scholarly journals Flowering, pollen production and insect visitation in two Aconitum species (Ranunculaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Antoń ◽  
Bożena Denisow ◽  
Karol Milaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Floral Reward ◽  
Diurnal Dynamics ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
June July ◽  
Aconitum Carmichaelii

Flowering phenology, diurnal dynamics of blooming, insect visitation and pollen production in <em>Aconitum lycoctonum </em>L. and <em>Aconitum carmichaelii </em>Debeaux were investigated in 2012–2013 in the Lublin area, SE Poland. Flowering of <em>A. lycoctonum </em>occurred in June/July, whereas <em>A. carmichaelii </em>bloomed in September/October. Both <em>Aconitum </em>species differed in terms of the diurnal pattern of flowering. The flowers of <em>A. lycoctonum </em>started opening at 5.00, whereas those of <em>A. carmichaelii </em>started blooming at 8.00 (GMT+2h). The species differed in the number of anthers per flower, the size of anthers, and the mass of pollen produced in anthers. As a result, the flowers of <em>A. lycoctonum </em>produced less pollen (mean = 1.0 mg per 10 flowers) than the flowers of <em>A. carmichaelii </em>(mean = 8.2 mg per 10 flowers). The estimated pollen yield was 0.2 g per m<sup>2</sup> for <em>A. lycoctonum </em>and 1.6 g per m<sup>2</sup> for <em>A. carmichaelii</em>. The flowers of both <em>Aconitum </em>species were foraged exclusively by bumblebees with the predominance of the long-tongued <em>Bombus hortorum</em>. Nectar was a more attractive floral reward than pollen. The propagation of <em>Aconitum lycoctonum </em>and <em>A. carmichaelii</em> in ornamental gardens may support the conservation of bumblebees whose populations are steadily declining.

scholarly journals Ornamental Representatives of the Genus Centaurea L. as a Pollen Source for Bee Friendly Gardens

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Denisow ◽  
Monika Strzałkowska-Abramek ◽  
Małgorzata Bożek ◽  
Anna Jeżak
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Bumblebee Species ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Total Pollen ◽  
Frequent Visitor

Abstract The flowering phenology and pollen production of three ornamental Centaurea species were investigated in the years 2009 and 2012-2013. The study objects, Centaurea montana L. = Cyanus montanus (L.) Hill, Centaurea mollis Waldst & Kit, and Centaurea dealbata Willd. were cultivated within an area of the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, Poland (51° 14’ N, 22° 34’ E). Under the environmental conditions of SE Poland, the Centaurea species flowered continuously from mid-May to the first week of June. The mass of pollen in anthers was found to be species-related: 3.70 mg (C. montana), 4.02 mg (C. mollis), and 6.01 mg (C. dealbata) per 100 anthers. The total pollen yield was related to the mass of pollen produced in flowers and the abundance of blooming. Pollen grains were medium-sized, spheroid (C. dealbata) or prolato-spheroid (C. mollis and C. montana) in shape, and characterized by high viability (over 80% on average). The pollen provided by the plants of ornamental Centaurea species amounted to 6.0 - 7.9 g per m2 on average. The honeybee was the most frequent visitor of C. dealbata, accounting for 55.2% of the total pollinators, and bumblebee species predominated on the flowers of both C. montana (77.7%) and C. mollis (85.6%). Solitary bees and dipterans were also observed on the flowers of all species studied, but C. mollis was avoided by lepidopterans. Ornamental Centaurea species provide pollen reserves that could support communities of invertebrate pollinators, although the period of effective supply fluctuates annually due to changeable periods of blooming.

scholarly journals Nectar and Pollen Production and Insect Visitation on Ornamentals from the Genus Hosta Tratt. (Asparagaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bożek ◽  
Monika Strzałkowska-Abramek ◽  
Bożena Denisow
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Perianth Tube

Abstract Properly arranged ornamental gardens in both urban and agricultural landscapes can be of a benefit to bees. In this study, we observed the flowering phenology, nectar, and pollen production of the ornamental Hosta species and varieties (H. sieboldiana Engler, H. capitata Nakai, H. crispula Maekawa, H. fluctuans Maekawa, syn. H. sieboldiana var. fluctuans hort., H. undulata var. univittata Miquel (Hylander), syn. H. univittata). Our experiment was conducted in the 2012 - 2014 time period, at the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, Poland (51° 14’ N, 21° 34’ E). The total sugar yield varied almost 5-fold among Hosta ornamentals; the lowest amount was calculated for H. fluctuans (2.31 g per 10 m2) and the highest for H. capitata (11.80 g per 10 m2). The average pollen yield was from 0.24 g per 10 m2 (H. undulata var. univittata) to 9.53 g per 10 m2 (H. capitata). Pollen grains were bilaterally symmetrical, and large-sized. In polar view, they were prolatum (shape index 1.33 - 1.61), while in equatorial view, oblatum (shape index 0.5 - 0.7). Hosta species can complete the summer pasture mainly for bumblebees. In four of the five Hosta representatives, bumblebees accounted for 60 - 70% of the total visits. The honeybee predominated only on the flowers of H. capitata (54 - 71%). Solitary bees were rarely observed (3 - 9% of visits). The phenotypic traits of Hosta flowers (the accumulation of nectar in the deep and narrow perianth tube) reduced the access to nectar reward and restricted an array of insect visitors.

scholarly journals Nectar and pollen production in ornamental cultivars of Prunus serrulata (Rosaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Monika Strzałkowska-Abramek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Floral Reward ◽  
The City ◽  
Ornamental Species ◽  
Made In

AbstractPlanting ornamental species can help to create pollinator-friendly habitats. In the present study the flowering phenology and floral reward (nectar and pollen) in two cultivars of Prunus serrulata (‘Kanzan’ and ‘Amanogawa’) were evaluated in 2014-2015 in the city of Lublin (south-east Poland). On average, the onset of flowering of P. serrulata occurred in the first ten days of April (‘Kanzan’) or at the end of April (‘Amanogawa’), and lasted 8-17 days. In each year of the study, P. serrulata ‘Kanzan’ started flowering 11-18 days earlier than P. serrulata ‘Amanogawa’. The double flowers of P. serrulata ‘Kanzan’ offered only tiny amounts of nectar and pollen. The total mass of sugars was 0.59 mg per flower and that of pollen 0.08 mg per flower. The semi-double flowers of P. serrulata ‘Amanogawa’ produced 4.5 mg of sugars per flower and 0.17 mg of pollen per flower. The frequency of pollinator visits to flowers was low in P. serrulata ‘Amanogawa’ and very low in P. serrulata ‘Kanzan’. Therefore, if pollinator-friendly arrangements are made in urban areas, these cultivars should not be planted.

scholarly journals Nectar secretion and pollen production in Hyacinthus orientalis ‘Sky Jacket’ (Asparagaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bożek
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Floral Reward ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Hyacinthus Orientalis ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Flower Position

Flowering, nectar secretion, and pollen production in <em>Hyacinthus orientalis</em> ‘Sky Jacket’ (Asparagaceae) were studied between 2013 and 2015 in Lublin, SE Poland (51°16' N, 22°30' E). The flowering was weather-dependent. It started at the beginning of April or at the end of the month and lasted 14–24 days. The mass of nectar, sugar concentration in the nectar, nectar sugar mass, anther size, and pollen mass in flowers all depended on the flower position in the inflorescence and differed significantly between the years of study. The greatest mass of sugars and pollen was recorded in low-positioned flowers. On average, <em>H. orientalis</em> ‘Sky Jacket’ produced 1.63 mg of sugars and 3.51 mg of pollen per flower. The floral reward was attractive for <em>Apis mellifera</em> and <em>Bombus</em> spp., which indicate that the species should be propagated not only for its decorative value but also for supporting pollinators in early spring.

scholarly journals Characteristics of blooming and pollen in flowers of two Syringa species (f. Oleaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Denisow ◽  
Monika Strzałkowska-Abramek
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Flower Traits ◽  
Species Effect

The observations were conducted in long-term sequence studies in the years 2006, 2009, 2013, in the Lublin area, Poland (51o 16’ N, 22o 30’ E). The flowering phenology, diurnal pattern of blooming, pollen production and insect visitation to the shrubs of <em>Syringa oblata </em>Lindl. <em>var. dilatata </em>(Nakai) Rehd. and <em>S. meyeri ‘Palibin’ </em>Schn. were examined. <em>Syringa oblata </em>var. <em>dilatata </em>and <em>S. meyeri </em>‘Palibin’ blo- omed from the mid May till mid June. The species are characteristic of early morning diurnal pattern of blooming, with approx. of 60% of daily instalment of flowers opened before 9.00 (GMT + 2h). Both species studied had the corolla tube 2-fold deeper during the pollen shedding phase compared to bud stage (mean = 14.9 mm ± 3.2 SD vs. 7.8 mm ± 2.8). No species effect was found for the size of anthers, for the mass of pollen produced in anthers and for the pollen viability. A constant number of 2 stamens in the flowers of <em>Syringa </em>species entailed the pollen yield was derivative mainly to the number of developed flowers. Therefore significant differences were noted for the pollen yield between individual shrubs (mean 0.9 kg for <em>S. meyeri </em>‘Palibin’, and 8.1 kg/ha for <em>S. oblata </em>var. <em>dilatata </em>). The <em>Syringa oblata </em>var. <em>dilatata </em>and <em>S. meyeri </em>‘Palibin’ due to their attractive flowering period, and the abundance of blooming are suitable for different ornamental designs in urban areas. Unfortunately, despite the entomophilous flower traits, the insect visitors appeared sporadically.

scholarly journals The Flowering, Pollen Production, and Insect Visitors in the Ornamental Shrub Potentilla Fruticosa L. (Rosaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Denisow ◽  
Sebastian Antoń ◽  
Grażyna Szymczak
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Potentilla Fruticosa ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Pollen Productivity ◽  
Ornamental Shrub ◽  
Insect Visitors

Summary Urban areas have a specific ecological environment and may help to sustain local pollinator populations by the cultivation of different ornamental plants with entomophilous flowers. This yearlong study examined the flowering pattern, abundance of flowering, pollen production as well as insect visitation of two cultivars of the ornamental shrub Potentilla fruticosa L. (‘Maanleys’ and ‘Blink’), grown in Lublin; a city in south-eastern Poland. P. fruticosa ‘Maanleys’ bloomed from the middle of May to the first decade of September and P. fruticosa ‘Blink’ from June until October. The pattern of diurnal flowering was similar for both cultivars and showed plasticity in the season. Flowers opened most intensively in the morning hours, and 80 - 90% of the daily installment of newly opened flowers expanded by 8.00 h GMT +2h. A delay in the peak of diurnal flowering was noted between the spring/summer and summer/autumn periods. The most intense blooming fell in the 2nd month of flowering. The mass of pollen produced per flower depended on both the number of anthers and the efficiency of archesporial tissues. The pollen output varied from 1.4 to 7.2 mg per 10 flowers (‘Maanleys’) and from 2.6 to 4.5 mg per 10 flowers (‘Blink’). The mass of pollen produced per individual shrub was substantially related to the abundance of blooming. The average estimated pollen productivity in the full flowering phase was low; 1 g (‘Maanleys’) and 1.5 g (‘Blink’) per 10 m2 of shrub crown. The flowers of Potentilla fruticosa attracted numerous insects, mainly solitary bees (33 - 43%), dipterans (31 - 42%), lepidopterans (4 - 14%), bumblebees (3 - 15%), and honey bees (3 - 4%). The Potentilla fruticosa ‘Maanleys’ and ‘Blink’ are propagated for specific ornamental arrangements and due to a long flowering period may be used in small urban courtyards for both decorative value and as a pollen delivering plants.

The Ruby-throated Hummingbird and its major food plants: ranges, flowering phenology, and migration

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Bertin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Herbarium Data ◽  
And Migration

The Ruby-throated Hummingbird (or rubythroat, Archilochus colubris) and several of its major food plants were examined to assess the importance of rubythroat versus insect pollination, the overlap of geographical ranges, and the synchrony between migration and flowering times. Seed set of Impatiens biflora was increased 8–17% by rubythroat and insect visitation over the level achieved by insects alone. The rubythroat's range is not contiguous with that of any of 22 putative food plants examined, but is nearly coincident with the range of certain forest types, perhaps reflecting the importance of sap for food. A new method was developed to estimate peak flowering times of plants from herbarium data. Based on these data and field observations, only one rubythroat food plant (Impatiens biflora) had peak flowering times close to peak rubythroat migration times throughout their shared range. Rubythroats and their North American food plants are facultative mutualists, with the plants apparently having been evolutionarily more labile.

scholarly journals Karadeniz Sahil Kuşağında Yağlık Kolza (Brassica napus L.,) Bitkisinin Çiçeklenme Fenolojisi, Çiçek Sayısı, Nektar ve Polen Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Necda Çankaya ◽  
Ulviye Kumova
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Second Year

This research was carried out in 2011 and 2012 in order to determine the flowering phenology, number of flowers, nectar and pollen potential in the Samsun province of the oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), which is widely used in agriculture in our country. In the first year of the study (2011), it was determined that the rapeseed plant was in flower for 44 days, there were 2.694 flowers per plant, 1.89 kg/da nectar per day and 1330 kg/da pollen production. In the second year of the research (2012), it was revealed that the rapeseed plant was in flower for 39 days, there were 701 plants/flower in the plant, 0.38 kg/da nectar secreted daily and 331.57 kg/da pollen. According to the results of two years, the yield of rapeseed was found to be 41.5 days, the daily nectar production was 0.23 mg/flower/day, the nectar dry matter level was 20.25% and the pollen production was 0.48 mg/flower/day. In Samsun province, it was determined that rapeseed plants flowered before the flowering of many plants in the vicinity in the early spring, and provided honey bees, Apis mellifera L., and many other honey bees, nectar and pollen. It has been demonstrated that the cultivation of rapeseed is cultivated in the early spring, and it can be a convenient source of food for honey bees and other dusty insects.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ROOT PRUNING ON WATER RELATIONS AND SHOOT GROWTH OF `BELLAIRE' PEACH.

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 748A-748
Author(s):  
Roberto Santos ◽  
Bradley H. Taylor ◽  
Roger Kjelgren
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Diurnal Pattern ◽  
June July ◽  
Old Trees

The effect of root pruning on shoot length and water relations of `Bellaire' peach was investigated as a means of controlling vegetative growth. On 27 April, 25 May, and 23 June, 1990, five-year-old trees were root pruned to a 0.35 m depth at either 0.4 or 0.8 m from the tree trunks along both sides of the row. Shoot growth was measured biweekly through the growing season, and the diurnal pattern of stomatal conductance and water potential was followed in late June, July, and August. Stomatal conductance of the root-pruned treatments was less than the control, while there were no differences in water potential among treatments. Reduced shoot elongation was evident within a month of root pruning at 0.4 m for all timing treatments, but at 0.8 m it varied with the date of pruning. The first root pruning at 0.4 m reduced cumulative shoot elongation 39% compared to the un-pruned control trees, while the remaining treatments reduced it 14%. While root pruning limited cumulative shoot elongation in all treatments, the earliest 0.4 m treatment was most effective, possibly due to pruning of a larger percent of the root system prior to rapid shoot elongation. Stomatal closure in root-pruned trees appeared to moderate diurnal water deficits at levels similar to the control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document