scholarly journals Europe, a continent with high potential for the cultivation of the Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum/uncinatum)

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Great Depth ◽  
Parent Rock ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Truffle Cultivation ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Parent Rocks ◽  
Burgundy Truffle ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The Burgundy truffle (<em>Tuber aestivum/uncinatum</em>) grows, in Europe, in the most varied soils from a physical and chemical viewpoint. The only common point is the presence of a minimum level of exchangeable calcium in the soil. The truffle soils in Europe can be classified in two categories: the soils coming directly from the parent rock, and those formed from deposits covering the parent rock. The first group corresponds to most traditional truffle areas , France, Italy and Spain. It is also true for some soils from Ireland to Eastern Europe (Romania, Bulgaria), from Southern Europe (Greece, former Yugoslavia) to Northern Europe (Sweden, Baltic countries). The sedimentary layers that cover most areas are from the secondary and tertiary era. The primary parent rocks are less frequent. The second group means quaternary or recent alluviums covering the parent rock on huge surfaces and at great depth sometimes. They characterize mainly countries Eastern and Northern Europe. By bringing within reason limestone, it is possible to cultivate <em>T. aestivum/uncinatum</em> on sedimentary soils non-calcareous or decalcified or even on soils issued from magmatic rocks (granite) or metamorphic (schists). The possibilities of truffle cultivation in Europe are therefore enormous, the limiting factors not being the soil but the climate.

scholarly journals Ectomycorrhizal communities in a Tuber aestivum Vittad. orchard in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Hilszczańska ◽  
Hanna Szmidla ◽  
Jakub Horak ◽  
Aleksandra Rosa-Gruszecka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Truffle Cultivation ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
Burgundy Truffle ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Communities

AbstractCultivation of the Burgundy truffle, Tuber aestivum Vittad., has become a new agricultural alternative in Poland. For rural economies, the concept of landscaping is often considerably more beneficial than conventional agriculture and promotes reforestation, as well as land-use stability. Considering examples from France, Italy, Hungary and Spain, truffle cultivation stimulates economic and social development of small, rural communities. Because there is no long tradition of truffle orchards in Poland, knowledge regarding the environmental factors regulating the formation of fruiting bodies of T. aestivum is limited. Thus, knowledge concerning ectomycorrhizal communities of T. aestivum host species is crucial to ensuring successful Burgundy truffle production. We investigated the persistence of T. aestivum ectomycorrhizae on roots of hazel (Corylus avellana L.) and oak (Quercus robur L.) and checked the host-species influence on community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The study was conducted in an experimental plantation located in eastern Poland and established in 2008. We demonstrated that the number of fungal taxa was not significantly different between oak and hazel. However, the species composition differed between these two host trees. During the three-year study, we observed that species richness did not increase with the age of the plantation.

scholarly journals Soil temperature and hydric potential influences the monthly variations of soil Tuber aestivum DNA in a highly productive orchard

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Todesco ◽  
Simone Belmondo ◽  
Yoann Guignet ◽  
Liam Laurent ◽  
Sandrine Fizzala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Burgundy Truffle ◽  
Monthly Variations ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Abstract Tuber aestivum, also known as the summer or Burgundy truffle, is an ectomycorrhizal Ascomycete associated with numerous trees and shrubs. Its life cycle occurs in the soil, and thus soil parameters such as temperature and water availability could influence it. T. aestivum cultivation has started in several countries, but ecological and agronomic requirements for the establishment and management of orchards are largely unknown. The aims of this work were: 1) to design a specific qPCR protocol using genomic data to trace and quantify T. aestivum DNA in the soil; and 2) to assess the monthly soil DNA dynamic according to soil parameters (i.e. soil hydric potential and temperature) in this orchard. The study was conducted in a highly productive T. aestivum orchard (hazels, oaks, pines, lime and hornbeam). The production started five years after the plantation and then increased exponentially to reach a maximum of 320 kg/ha in 2017. The soil hydric potential and temperature partially explained the monthly T. aestivum soil DNA variability. The data presented here offer new insights into T. aestivum ecology and cultivation.

scholarly journals Phosphorus requirements of some selected soil types in the Fiji sugarcane belt

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Goundar ◽  
R.J. Morrison ◽  
C. Togamana
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
P Leaching ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The availability of phosphorus (P) in soil is perceived to be one of the limiting factors to sustainable sugarcane production in Fiji. The main objective of this research was to ascertain the amount of bioavailable phosphorus in some Fiji sugarcane growing area soils; this will be valuable in improving the determination of the required amount of inorganic fertilizer to be applied to the soil. In this study, twelve different soils were selected from the sugarcane belt of Fiji and phosphorus buffer index (PBI) and phosphorus isotherm experiments were performed. Soil physical and chemical parameters were also measured and Pearson’s correlation tests used to identify patterns. It was found that Oxisols had the highest PBI values ranging from 134 to 170 while Inceptisols had the lowest ranging from 33 to 54. The PBI data followed a similar pattern to the generated isotherm curves of the different soil types. Most interest was in identifying soils with low PBIs as they have greater potential for P leaching through runoff into waterways. Clay content showed a strong positive correlation with PBI (R = 0.76, p ≤ 0.005). There is strong association with phosphorus fixation in soil with increasing levels of Al and Fe in the soil. Phosphorus availability and P fixation varied with soil types.

scholarly journals REFINEMENT OF THE INTERVAL WITH ABRUPT CATAGENETICAL ALTERATIONS OF THE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS IN SOME OIL AND GAS FIELDS IN DDB

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
O. Karpenko ◽  
O. Tunik
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Donets Basin ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
New Research ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The article elaborates on the topic about abrupt catagenetical alterations in sedimentary rocks and postulates the topicality and problematics of the study during exploration of new and already existing oil and gas deposits. The goal of the research is the identification of compacted zone which was formed under secondary physical and chemical processes within 110–120 temperature interval (including possible paleotemperature effect). To get the most qualitative/comprehensive results, integrated analysis of lithology, petrophysical characteristics of cored intervals in the slide sections and geological information has been done by the authors. Essential part of the article is devoted to the methodology, study description and interpretation of outcome results. Four gas condensate fields were chosen based on their similarity. They have similar tectonic, structural, generation and accumulation conditions and all of them are located in the axial and pre-axial zone of the central part of Dnieper-Donets basin. After well log data processing and precise microscopy study of slide sections, the authors concluded that 110–120 temperature surfaces, which frame compacted and altered zone (identified by the Ukrainian Research Institute of Gas), have to be shifted according to new research findings. Practical value of this work is to identify compacted and decompacted zones at a great depth, which can be an indirect indicator of traps existence for hydrocarbons and possible manifestations of abnormal pressures.

scholarly journals KAJIAN MINUS ONE TEST DAN KESUBURAN LAHAN PASIR UNTUK BUDIDAYA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sutardi ,
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Complete Fertilizer ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>Soil Fertilyty and Minus One Test of Sandy Land For Shallot. Besides to prove the potential of N, P and K nutrients as limiting factors for shallot plants, the objectives of this research was to find out physical characteristics and fertility in sandy land (soils) in Bantul, Kulon Progo district, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Research was carried out in two stages. The first stage was survey and analysis of sandy land in Bantul and Kulon Progo by the age of<br />amelioration. Survey techniques was based on four age ameliorations of sandy soil. The second stage was conducted using complete randomized block design sigle factor. The second was minus one test of N, P and K consists of five treatments: 1 .TP = no fertilizer (control), 2. PK (-N) = complete fertilizer without N, 3. NK (-P) = complete fertilizer<br />without P, 4.NP (-K) = complete fertilizer without K and 5. NPK = complete fertilizer. The results showed that the introduction of amelioration techniques changed and improved soil different changes in physical and chemical of sandy land. Ameliorant addition into the planting media had positive with the percentage change in silt (0.55-2.37%) and clay (0.45-0.51%) increasing significantly, followed by levels P2O5 and lowerring the sand (1.05-2.07%). The result of minus one test fertilizer on sandy land for the shallot that fertilizer N become the main limiting factor P and K light whereas P and K nutrients were the limiting factor on sandy land for shallot. </p><p>Keywords: Ameliorant, sandy land, shallot</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Tujuan penelitian untuk membuktikan bahwa hara N, P, dan K faktor pembatas untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah pada lahan pasir pantai. Disamping itu juga mengetahui perubahan sifat fisik dan kimia tanah lahan pasir pantai pada berbagai blok dengan umur penggunaan lahan yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dua tahap yaitu pertama survei dan analisis tanah lahan pasir di Kabupaten Bantul dan Kulon Progo D.I. Yogyakarta berdasarkan umur ameliorasi. Penelitian kedua mengetahui faktor pembatas menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) faktor tunggal. Perlakuan minus one test hara N, P dan K terdiri dari lima perlakuan: 1. TP = tanpa pupuk<br />(kontrol), 2. PK (-N) = pupuk lengkap kurang N, 3. NK (-P) = pupuk lengkap kurang P, 4. NP (-K) pupuk lengkap kurang K dan 5. NPK pupuk lengkap diulang 5 kali. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan lahan pasir dengan input bahan amelioran terjadi perubahan sifat fisik dan kimia sehingga kesuburan lahan meningkat. Peningkatan<br />tersebut karena terjadi perubahan persentase fraksi debu (0,55-2,37%) dan (0,45-0,51%) liat meningkat diikuti kadar hara P2O5, menurunkan fraksi pasir (1,05-2,07%) secara nyata. Hara N menjadi faktor pembatas utama, sedangkan K dan P merupakan pembatas ringan pada lahan pasir untuk bawang merah.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Amelioran, lahan pasir, bawang merah</p>

scholarly journals A retrospective assessment of temperature trends in northern Europe reveals a deep impact on the life cycle of Ixodes ricinus (Acarina: Ixodidae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustin Estrada-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Deep Impact ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Accumulated Temperature

1. AbstractThis study modelled the changes in the development processes of the health-threatening tick Ixodes acinus in northern Europe as driven by the trends of temperature (1950-2016). I used the ECA&D dataset of temperature interpolated at a resolution of 0.25o as the base data for further calculations, which were based on a previously developed process-driven model of the tick. I used the annual accumulated temperature in the period 1950-2016 to obtain the development rates of the oviposition, incubation, larva-nymph, and nymph-adult molts. Annual values were used to ascertain the trend in development rates of each stage. The ecological division of northern Europe (LANMAP2) was used to summarize results along large regions. The temperature in the years 1950-2016 clearly increased in every area of the target territory. The largest increase was observed for a wide territory eastern to Baltic countries, north-eastern Sweden and northern Finland. The development rates of every tested life cycle process had a trend to being faster throughout the time series. Moderate to high increase of the oviposition rates (70%-100% faster) resulted in central Sweden, Baltic countries, parts of Finland, and adjacent territories of Russia. Faster (70%-90%) incubation and molting rates were consistently observed in the same territories and also in large areas of western Norway. The trend of temperature in the period 1950-2016 shows a consistent inflection point around the year 1990, when the slope of the time series of temperature drastically rose. A comparison between 1950-1990 and 1991-2016 demonstrated that annual accumulated temperature was 86% and 26% higher in the Alpine regions, 7%-8% in the Atlantic and 157%, 10% and 16% in Boreal, Continental, and Nemoral regions, respectively. It is concluded that (i) accumulated annual temperature is clearly increasing in the studied territory, (ii) changes were larger since approximately the year 1990, and (iii) these changes have a deep impact on the life cycle of the tick I. ricinus. Faster development rates could be part of the processes driving the reported spread of the tick in the target area and should be considered as a serious thread to human health.

scholarly journals Content of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs) in soils of the North-West region of Russia formed on three types of soil forming rocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 09018
Author(s):  
Elena Mingareeva ◽  
Boris Aparin ◽  
Elena Sukhacheva ◽  
Natalia Sanzharova ◽  
Evgeny Shevchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Parent Rock ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
Physical Clay ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Parent Rocks

The results of a study of the content of natural radionuclides (NR) (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) and technogenic 137Cs in soil samples formed on the most common types of soil-forming rocks of the North-West: lakeglacial (non-boulder and tape clay), glacial and water-glacial deposits are presented. Soil sections laid in the Pskov, Novgorod and Leningrad regions. The granulometric composition in the upper part of the soil profile is lighter than in the parent rock. This is reflected in the NR content in the profile of these soils: with a decrease in the fractions of physical clay and silt, the content of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K decreases. This is due to the fixation of natural radionuclides by secondary clay minerals. According to the increase in the average specific activity of all NRs, the soils form the following sequence: soils on water-glacial deposits soils on moraines - soils on lake-glacial deposits. A comparison of the average specific activity of natural radionuclides and their ranges in the upper part of the soil (0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm) and in the parent rock (90-100 cm) revealed a higher content of radionuclides in parent rocks (lake-glacial and moraine deposits). In the soils on water-glacial deposits, no significant difference was found.

Ribosomal DNA polymorphisms reveal genetic structure and a phylogeographic pattern in the Burgundy truffle Tuber aestivum Vittad.

Mycologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Riccioni ◽  
Andrea Rubini ◽  
Aziz Türkoğlu ◽  
Beatrice Belfiori ◽  
Francesco Paolocci
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Phylogeographic Pattern ◽  
Burgundy Truffle

scholarly journals A Retrospective Assessment of Temperature Trends in Northern Europe Reveals a Deep Impact on the Life Cycle of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Agustin Estrada-Peña ◽  
Natalia Fernández-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Development Rates ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Accumulated Temperature ◽  
Faster Development

This study modelled the changes in the development processes of the health-threatening tick Ixodes ricinus in Northern Europe as driven by the trends of temperature (1950–2018). We used the ECA&D dataset to calculate the annual accumulated temperature to obtain the development rates of the oviposition, incubation, larva–nymph, and nymph–adult molts. Annual values were used to ascertain the trend in development rates of each stage. The ecological classification of Northern Europe (LANMAP2) was used to summarize results. The temperature in 1950–2018 clearly increased in the target territory. The development rates of every tested life cycle process were faster along the time series. Faster oviposition and incubation rates resulted in central Sweden, Baltic countries, and parts of Finland. Faster molting rates were observed in the same territories and in large areas of Western Norway. The trend of temperature in the period 1950–2018 shows a consistent inflection point around 1990, demonstrating that the increased annual accumulated temperature has a deeper impact on the life cycle of I. ricinus since approximately 1990. Faster development rates could be part of the processes driving the reported spread of the tick in the target area and should be considered as a serious threat to human health.

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