scholarly journals Experimental study of embryo differentiation in angiosperms

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Batygina ◽  
V. E. Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Morphogenetic Potential

By comparison of peony and lotus embryos in <em>in vitro</em> culture we established differences in their morphogenetic potential. We traced in peony embryo culture: embryogenesis, embryoidogenesis, organogenesis and histogenesis, whereas the lotus embryo enhibited only one pathway of development - embryogenesis. At the critical stage the embryo becomes independent of the maternal organism, i.e, self-sufficient. Self-sufficiency of the lotus embryo on the 4O-11th day after pollination correlates with development and greening of the first -lead in the plumule, with a sharp increase in embryo dry weight and content of carbohydrates, decrease in the size of the endosperm, degeneration of the inner integument, appearance of starch in the embryo and ovary walls an Increase of its content in the outer integument.

scholarly journals IN VITRO CULTURE OF IMMATURE TAXUS EMBRYOS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 698d-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-yeh Hu ◽  
Lee Wang ◽  
Bernard Wu
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Taxol Production ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Mature Seeds

Embryo culture can by-pass yew (Taxus) seed dormancy and produce large population of seedlings to be screened for the anticancer drug, taxol, production. Immature linear embryos from seeds of T. baccata, T. brevifolia. T. cuspidata, and T. media were dissected and cultured. B5 medium supported the best embryonic growth during the initial two week's culture for T. cuspidata and T. baccata. T. brevifolia grew faster on MS medium. Weak embryo dormancy was encountered in T. brevifolia and T. cuspidata from the mature seeds but not from the immature ones. No embryonic growth had been observed in T. media dissected from mature seeds due to strong dormancy. Developing embryos were subsequently transferred to 1/2X B5 medium for germination. Rooting percentage in the mature seed derived T. brevifolia embryos increased from 12.5 to 63.6 when 30 μM GA3 was added to the initial medium. Several hundreds of seedlings of T. baccata. T. brevifolia and T. cuspidata had been acclimatized to the greenhouse conditions. The taxol content of resultant T. cuspidata seedlings was 0.027% (dry weight), while that of T. brevifolia obtained from the wild twig was 0.030%.

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS - A TOOL FOR CREATING NEW FLAX GENOTYPES RESISTANT TO ANTHRACNOSE

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Cell Selection ◽  
Morphogenic Callus ◽  
Morphogenetic Potential ◽  
Regenerant Plants

The purpose of this research was to create new flax genotypes resistant to anthracnose using biotechnological techniques and methods. As a result of studies with using a culture of immature embryos and a selective medium, flax regenerant plants resistant to the culture filtrate (CF) of the fungus - anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum lini Manns et Bolley and line 21 resistant to this pathogen were obtained. A scheme for differentiating flax genotypes in vitro by resistance to anthracnose has been developed. It was established that upon cultivation of immature embryos on Sh-2 medium containing CF of the fungus, the causative agent of anthracnose, of a mixture of strains 680, 677 * 674, 674 * at a concentration of 36.0 ml / l, the amount of morphogenic callus formed in the first and second passages, expressed in percent, and the indicator of the field resistance of this genotype to anthracnosis on an artificial infectious-provocative background was close in value, and the number of morphogenic callus formed in the first and second passages can be used to judge the resistance of the studied genotypes to ant cancer and differentiate them by resistance to this pathogen. The influence of the flax genotype on the potency of cells to morphogenesis under selective conditions was revealed. Cells of genotypes L 957-8-7, Alexim, Punjab, Zaryanka had high morphogenetic activity. The morphogenetic potential of genotypes L 1506-8-4, Rosinka has already been exhausted by 2 ... 3 passages. It was found that biotechnological methods: cell selection in vitro, embryo culture are effective in creating genotypes of flax, more resistant to anthracnose than original forms.

scholarly journals Embryo culture in vitro in the experimental evaluation of drought resistance in cereals (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(26) ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
N.N. Kruglova ◽  
◽  
O.A. Seldimirova ◽  
A.E. Zinatullina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Culture In Vitro ◽  
Relative Autonomy ◽  
Stage Of Development

Drought is an unfavorable combination of meteorological conditions when plants experience a long-term water deficiency both in the air and soil. This is one of the most common abiotic stressors, which leads not only to significant crop losses but also rises threat to food security. Researchers are actively developing ways to breed drought-tolerant cultivars of economically valuable crops, especially cereals – the main food resource. One of the promising areas of biotechnological evaluation of the resistance of existing and newly created cereal genotypes to drought for breeding purposes is the use of culture in vitro. In this case, embryos at the particular stage of development are used as explants (so-called embryo culture in vitro). The review aims to analyze the literature and own data on the production of cereal regenerants in embryo culture in vitro under selective experimental conditions of imitation of physiological drought. It has been shown that in vitro cultivation of immature embryos at a critical stage of relative autonomy is especially promising. This kind of embryo does not depend on the physiological factors of the maternal organism and can autonomously give rise to the fully developed plant under adequate conditions in vitro and later ex vitro. This allows the biotechnologist to obtain regenerants directly, excluding an additional time-consuming stage of the formation of morphogenic calli in vitro. As follows, the time required for expensive experiments is also reduced. Data on the identification of the critical stage of the relative autonomy of the cereal embryogenesis are presented. Criterion (proposed by the authors) for identifying this stage by the ability of the embryos to complete embryogenesis and form the seedlings on a hormone-free medium in vitro and give rise to the full developed regenerants ex vitro has been analyzed. Furthermore, the analysis of the laboratory germination of the obtained caryopses was carried out. It was discovered that in spring soft wheat, for example, such stage, corresponding to the formation of all organs in the embryo, occurs 15 days after pollination. The issues of using relatively autonomous embryos in the biotechnological assessment of the genotype drought resistance under selective conditions in vitro are considered.

scholarly journals Improvement of Peach Embryo Culture Through Manipulation of Carbohydrate Source and pH

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Sinclair ◽  
David H. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ph Stability ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fructose 2

Carbohydrate source of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] embryo culture media affects embryo growth and survival. The first objective of this study was to determine the effect of five carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, maltose, sorbitol, and sucrose) in Woody Plant Medium (WPM) on the germination and survival of peach embryos in vitro. Fructose, glucose, maltose, and sucrose in WPM resulted in better embryo germination and survival than sorbitol. Fructose (2% and 3%) produced greater survival than all other carbohydrates tested in smaller embryos (<10% ovule dry weight). However, sucrose was better than all other carbohydrates tested in the larger embryos (≥10% ovule dry weight). In addition, large embryos (>10% ovule dry weight) on fructose at 1% combined with glucose, maltose, sorbitol, or sucrose at 1% had equivalent or higher survival than did those on either 1% or 2% sucrose in conjunction with the same carbohydrates. Embryo survival on different carbohydrates varied with genotype. The second objective of this study was to determine the effect of three levels of MES buffer (0.0 mm, 4.5 mm, and 9.0 mm) on medium pH stability and embryo survival. MES buffer at 0.0 mm and 4.5 mm concentration produced significantly better embryo survival than 9.0 mm. The pH stability was better at MES 9.0 mm, however survival decreased significantly. Chemical name used: [2-(N-morpholino)-ethane sulphonic acid] (MES)

Effect of the endophytic plant growth promoting Enterobacter ludwigii EB4B on tomato growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.A. Bendaha ◽  
H.A. Belaouni
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Enterobacter Ludwigii ◽  
Tomato Growth

SummaryThis study aims to develop a biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) in tomato. For this, a set of 23 bacterial endophytic isolates has been screened for their ability to inhibit in vitro the growth of FORL using the dual plate assay. Three isolates with the most sound antagonistic activity to FORL have been qualitatively screened for siderophore production, phosphates solubilization and indolic acetic acid (IAA) synthesis as growth promotion traits. Antagonistic values of the three candidates against FORL were respectively: 51.51 % (EB4B), 51.18 % (EB22K) and 41.40 % (EB2A). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates EB4B and EB22K were closely related to Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119, while the strain EB2A has been assigned to Leclercia adecarboxylata NBRC 102595. The promotion of tomato growth has been assessed in vitro using the strains EB2A, EB4B and EB22K in presence of the phytopathogen FORL. The treatments with the selected isolates increased significantly the root length and dry weight. Best results were observed in isolate EB4B in terms of growth promotion in the absence of FORL, improving 326.60 % of the root length and 142.70 % of plant dry weight if compared with untreated controls. In the presence of FORL, the strain EB4B improved both root length (180.81 %) and plant dry weight (202.15 %). These results encourage further characterization of the observed beneficial effect of Enterobacter sp. EB4B for a possible use as biofertilizer and biocontrol agent against FORL.

Research of carbohydrate type influence on Lonicera caerulea l. Morphogenetic potential in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
N. D. Orlova ◽  
D. A. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Multiplication Factor ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Clonal Micropropagation ◽  
Morphogenetic Potential

The clonal micropropagation technique of valuable Lonicera caerulea L. varieties (Indigo Gem, Moskovskaya 23, Diana, Jugana) has been improved. The effect of various types and concentrations of carbohydrates on microshoots regeneration of the genus Lonicera L. representatives was studied. It is shown that the concentration of carbohydrates has the greatest effect on microshoots height and the type of carbohydrate nutrition has the greatest effect on multiplication factor. The type of carbohydrate nutrition (42 %) had the greatest influence on multiplication factor. Peculiarities of varieties, genetic characteristics interaction, carbohydrate nutrition type and concentration had a lesser effect (20 %, 14 % and 11 % respectively). The variety Moskovskaya 23 was characterized by the highest microshoots number (49.6 mm). The highest multiplication factor in the studied varieties, regardless of the type of carbohydrate nutrition, was observed at concentration of 40 g/l (11.57).

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