Preservation of Features of Anatomical Polymorphism of Deschampsia antarctica É. Desv. (Poaceae) During In Vitro Clonal Reproduction

Abstract We studied the anatomical features of the leaf structure of Deschampsia antarctica É. Desv. (Poaceae) obtained from seeds collected from different habitats of the maritime Antarctic. These plants have been maintained in culture in vitro for more than 7 years. The plants include stable chromosome forms comprising diploids (2 n = 26), a diploid plant with B-chromosomes (2 n = 26 + 0–3B), a triploid with rearranged chromosome morphology, and myxoploids with different ratios of diploid and nondiploid cells in the root meristem. The D. antarctica plants that were studied generally had a similar anatomical structure in culture in vitro and in nature. At the same time, plants of different cultivated genotypes also displayed their own leaf structure features. In particular, qualitative features included asymmetric four-ribs and five-rib leaves instead of typical three-rib leaves for some genotypes, some individuals characterized by the presence of unicellular nonglandular pointed trichomes on an adaxial side, differences in vascular bundle sheath, and other features. No clear dependence of the anatomical structural features on the chromosomal status of the studied genotypes was evident. At the same time, differences were evident in traits that included the number of stomata, thickness of the outer cell walls of the epidermis, bundles sheath state, number of leaf ribs, and the persistent presence of trichomes under prolonged in vitro cloning. The findings indicate that D. antarctica plants collected from different locations of the maritime Antarctic for long-term cultivation in vitro under standard cultivation conditions retain the anatomical characteristics of the wild plants. The polymorphism of in vitro-cultivated plants is not related to the polymorphism of their karyotype, but is apparently due to the heterogeneity of the original plants and possibly the epigenetic fixation of a number of anatomical features produced in the natural microhabitats of D. antarctica populations.

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Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv. plants with different chromosome number cultivated in vitro. Plants length and flavonoids in in vitro culture and in nature

Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv ◽

10.7124/feeo.v20.785 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 310-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. O. Poronnik ◽

I. Yu. Parnikoza ◽

N. Yu. Miryuta ◽

G. Yu. Myryuta ◽

V. P. Grakhov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Cultivation Condition ◽

Deschampsia Antarctica ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Native Populations

Aim. The aim of this work is to research two adaptability indices (leaf length and flavonoid content and spectrum) in eleven genotypes revealed in seeds germ of Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv. in standardized cultivation condition in vitro. Then these adaptability indices would compare with the same for native populations. Methods. We have used biochemical method for determination of flavonoid contents in plant leaves, HPLC method for research of flavonoid spectrum in plant leaves. Results. Heterogeneity of leaf length and flavonoid content has been shown. Both parameters difference have been detected in comparison with native populations. Flavonoid spectrum has no difference in comparison with native populations. Conclusions. Deschampsia antarctica genotypes under standardized cultivation condition in vitro have had longer leaves than plants in nature populations. Length of the leaves was varied depending on karyotype of corresponding genotype. Cultivated plants have had flavonoid spectrum similar to the same plants in nature. This fact allows to assume plants in vitro possible producent of secondary metabolites. Keywords: Deschampsia antarctica, leaf length, flavonoids, chromosome number.

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First record of the endophytic bacteria of Deschampsia antarctica Ė. Desv. from two distant localities of the maritime Antarctic

Czech Polar Reports ◽

10.5817/cpr2021-1-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 134-153

Author(s):

Olga Podolich ◽

Ievgeniia Prekrasna ◽

Ivan Parnikoza ◽

Tamara Voznyuk ◽

Ganna Zubova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Vascular Plant ◽

South Shetland Islands ◽

Deschampsia Antarctica ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

King George Island ◽

Maritime Antarctic ◽

Organic Input

Endophytic bacteria, recognized for their beneficial effects on plant development and adaptation, can facilitate the survival of Antarctic plants in severe environments. Here we studied endophytes of the vascular plant Deschampsia antarctica Ė. Desv. from two distantly located regions in the maritime Antarctic: King George Island (South Shetland Islands) and Galindez Island (Argentine Islands). Bacterial group-specific PCR indicated presence of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cytophaga-Flavobacteria and Actinobacteria in root and leaf endosphere of D. antarctica sampled at four distinct sites of both locations. The diversity of endophytic bacteria was significantly higher in the leaves compared to the roots in plants from Galindez Island. Similarly, the diversity of endophytes was higher in the leaves rather than roots of plants from the King George Island. Twelve bacterial species were isolated from roots of D. antarctica of Galindez Island (the Karpaty Ridge and the Meteo Point) and identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Isolates were dominated by the Pseudomonas genus, followed by the genera Bacillus and Micrococcus. The vast majority of the isolates exhibited cellulase and pectinase activities, however, Bacillus spp. expressed neither of them, suggesting lack of genetic flow of these traits in endophytic bacilli in the maritime Antarctic. Pseudomonas sp. IMBG305 promoted an increase in the leaf number in most of the treated plant genotypes when compared with non-inoculated plants, and a rapid vegetation period of D. antarctica cultured in vitro, albeit the length of leaves in the treated plants was significantly lower, and flavonoid content leveled off in all treated plants. D. antarctica is known to develop diverse ecotypes with regard to ecological conditions, such as organic input, moisture or wind exposition. The D. antarctica phenotype could be extended further through the endophyte colonization, since phenotypic changes were observed in the inoculated D. antarcticaplants grown in vitro in our study. Herewith, endophytes can contribute to plant phenotypic plasticity, potentially beneficial for adaptation of D. antarctica.

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CALLUS FORMATION AND REGENERATION OF Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae) IN CULTURE in vitro

Biotechnologia Acta ◽

10.15407/biotech6.06.077 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 77-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

О. M. Zagrychuk ◽

Keyword(s):

Callus Formation ◽

Deschampsia Antarctica ◽

Culture In Vitro

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Effect of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics on Microspore Embryogenesis in Brassica Species

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9040489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 489

Author(s):

Anna Mineykina ◽

Daria Shumilina ◽

Ludmila Bondareva ◽

Alexey Soldatenko ◽

Elena Domblides

Keyword(s):

Microspore Embryogenesis ◽

Brassica Species ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Plant Cultivation ◽

Embryo Yield ◽

Cultivation In Vitro

Antibiotics are widely applied for plant cultivation in vitro to eliminate bacterial contamination. However, they can have both positive and negative effects on the cells of cultivated plants, and these effects largely depend on the type antibiotic used and its concentration. The objective of the present study was to estimate the effect of β-lactam antibiotics ampicillin (Amp) and cefotaxime (Cef) on microspore embryogenesis induction in vitro in the Brassica species. The performed experiments confirmed cefotaxime inhibits microspores in B. napus and B. oleracea, even in concentrations as low as 50 mg/L. The highest embryo yield was obtained for B. napus in the NLN-13 medium with added ampicillin in concentrations of 50–100 mg/L as an antimicrobial agent. This embryo yield was significantly higher than that obtained in a medium without supplemented antibiotics and two times higher than in the medium with added cefotaxime. Analogous results were obtained for B. oleracea and B. rapa.

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Comparative analysis nutrient media for plant rageneration from rice callus in anther culture in vitro

Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii ◽

10.26897/0021-342x-2017-2-126-133 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 126-133

Author(s):

M.V. Ilyushko ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Anther Culture ◽

Nutrient Media ◽

Rice Callus ◽

Culture In Vitro

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Callusogenesis of the explants cucurbita pepo var. Giraumonti in culture in vitro under the influence of N-Hexanoyl-L-Gomoserinlakton

Naukovij vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu bìoresursìv ì prirodokoristuvannâ Ukraïni Serìâ Bìologìâ bìotehnologìâ ekologìâ ◽

10.31548/biologiya2018.287.120 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (287) ◽

pp. 120-130

Author(s):

O. P. Taran ◽

◽

L. M. Babenko ◽

O. V. Moshynets ◽

S. P. Rogalsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Culture In Vitro

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Shoot Multiplication and Callus Induction of Labisia pumila var. alata as Influenced by Different Plant Growth Regulators Treatments and Its Polyphenolic Activities Compared with the Wild Plant

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113229 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3229

Author(s):

Mat Yunus Najhah ◽

Hawa Z. E. Jaafar ◽

Jaafar Juju Nakasha ◽

Mansor Hakiman

Keyword(s):

Callus Induction ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Shoot Multiplication ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Nodal Segment ◽

Ms Medium ◽

In Vitro Plantlets

This study aims to investigate whether the in vitro-cultured L. pumila var. alata has higher antioxidant activity than its wild plant. An 8-week-old L. pumila var. alata nodal segment and leaf explants were cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various cytokinins (zeatin, kinetin, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)) for shoot multiplication and auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and picloram) for callus induction, respectively. The results showed that 2 mg/L zeatin produced the optimal results for shoot and leaf development, and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D produced the highest callus induction results (60%). After this, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D was combined with 0.25 mg/L cytokinins and supplemented to the MS medium. The optimal results for callus induction (100%) with yellowish to greenish and compact texture were obtained using 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D combined with 0.25 mg/L zeatin. Leaves obtained from in vitro plantlets and wild plants as well as callus were extracted and analyzed for their antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP methods) and polyphenolic properties (total flavonoid and total phenolic content). When compared with leaf extracts of in vitro plantlets and wild plants of L. pumila var. alata, the callus extract displayed significantly higher antioxidant activities and total phenolic and flavonoid content. Hence, callus culture potentially can be adapted for antioxidant and polyphenolic production to satisfy pharmaceutical and nutraceutical needs while conserving wild L. pumila var. alata.

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