scholarly journals Antifungal properties of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedling homogenates

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kozłowski ◽  
Jean P. Métraux
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Seed Coats

The presence of antimicrobials in root, hypocotyl and cotyledon homogenates of Norway spruce was studied using in vitro assays with soil-borne pathogens. For the studies presented here Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em> (L.) Karst.) as a typical host and forest tree and <em>Pythium</em> as a typical soil-bome pathogen were used. The highly virulent species <em>Pythium ultimum</em> and the less virulent species <em>Pythium irregulare</em> were chosen for all experiments. They are both the causal agents of damping-off disease, which can affect plants at a very early stage. The strongest antimicrobial effect was observed using medium prepared from older seedlings and containing extracts from cotyledons. The influence of various treatments on antimicrobials accumulation in spruce extracts was also tested. Seed coat shedding was observed to affect mortality of <em>Picea abies</em> seedlings infected by <em>Pythium</em>. Seedlings which had shed their seed coats were more resistant to <em>Pythium</em> attack. This phenomenon could be correlated with antimicrobial production in well developed cotyledons.

Reconstitution of a lost forest tree population: A case study of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 255 (7) ◽  
pp. 2103-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chałupka ◽  
L. Mejnartowicz ◽  
A. Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Tree Population

Parasitism of oospores of Pythium spp. by strains of Actinoplanes spp.

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 964-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Khan ◽  
A. B. Filonow ◽  
L. L. Singleton ◽  
M. E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Pythium Myriotylum ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Pythium Arrhenomanes ◽  
Parasite Specificity ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
First Time

Strains of Actinoplanes spp. were evaluated for their in vitro parasitism of oospores of Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium arrhenomanes, Pythium irregulare, Pythium myriotylum, and Pythium ultimum. Oospores of Pythium arrhenomanes, Pythium irregulare, and Pythium myriotylum were identified for the first time as hosts of Actinoplanes spp. Newly recorded parasites of oospores of Pythium spp. were Actinoplanes azureus, Actinoplanes brasiliensis, Actinoplanes caeruleus, Actinoplanes ferrugineus, Actinoplanes ianthinogenes, Actinoplanes italicus, Actinoplanes minutisporangius, Actinoplanes rectilineatus, Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, Actinoplanes utahensis, Actinoplanes violaceous, Actinoplanes yunnahenis, plus 15 strains of Actinoplanes yet to be speciated. Parasitized oospores had disorganized cytoplasms and hyphae of Actinoplanes sp. emerging from them. Infection of oospores in vitro varied from 0 to > 90%. Strains also were very active parasites of oospores in sterile soils. When added to nonsterile soils, several strains increased (p = 0.05) the level of oospore parasitism compared with nonsupplemented soils. Strains of Actinoplanes spp. exhibited a host specificity for species of Pythium in vitro and in soil. Sporulation of Actinoplanes sp. from infected oospores incubated on soil was frequent and more abundant than that observed in vitro.Key words: Pythium spp., Actinoplanes spp., actinomycetes, biological control, host–parasite specificity.

In vitro fungistatic effects of natural coniferous resin from Norway spruce (Picea abies)

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1783-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rautio ◽  
A. Sipponen ◽  
J. Lohi ◽  
K. Lounatmaa ◽  
P. Koukila-Kähkölä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce

scholarly journals FUNGICIDAL PROPERTIES OF GARLIC EXTRACT IN Sphagnum PEAT- AND SAND-BASED SUBSTRATES

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 880a-880
Author(s):  
Ramsey Sealy ◽  
Michael R. Evans ◽  
Craig Rothrock
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Cornmeal Agar

Growth of Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium ultimum, Pythium irregulare, Phytophthora nicoctianae, Phytophthora cinnomomi, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Thielaviopsis basicoli was inhibited in vitro when grown in a clarified V-8 nutrient solution containing 10% garlic extract. After exposure to 10% garlic extract for 3 days, all fungi and fungal-like organisms failed to grow after being washed and transferred to fresh cornmeal agar nutrient medium without garlic extract. When Sphagnum peat was inoculated with P. aphanidermatum and drenched with solutions containing varying concentrations of garlic extract, a single drench of 35% garlic extract or two drenches of 15% garlic extract were required to rid the substrate of viable P. aphanidermatum. In sand, a single application of 25% garlic extract or two applications of 10% garlic extract were required to rid the sand of viable P. aphanidermatum Thus, Sphagnum peat appeared to partially inactivate the components in garlic and did so to a greater extent than sand. Therefore, efficacy of garlic extract as a soil drench fungicide will be affected by the type of substrate or soil to which the garlic extract is applied.

scholarly journals Osteostat/Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily 18 Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Is Selectively Expressed by Vascular Endothelial Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardetta Nardelli ◽  
Liubov Zaritskaya ◽  
William McAuliffe ◽  
Yansong Ni ◽  
Clint Lincoln ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Tnf Superfamily ◽  
And Function

Vascular endothelial cells (EC) participate in the process of bone formation through the production of factors regulating osteoclast differentiation and function. In this study, we report the selective expression in primary human microvascular EC of Osteostat/TNF superfamily 18, a ligand of the TNF superfamily. Osteostat protein is detectable in human microvascular EC and is highly up-regulated by IFN-α and IFN-β. Moreover, an anti-Osteostat antibody strongly binds to the vascular endothelium in human tissues, demonstrating that the protein is present in the EC layers surrounding blood vessels. Functional in vitro assays were used to define Osteostat involvement in osteoclastogenesis. Both recombinant and membrane-bound Osteostat inhibit differentiation of osteoclasts from monocytic precursor cells. Osteostat suppresses the early stage of osteoclastogenesis via inhibition of macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) expression in the osteoclast precursor cells. This effect appears to be specific for the differentiation pathway of the osteoclast lineage, because Osteostat does not inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced RANK expression in monocytes and dendritic cells, or activation-induced RANK expression in T cells. These findings demonstrate that Osteostat is a novel regulator of osteoclast generation and substantiate the major role played by the endothelium in bone physiology.

scholarly journals Biological Activities of Extracts from Different Parts of Cryptomeria japonica

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Horiba ◽  
Toshinori Nakagawa ◽  
Qinchang Zhu ◽  
Ahmed Ashour ◽  
Atsushi Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Melanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Male Flowers

Cryptomeria japonica is one of the most important forest tree species in Japan. To increase the demand for domestic timber, broad uses related to the functional attributes of C. japonica must be developed. Several studies have examined the usefulness of C. japonica in terms of its biological activities, but a comprehensive study subjecting all parts of the C. japonica plant to the same solvent for extraction has not been done. Here, methanol extractions from the leaves, branches, bearing branches, male flowers, female flowers, cones, bark, heartwood, sapwood, pith, rhizomes, roots, and pollen were subjected to several in vitro assays of their biological activities such as antioxidant activity, anti-lipase activity, antibacterial activity and melanin-biosynthesis-inhibition activity. Their total phenolic content was also determined. The methanol extracts from each part of C. japonica except for pollen showed strong activities in the bioactivity assays. Furthermore, the methanol extracts were analyzed by GC/MS. The phytochemical profile varied among extracts from various parts of C. japonica. Our results suggest the great potential of C. japonica for use as a functional ingredient in health-related products.

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