scholarly journals Intraspecific differentiation of Reed Grass Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth (Poaceae) populations revealed by peroxidase allozymes

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Maria Krzakowa ◽  
Zbigniew Celka
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Interpopulation Variability ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Variability Level ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Geographic Regions

The genetic Variation of Reed Grass <em>Calamagrostis arundinacea</em> (L.) Roth was investigated in 25 populations in various geographic regions of Poland. A total of 907 individuals were sampled for electrophoretic analysis of peroxidase loci (11 allozymes). Populations were characterised by genetic parameters e.g. heterozygosity level, Wright's fixation index (F) and polymorphism coefficient (Pg). Mean values of interpopulation variability level (GST=0.0310), total genetic diversity (HT=0.4102) and gene flow between populations (Nm=7.805) were also examined. All the populations were polymorphic and they remain in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

scholarly journals SSR Based Genetic Diversity Analysis in Diploid Algaroba (Prosopis spp.) Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Lívia S. Freitas ◽  
Cláusio A. F. Melo ◽  
Fernanda A. Gaiotto ◽  
Ronan X. Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Tetraploid Level ◽  
Diploid Level ◽  
Multiple Cells

Algaroba (Prosopis palida and Prosopis juliflora species) provides important environmental and economic benefits for semi-arid regions of the world. These are resistant to drought, and its fruits are used in the manufacture of flour and algarobina syrup. In the present study, the chromosome number, the ploidy level, and the genetic diversity based on 40 microsatellite loci of Prosopis spp. were determined in samples of a Brazilian algaroba population. The cytogenetic analysis in the metaphase showed only diploid individuals (2n = 28), with multiple cells featuring two CMA3/DAPI- heterochromatic blocks suggesting diploid level. However, polysomatism was found by the presence of some cells with four CMA3/DAPI- blocks, showing the tetraploid level just in some somatic cells. Among all of the primers tested for cross-amplification in algaroba, 22 were selected to characterize the samples. Thirteen loci revealed allele polymorphisms in the population and are recommended for future population studies and genetic improvement. The mean values of the analyzes showed low genetic diversity (two alleles per locus and HE = 0.181), reflecting the history of the introduction of algaroba in this sampled locality, and suggesting the genetic bottleneck and probable events of founders, as well as the characteristics of the species of this genera. However, amplified loci indicated low inbreeding (allelic fixation index of -0.007), although heterozygosis was higher than expected by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Therefore, this algaroba population is formed by diploid individuals and adjusts to the tendency of low number of alleles per locus SSR commonly observed in different species of Prosopis.

Chloroplast DNA diversity of Douglas-fir in British Columbia

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1824-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bundit Ponoy ◽  
Yong-Pyo Hong ◽  
Jack Woods ◽  
Barry Jaquish ◽  
John E. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Hybridization Probes ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cpdna Diversity ◽  
Geographic Regions

The level of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) diversity was estimated among individuals, populations, and geographic regions of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in British Columbia by analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) from 18 populations covering the three geographic regions (coast, transition zone, and interior). Four sets of pooled probes, consisting of four to eight cpDNA clones from lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud.), were used as hybridization probes for RFLP analysis. Thirty cpDNA restriction fragments out of a total of 175 observed fragments were detected to be polymorphic in all four sets of hybridization probes. Sixteen haplotypes were characterized among all of the Douglas-fir populations. The transition region showed the highest level of total genetic diversity (0.853) and genetic diversity within populations (0.762) of the three regions. The highest degree of population differentiation was found in the interior region (0.193). A higher proportion of the genetic diversity was allocated within populations than among populations in all three regions. Only 11–19% (mean 14.6%) of the total genetic diversity within geographic regions is due to interpopulation genetic diversities. The distribution of cpDNA diversity in sampled B.C. Douglas-fir is concordant with a typical pattern for long-lived woody species as observed in allozyme studies.

Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Phebalium daviesii (Rutaceae) Compared to That in Two Widespread Congeners

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJJ Lynch ◽  
RE Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Bottleneck ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Ecological Habitat ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
High Level ◽  
Adult Plants

Genetic diversity in the rare and endangered Phebalium daviesii was compared to that in P. squamulosum subsp. squamulosum and P. glandulosum subsp. glandulosum using allozyme analysis. Phebalium daviesii was once presumed extinct, but 43 adult plants have so far been rediscovered. Phebalium squamulosum subsp. squamulosum and P. glandulosum subsp. glandulosum are widespread in the south-eastern part of the Australian mainland. Morphologically, these two taxa are the closest relatives of P. daviesii and share a similarity with P. daviesii in their ecological habitat. The level of genetic diversity and deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equiibrium were investigated using allozyme data with 18 enzyme systems. Nei's total genetic diversity, the proportion of polymorphic loci and the average number of alleles per locus were all slightly lower in P. daviesii than in P. squamulosum subsp. squamulosum and P. glandulosum subsp. glandulosum. Deviations from expected Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were present in all three taxa and were more frequent in P. glandulosum subsp. glandulosum. This suggests that inbreeding may be occurring in all three Phebalium taxa and that P. daviesii does not suffer from increased inbreeding due to rarity. Phebalium daviesii has a high level of genetic diversity (Ht = 0.30) for such a rare species and should be able to recover from its population bottleneck with appropriate management.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of migratory fish populations of the Rio Grande Reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Nelson Mauricio Lopera-Barrero ◽  
Felipe Pinheiro de Souza ◽  
Ed Christian Suzuki de Lima ◽  
Angela Maria Urrea-Rojas ◽  
Pedro Luiz de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Infinite Allele Model ◽  
Prochilodus Lineatus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Hydroelectric Plants ◽  
Species Being

In recent years, anthropogenic factors such as pollution, overfishing, and construction of hydroelectric plants have significantly impacted natural fish populations. Research focusing on genetically evaluation of these impacts is necessary to objectively target conservation programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Curimba (Prochilodus lineatus), Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), and Piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus) populations from the Água Vermelha Reservoir, Rio Grande-SP. Microsatellite loci were amplified, producing 56, 24, and 26 alleles for the populations of the three species, respectively. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to ten for P. lineatus, two to five for P. mesopotamicus, and two to four for B. orbignyanus. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) was higher in the P. lineatus population (0.547), relative to the P. mesopotamicus and B. orbignyanus populations (0.473 and 0.527, respectively). The mean values of Ho were lower than the average expected heterozygosity (He) in the three species, being corroborated by the positive inbreeding coefficient (Fis). Deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were found in five, three, and two loci for P. lineatus, P. mesopotamicus, and B. orbignyanus, respectively. Wilcoxon tests revealed recent bottlenecks in the three species, evidenced by a significant excess of heterozygotes (p < 0.05) detected only in the Infinite Allele Model (IAM). In conclusion, adequate genetic variability was observed in the three populations with the presence of heterozygous deficits.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellites For The Endangered Endemic Tree Nothofagus Alessandrii (Nothofagaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Torres-Díaz ◽  
Moisés A. Valladares ◽  
Marco A. Molina-Montenegro ◽  
Freddy Mora-Poblete
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pooled Sample

Abstract Nothofagus alessandrii (Nothofagaceae) is one of the most endangered trees from Chile. Despite its conservation status, few molecular markers are available to study its population genetic, connectivity and to assist reproduction programs. Novel polymorphic microsatellites from the genome of N. alessandrii were isolated and characterized using high-through sequencing. A total of 30 primer pairs were synthesized and 18 microsatellites were amplified correctly. Polymorphism and genetic diversity was evaluated in 58 individuals from three populations of N. alessandrii. Sixteen of them were polymorphic and the number of alleles in the pooled sample ranged from 2 to 14, the mean number of alleles was 4.81. The mean values of observed heterozigosity (HO) and excepted heterozygosity (HE) of the Chanco population were 0.392 and 0.383. The mean values of HO and HE in the population of Empedrado (0.397 and 0.360, respectively) and Fundo el Desprecio (0.397 and 0.395, respectively) were similar. Linkage disequilibrium was found in a few pairs of loci suggesting that most of the markers can be considered as independent. Significant deviations from Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05) were found in several loci probably due to low sampling size. Transferability to the congeneric N. pumilio was successful in only four out of the sixteen polymorphic markers. The microsatellite markers developed in this study will be useful to study the genetic diversity and structure and to develop integrated managements plans for the conservation on this endangered species.

Assessing genetic diversity in three wild Brachymystax lenok populations using AFLP markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Wang Di ◽  
Li Shao-Wu ◽  
Xu Ge-Feng ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Mou Zhen-Bo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Brachymystax Lenok ◽  
Northeast Of China

AbstractThe genetic diversities of 72 individuals from three wild Lenok populations of Mudanjiang River (MD), Yalujiang River (YL) and Wusulijiang River (WSL) in the northeast of China were analysed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The results showed that 541 polymorphic loci out of 559 were amplified by 12 primer pairs and the percentage of polymorphic loci was 96.78%. Shannon indices for the MD, YL and WSL populations were 0.3988±0.2913, 0.3254±0.3037, 0.2125±0.2862, respectively, and Nei's gene diversity indices were 0.2737±0.2062, 0.2229±0.2129, 0.1446±0.1985, respectively. The average total genetic diversity (Ht) was 0.3512±0.0.0208 and the average genetic diversity within populations (Hs) was 0.2137±0.0152. Among the three populations, the average genetic distance (Dst) was 0.1375 and the gene differentiation coefficient (Gst) was 0.3914. The genetic diversity was 60.85% within populations and 39.15% among populations. The gene flow index (Nm) was 0.7776. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the average fixation index (Fst) was 0.55336. The variance was 55.16% within populations and 44.84% among populations. The highest polymorphism ratio was in the MD group and the lowest in the WSL group.

β-lactoglobulin variability in Argentinian Holstein cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
A. G. BONVILLANI ◽  
M. A. DI RENZO ◽  
A. MONTILLA ◽  
I. N. TIRANTI
Keyword(s):  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Great Homogeneity ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

To determine the genetic variability and population structure of the β-lactoglobulin (LGB) locus in the Argentinian Holstein breed, milk samples from 12 herds at four locations in Córdoba, Argentina, were analysed. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of LGB variants were compared by contingency tables. A G-test was applied to detect Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. LGB A allele frequency was 0·43 and B allele frequency was 0·57. Allelic and genotypic frequencies indicated great homogeneity among populations. Most of the populations were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. According to the fixation index, populations were panmictics. The partition of the F-statistic demonstrated that mating was at random, although there was a slight excess of heterozygotes, and there were no genetic differences among populations. The Shannon–Weaver index showed that more than 96% of the total genetic diversity for this locus is attributable to the differences within each herd. The diversity among herds within locations and among locations accounted for <4% of the total variation. Phenograms obtained by the Nei procedure for genetic distances disclosed the separation of the herds into two groups, one with an average frequency of LGB B of 0·61 and the other with an LGB B frequency of 0·53. Locations defined two clusters, but the divergence among populations was not important. These results indicated that the Argentinian Holstein breed from Córdoba constitutes one population.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Iranian dromedaries using microsatellite markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi ◽  
Mehrdad Ghasemi Meymandi ◽  
Mahdieh Montazeri ◽  
Volodymyr Afanasenko ◽  
Oleksandr Kalashnyk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
The North ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Future Direction

Considering the importance of maintaining the genetic diversity in native animals, this study conducted to analyse genetic diversity in dromedary populations in the north of Kerman province, Iran, using eight autosomal microsatellite markers. Eighty-one blood samples were collected from five different populations and DNA was extracted. The highest and the lowest allele number and effective alleles were shown in YWLL08 (21 and 4) and VOLP32 (14.97 and 3.11), respectively. The expected heterozygosity varied from 0.778 in Sahra-e Jahad population to 0.847 in Nogh population. The test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed significant deviations in most loci. The mean multilocus FST value (0.057) suggested that differentiation is moderate between populations. From total genetic diversity, only 6% were due to differentiation among populations, while the remaining 94% corresponded to differences among individuals within each population. The results of the current study indicated that the Camelus dromedarius populations in the north of Kerman province have a relativity high genetic variation and the data could be useful for designing the breeding strategies and conservation. The degree of variability demonstrated implies that studied populations are rich reservoirs of genetic diversity that must be preserved. A future direction to our study can be studying all of the Iranian Camelus dromedarius populations to better evaluate the level of inbreeding and establish the appropriate conservation strategies aimed to avoid losses of genetic diversity.

GENETIC DIVERSITY IN BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranean) AS REVEALED BY MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF THE SEEDS’ PROTEINS

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
A. J. Oludare ◽  
J. I. Kioko ◽  
A. A. Akeem ◽  
A. T. Olumide ◽  
K. R. Justina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Protein Characterization ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
National Centre ◽  
Standard Marker

Nine accessions of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.,syn. Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thouars ex DC.)  obtained from National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan, Oyo state, were assessed for their genetic and phylogenetic relatedness through electrophoretic analysis of the seed proteins. 0.2g of the seeds were weighed and macerated with mortar and pestle in 0.2M phosphate buffer containing 0.133M of acid (NaH2PO4) and 0.067 of base (Na2HPO4) at pH 6.5. Protein characterization with standard marker revealed that the seeds of the nine accessions contained proteins (B.S.A, Oval Albumin, Pepsinogen, Trypsinogen and Lysozyme) with molecular weights ranging from 66kda and above, 45 – 65 kDa, 44 – 33 kda, 32-24 kDa and 23-14 kDa, respectively. The student T-test revealed that accessions B, C, E, F, H and I have molecular weights not significantly different from one another (P<0.05) while samples A, D and G showed significantly different values (P>0.05). All the accessions had at least two proteins and two major bands in common. The study revealed intra-specific similarities and genetic diversity in protein contents among the nine accessions of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterraranea (L.) Verdc.syn

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) accessions in a Thailand collection using SNP markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grimar Abdiel Perez ◽  
Pumipat Tongyoo ◽  
Julapark Chunwongse ◽  
Hans de Jong ◽  
Anucha Wongpraneekul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Unrooted Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Luffa Acutangula ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis study explored a germplasm collection consisting of 112 Luffa acutangula (ridge gourd) accessions, mainly from Thailand. A total of 2834 SNPs were used to establish population structure and underlying genetic diversity while exploring the fruit characteristics together with genetic information which would help in the selection of parental lines for a breeding program. The study found that the average polymorphism information content value of 0.288 which indicates a moderate genetic diversity for this L. acutangula germplasm. STRUCTURE analysis (ΔK at K = 6) allowed us to group the accessions into six subpopulations that corresponded well with the unrooted phylogenetic tree and principal coordinate analyses. When plotted, the STRUCTURE bars to the area of collection, we observed an admixed genotype from surrounding accessions and a geneflow confirmed by the value of FST = 0.137. AMOVA based on STRUCTURE clustering showed a low 12.83% variation between subpopulations that correspond well with the negative inbreeding coefficient value (FIS =  − 0.092) and low total fixation index (FIT = 0.057). There were distinguishing fruit shapes and length characteristics in specific accessions for each subpopulation. The genetic diversity and different fruit shapes in the L. acutangula germplasm could benefit the ridge gourd breeding programs to meet the demands and needs of consumers, farmers, and vegetable exporters such as increasing the yield of fruit by the fruit width but not by the fruit length to solve the problem of fruit breakage during exportation.

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