scholarly journals Comparison of features of the epidermis and the size of the floral nectary in four species of the genus Cotoneaster Med.

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosława Chwil ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Cuticular Ornamentation ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
Nectariferous Tissue ◽  
Nectar Flow ◽  
Scanning Electron

The investigations involved four species of the <i>Cotoneaster</i> genus: <i>C. divaricatus</i>, <i>C. horizontalis</i>, <i>C. lucidus</i>, <i>C. praecox</i>, which are commonly grown for decorative purposes. In Poland, these plants bloom in May and June and are a source of abundant spring nectar flow for insects. The floral nectaries of the above-mentioned species were examined using stereoscopic, light, and scanning electron microscopy in order to assess their size and epidermal microstructure. In the plants studied, the upper part of the hypanthium is lined by nectariferous tissue. The nectaries in the four species vary in terms of their sizes. Nectar is secreted onto the surface of the epidermis through anomocytic, slightly elongated or circular stomata. The largest stomata on the nectary epidermis were found in the flowers of <i>C. horizontalis</i>, and the smallest ones in <i>C. divaricatus</i>.Their size and location in relation to other epidermal cells were taxon-specific. The highest density of stomata in the nectary epidermis was found in <i>C. divaricatus</i> (205 per mm<sup>2</sup>), whereas <i>C. horizontalis</i> flowers exhibited the lowest (98 per mm<sup>2</sup>) stomatal density. The cuticular ornamentation on the nectary epidermis surface was diverse. The stomatal indices calculated for the nectary epidermis were considerably lower than for the leaves in the particular species.

scholarly journals Structure of nectaries of Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Nectariferous Tissue ◽  
Scanning Electron

The structure of floral nectary of <i>Malus sylvestris</i> was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Nectaries in <i>M. sylvestris</i> flowers were situated on the adaxial surface of the receptacle, between the style and the base of filaments. The middle part of the nectary was covered epidermal cells with striated cuticle. The remaining part of the nectary was covered with smooth cuticle. Open and modified nectarostomata were situated at the same level as epidermal cells. The nectariferous tissue was formed by densely packed small parenchyma cells (secretory cells) with dark protoplasts.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the surface of the epidermis in floral nectaries and the receptacle of mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Sorbus Aucuparia ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
Scanning Electron

The structure of receptacular surfaces of floral nectaries at two flowering stages and the structure of the outer surface of the receptacle of <i>Sorbus aucuparia</i> were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Changes in the development of the cuticular epithelium of the nectary epidermis and differences in the degree of aperture of stomata were observed. Increased undulation of the gland surface was found during flower development. Numerous stomata were situated slightly below the level of epidermal cells of the nectary. At the pollination stage, open pores or pores surrounded by the cuticular epithelium were observed, as well as covered by dried secretion. Dried nectar in the form of patches was also visible on the surface of the gland. Stomata of the outer surface of the receptacle were located on protrusions and surrounded by the cuticular epithelium.

scholarly journals Micromorphology of the epidermis of the floral nectary of Rhododendron japonicum (A. Gray) J. V. Suringar ex E.H. Wilson.

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Half Height ◽  
Floral Nectaries ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Scanning Electron

The conducted study related to the structure of the floral nectaries of <i>Rhododendron japonicum</i> (A. Gray) J. V. Suringar ex E. H. Wilson. The structure of the secretory epidermis of the nectaries was analysed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). <i>Rhododendron japonicum</i> develops the superior pistil with a 5-loculed ovary equipped in five ribs. The nectary gland is located in the lower part of the ovary. In the nectary regions located on the extension of the ribs of the ovary, stomata were very numerous. In the upper part of the nectary, stomata were arranged individually or in small clusters, whereas at its half- -height they formed stomatal areas. The stomata were at different growth stages. They were arranged in different directions. The stomata developed on the nectary surface according to the mosaic pattern. The stomata from the lower situated part of the nectary had a different structure than those occurring in the upper half of the nectary. The stomata in the nectaries of <i>Rh. japonicum</i> belong to the actinocytic type. The cuticle layer in the upper part of the nectary was better developed and had a characteristic sculpture, whereas in the lower part it was smooth.

The development of the glandular trichomes of Adenocaulon bicolor

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earic E. Karrfalt ◽  
Gerald L. Kreitner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Trichome Cell ◽  
Scanning Electron

The development of the stalked, capitate, glandular trichomes found on the inflorescence axes of Adenocaulon bicolor was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The trichomes are not initiated until the stems have essentially ceased to grow in diameter. In early development the trichomes are biseriate, but later become several cells wide partly as the result of contributions from other epidermal cells rather than exclusively from longitudinal divisions in the developing trichome. Cell divisions occur throughout the trichome primordia and are not restricted to an acropetal or basipetal sequence. The mature trichomes are relatively large, 200–250 μm high, but are entirely of epidermal origin.

Brittle fracture of epidermal cells by liquid shear

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-705
Author(s):  
G.M. Gray ◽  
H.J. Yardley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Press ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Liquid Shear

A suspension of epidermal cells obtained from pig tail skin by trypsinization was subjected to high liquid-shear forces in a French press. The material issuing from the press was examined by phase-contrast microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The cytoskeleton of tonofibrils retained the shape of cell fragments, and subcellular organelles remained enmeshed in the network of tonofibrils. Examination of some cell fragments by scanning electron microscopy revealed the internal organization of the tonofibrils. The relevance of these findings to the problem of isolating subcellular fractions from epidermis is discussed.

Scanning electron microscopy of pear blossom invasion by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2523-2529 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lucienne Mansvelt ◽  
Martin J. Hattingh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Internal Tissue ◽  
Nectariferous Tissue ◽  
Scanning Electron

Colonization of 'Packham's Triumph' pear blossoms by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall was examined by scanning electron microscopy. All flower parts examined were colonized. One day after inoculation, numerous bacteria occurred between papillae and in the underlying tissue of stigmas, and on the surface of nectariferous tissue. Small colonies with distinct cells were seen on filaments. Masses of bacteria were present in receptacle tissue 2 days after inoculation. The pressure exerted by the expanding mass of bacteria within some regions of this tissue separated the cuticle from the epidermis. The pathogen probably entered internal tissue through natural openings present in the nectariferous region of the blossoms.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and anatomy of three Symphytum (Boraginaceae) taxa from Turkey

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oznur Ergen Akcin ◽  
Hilal Baki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Lower Epidermis ◽  
Micromorphology And Anatomy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Symphytum asperum Lepechin, S. ibericum Steven and S. sylvaticum Boiss. were examined morphologically, micromorphologically and anatomically. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine leaf surface and trichomes of these species. These species had bifacial and hypostomatous leaf types. Epidermal cells of leaves were usually polygonal or irregular in form. The pattern of anticlinical cells may vary in different species and between the upper and lower epidermis of the same species. Stomata are anisocytic and anomocytic in three species. Stomata index is 27.5 for S. sylvaticum, 24.65 for S. ibericum and 21.86 for S. asperum glandular trichomes are capitate in forms and more dense on the lower epidermis than upper epidermis. Eglandular trichomes are simple, short or long, unicellular or multicellular and thin or thick. Key words: Micromorphology, Anatomy, Symphytum DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1496 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 93-103, 2007 (December)   

Petal epidermal micromorphology in holoparasitic Orobanchaceae and its significance for systematics and pollination ecology

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Piwowarczyk ◽  
Justyna Kasińska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pollination Ecology ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Nectar Guides ◽  
The Family ◽  
Holoparasitic Plants ◽  
Scanning Electron

Flowers of holoparasitic plants have evolved several adaptations for pollination as part of their parasitic strategies. A study of the petal epidermis may be useful to systematics as well as to the knowledge of ecological and co-evolutionary adaptations between the parasites and their pollinators. The present work is a comparative study of the microsculpture of nectar guides and landing platforms in the flowers of holoparasitic species in the family Orobanchaceae. In total, 285 samples of 39 species from 10 holoparasitic genera (Boschniakia C.A.Mey. ex Bong., Boulardia F.W.Schultz, Cistanche Hoffmanns. & Link, Conopholis Wallr., Diphelypaea Nicolson, Epifagus Nutt., Mannagettaea H.Sm., Orobanche L., Phacellanthus Siebold & Zucc. and Phelipanche Pomel) and as an outgroup, of six additional hemiparasitic genera (Castilleja Mutis ex L.f., Euphrasia L., Orthantha (Benth.) A.Kern., Parentucellia Viv., Rhinanthus L., and Striga Lour.) were analysed using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Types of epidermal cells were characterised, and their distribution on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the petals determined. The following four major epidermal types were recognised: tabular rugose striate cells (TRS), areolate cells (AS), papillose conical cells (PCS) and lobular striate cells (PLS). Two main types of trichomes were observed, namely glandular and non-glandular. Our results showed that petal micromorphology may be useful to systematics; its influence in relation to the pollinators is discussed.

scholarly journals A scanning electron microscopy-based screen of leaves of Solanum pennellii (ac. LA716) x Solanum lycopersicum (cv. M82) introgression lines provides a resource for identification of loci involved in epidermal development in tomato

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Galdon-Armero ◽  
M. L. Arce-Rodriguez ◽  
C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Introgression Line ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Pavement Cells ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Epidermal Development

AbstractThe aerial epidermis of plants plays a major role in their environment interactions, and the development of its cellular components -trichomes, stomata and pavement cells- is still not fully understood. We have performed a detailed screen of the leaf epidermis of two generations of the well-established Solanum pennellii ac. LA716 x Solanum lycopersicum cv. M82 introgression line (IL) population using a combination of scanning electron microscopy techniques. Quantification of the trichome and stomatal densities in the ILs revealed 18 genomic regions with a low trichome density and 4 ILs with a high stomatal density. We also found ILs with abnormal proportions of different trichome types and aberrant trichome morphologies. This work has led to the identification of new, unexplored genomic regions with roles in trichome and stomatal formation and provides an important dataset for further studies on tomato epidermal development that is publically available to the research community.

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