemer Ore Mts., Eastern Slovakia)

The contribution deal with the study on composition of tetrahedrite-bearing siderite ore from Maria Mine nearby Rožnava and of tetrahedrite concentrate prepared from this ore by froth flotation. The Rožnava ors field consists of two main vein systems, namely Mária and Strieborná (Argenteous/Silvery) ones, respectively. The both vein systems are situated in the Early Paleozoic Gelnica Group of the Gemeric Superunit, in Bystrý Potok Formation (Upper Silurian) and in the Drnava Formation (Early Devonian). The filling of vein systems is formed mainly by siderite, quartz, tetrahedrite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, ankerite, albite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, less tourmaline, sericite, chlorite, apatite, magnetite, etc. The rock surroundings is represented by quartzy metapsammite, sericitic-quartzite and sericitic-graphitic phyllites (Jakubiak, 2008, Blišt’an, 2009, Varga, 2013, Mikus, 2018). Thus, metal ore as a feed to froth flotation and obtained concentrate were subjected to grain size analysis. The grain size fractions were assayed using GA, AAS, MS-ICP and CHNS. Mineral composition of samples was studied using XRD. So, polymetal ore contains 18.99 % SiO2, 37.01 % FeO, 1.84 % MnO, 7.36 % C, 2.36 % Cu, 1.70 % Sb, 0.15 % As, 2.32 % S, 770 ppm Ag and 216 ppm Hg. Tetrahedrite concentrate containing 25.59 % Cu, 19.68 % Sb, 1.19 % As, 20.08 % S, 0.57 % Ag, 1.20 % Hg, 1 % SiO2, 16.16 % FeO, 0.48 % MnO and 2.17 % C at a mass yield of 4 % was prepared. XRD study showed that siderite occurs as a dominant mineral in metal ore. Quartz, tetrahedrite and sericite are presented as accompanying minerals. Accessories are represented by chlorite, probably clinochlore. As to flotation concentrate, tetrahedrite is dominant mineral, which accompanied by siderite. Accessories can be represented by chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, sericite, pyrite, quartz and chlorite.

Modeling the oxygen uptake, transport and consumption in an estivating terrestrial snail, Xeropicta derbentina, by the Colburn analogy

The present work gives insight into the internal heat management of the respiratory system in the terrestrial snail Xeropicta derbentina, which has to cope with extreme climate conditions in its habitat. A realistic model of the lung´s vein system was constructed and the active diffusive surface of capillaries and main vein was calculated and confirmed by geometrical measurements. We here present a model that is able to validate the measured oxygen consumption by the use of the Colburn analogy between mass and momentum transfer. By combining basic diffusion laws with the momentum transfer, i.e. wall shear stress, at the inner wall of the lung capillaries and the main vein, the progression of the oxygen mass fraction in the hemolymph can be visualized.

Application of magnetic and induced polarization method for delineating gold-bearing vein zones at Cibaliung, Pandeglang Regency, Banten

Magmatic processes occurred during the Miocene period caused the formation of epithermal gold deposits in Cibaliung area. The deposit has previously been investigated through geological surveys which basically only covers the surface aspect, so in this study a subsurface analysis was carried out through magnetic and IP surveys to determine the distribution and continuity of the gold deposits. The magnetic survey was conducted over an area of about 3 km2 with sampling interval 20 m east and 100 m north. The magnetic data were processed using Oasis Montaj with magnetic intensity map as an output, which was then interpreted to determine the presence of structures and magnetite destruction zones as mineralization clues. The IP survey was conducted on 20 east-west oriented lines with length of about 1.2 km. The electrode configuration used is Wenner with 25 m spacing. IP data were processed using RES2DINV software to eliminate bad datum points and invert the apparent chargeability values into the true ones. IP data are then interpreted to clearly determine the position, direction, and distribution of gold mineralization body by detecting the presence of sulfide minerals as ligands carrying gold. Magnetic data analysis shows that gold mineralization tends to occur at low magnetic anomaly, ranging from 37 nT to 240 nT and generally associated with northwest-oriented structures. The mineralization zone is found in four main vein zones with resistivity and chargeability values < 51 Ωm and > 50 ms.

Morphoanatomical study, seasonal variation, and larvicidal activity of volatile oils from the leaves of Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) O. Berg (Myrtaceae)

The aim of this study was to perform from the morpho-anatomical study, physicochemical characterization, chemical composition, seasonal variability and larvicidal activity of the volatile oils of Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) O. Berg leaves. The botanical material was collected in Hidrolândia, Goiás. Morpho-anatomical characterization and phytochemical screening were performed by conventional methods. Leaf powders were submitted to hydrodistillation in the Clevenger apparatus and the identification of the chemical components of the volatile oils obtained was done by GC-MS. The larvicidal activity was carried out with third-stage larvae of the Aedes aegypti. The leaf blade, the main vein, and the young stem have a uni-stratified epidermis covered by a cuticle. The mesophyll and cortical parenchyma of the main vein and young stem have secretory cavities and idioblasts with crystals. The main rib contains a bicolateral bundle in an open arch. The young stem has a discontinuous band of sclerenchyma external to the phloem cells. Most volatile oil compounds are spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, α-macrocarpene, and z-caryophylleneIn phytochemical analysis, tannins, digitalis, flavonoids, and total phenols were detected. The content of volatile compounds was 7.36%, that of total ash was 1.77%, and that of mucilage was 3.52 ml. The volatile oil at the concentration used was inactive against Ae aegypti larvae. The present study contributes to the taxonomic knowledge of the species and provides parameters for quality control of the plant raw material. This work represents the first description of the chemical compounds and seasonal variability of volatile oils from C. pubescens leaves collected in Goiás state.

On the Efficacy of Water Transport in Leaves. A Coupled Xylem-Phloem Model of Water and Solute Transport

In this paper, we present and use a coupled xylem/phloem mathematical model of passive water and solute transport through a reticulated vascular system of an angiosperm leaf. We evaluate the effect of leaf width-to-length proportion and orientation of second-order veins on the indexes of water transport into the leaves and sucrose transport from the leaves. We found that the most important factor affecting the steady-state pattern of hydraulic pressure distribution in the xylem and solute concentration in the phloem was leaf shape: narrower/longer leaves are less efficient in convecting xylem water and phloem solutes than wider/shorter leaves under all conditions studied. The degree of efficiency of transport is greatly influenced by the orientation of second-order veins relative to the main vein for all leaf proportions considered; the dependence is non-monotonic with efficiency maximized when the angle is approximately 45° to the main vein, although the angle of peak efficiency depends on other conditions. The sensitivity of transport efficiency to vein orientation increases with increasing vein conductivity. The vein angle at which efficiency is maximum tended to be smaller (relative to the main vein direction) in narrower leaves. The results may help to explain, or at least contribute to our understanding of, the evolution of parallel vein systems in monocot leaves.

Morphological, cytological and molecular marker analyses of ‘Tapestry’ caladium variants reveal diverse genetic changes and enable association of leaf coloration pattern loci with molecular markers

Somaclonal variation and induced mutation are highly valuable sources of genetic variation for genetic improvement and research in horticultural crops; cellular and molecular characterization can greatly facilitate their uses in these areas. In the present study, 20 caladium variants were identified among ‘Tapestry’ plants that were regenerated from leaf cultures treated with or without colchicine. These variants showed changes in leaf main vein color and coloration pattern and were separated into ten groups based on leaf morphological changes. Five variants contained 3.3–9.7% more nuclear DNA than the wildtype and gained one, two or three chromosomes, while four variants contained 3.0–4.8% less nuclear DNA and lost one chromosome. Five, out of 22, simple sequence repeat-based molecular markers detected DNA banding pattern changes in 13 of the 20 variants. Two molecular markers (CaM24 and CaM62) detected DNA banding pattern changes in the same four variants, suggesting that these two markers may be located in the same chromosomal segment. Strong association between leaf characteristics (leaf blotching and main vein color) and molecular banding pattern changes with molecular marker CaM42 were observed in six variants, indicating that CaM42 may be associated with gene loci controlling leaf blotching and leaf main vein color in caladium.

Morphology, Anatomy, Palynology and Seed Micromorphology of Turkish Endemic Verbascum exuberans Hub.-Mor. (Scrophulariaceae)

ABSTRACT: Verbascum L. is the largest genus of the family Scrophulariceae and includes several species are of medicinal importance. The high morphological diversity among the species of the genus Verbascum causes problems in the delimitation of the species. In this study, morphological, anatomical, palynological and seed properties of Verbascum exuberans were investigated. It is a local endemic restricted to the provinces of Manisa and Izmir in West Anatolia. In the root cross-section, the xylem elements occupy a considerable area. The upper part of the epidermis cells in the stem cross-section is covered a distinct cuticle layer. The main vein of the leaf is shapped as bicollateral bundle. Idioblasts were not observed in the epidermis of the leaves of V. exuberans. Seeds of V. exuberans are dark brown and oblong to prismatic and alveolate. Hilum is short and orbicular. The seed coat ornamentation is reticulate-rugose. Pollen grains usually radially symmetrical, isopolar, prolate, tricolpate. Tectum is reticulate.

Features of the anatomy of the leaves of Laurocerasus officinalis M. Roem.

The article presents the results of microscopic analysis of the leaves of L. officinalis. The main anatomical and diagnostic features that can be used in identifying and evaluating the authenticity of medicinal plant raw materials are established. Analysis of the anatomical structure showed that the leaves of L. officinalis are dorsoventral; the leaf plastic is hypostomatic, and the stomatal apparatus is anomocytic. The main vein of the leaf blade and petiole is represented by a bicollateral conducting bundle. Idioblasts represented by round- shaped essential oil cells were first identified in the columnar and spongy mesophyll of the leaf and petiole. Single diamond-shaped crystals and calcium oxalate druses were also found in the leaves. The information obtained can serve as a basis for the development of the section "Microscopy" in the draft regulatory documentation.