scholarly journals Identify the radiotherapy-induced abnormal changes in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

ADMET & DMPK ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-241
Author(s):  
Xiuxin Wang ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Huiling Zhang ◽  
Gang Yin ◽  
Yangkun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Abnormal Signal ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Radiotherapy (RT) is the standard treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which often causes inevitable brain injury in the process of treatment. The majority of patients has no abnormal signal or density change of the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) examination in the long-term follow-up after radiation therapy. However, when there is a visible CT and conventional MR imaging changes, the damage often has been severe and lack of effective treatments, seriously influencing the prognosis of patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the abnormal changes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients after RT. In the present study, we exploited the machine learning framework which contained two parts: feature extraction and classification to automatically detect the brain injury. Our results showed that the method could effectively identify the abnormal regions reduced by radiotherapy. The highest classification accuracy was 82.5 % in the abnormal brain regions. The parahippocampal gyrus was the highest accuracy region, which suggested that the parahippocampal gyrus could be most sensitive to radiotherapy and involved in the pathogenesis of radiotherapy-induced brain injury in NPC patients.

scholarly journals Pineocytoma with diffuse dissemination to the leptomeninges

Rare Tumors ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Gomez ◽  
Jeffrey Wu ◽  
Whitney Pope ◽  
Harry Vinters ◽  
Antonio DeSalles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Stereotactic Radiotherapy ◽  
Leptomeningeal Dissemination ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pineal Parenchymal Tumors ◽  
Craniospinal Radiation ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Pineal parenchymal tumors are rare. Of the three types of pineal parenchymal tumors, pineocytomas are the least aggressive and are not known to diffusely disseminate. In this paper, we report the successful treatment of a case of pineocytoma with diffuse leptomeningeal relapse following initial stereotactic radiotherapy. A 39-year-old female presented with headaches, balance impairment, urinary incontinence, and blunted affect. A pineal mass was discovered on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A diagnosis of pineocytoma was established with an endoscopic pineal gland biopsy, and the patient received stereotactic radiotherapy. Ten years later, she developed diffuse leptomeningeal dissemination. The patient was then successfully treated with craniospinal radiation therapy. Leptomeningeal spread may develop as late as 10 years after initial presentation of pineocytoma. Our case demonstrates the importance of long-term follow-up of patients with pineal parenchymal tumors following radiation therapy, and the efficacy of craniospinal radiation in the treatment of leptomeningeal dissemination.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy Pharmacodynamics and Neuroimaging and Neurocognitive Outcomes in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (22) ◽  
pp. 2644-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Krull ◽  
Yin Ting Cheung ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Slim Fellah ◽  
Wilburn E. Reddick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Long Term Survivors

Purpose To examine associations among methotrexate pharmacodynamics, neuroimaging, and neurocognitive outcomes in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on a contemporary chemotherapy-only protocol. Patients and Methods This longitudinal study linked pharmacokinetic assays collected during therapy to neurocognitive and brain imaging outcomes during long-term follow-up. A total of 218 (72.2%) of 302 eligible long-term survivors were recruited for outcome studies when they were more than 5 years post-diagnosis and older than 8 years of age. At long-term follow-up, survivors were an average of 13.8 years old and 7.7 years from diagnosis, and 51% were male. Neurocognitive testing, functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during an executive function task, and structural MRI with diffusion tensor imaging were conducted. Generalized linear models were developed to identify predictors, and models were adjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, and parent education. Results Intelligence was within normal limits (mean, 98; standard deviation, 14) compared with population expectations (mean, 100; standard deviation, 15), though measures of executive function, processing speed, and memory were less than population means (all P < .02 after correction for false discovery rates). Higher plasma concentration of methotrexate was associated with a poorer executive function score (P < .02). Higher plasma methotrexate was also associated with higher functional MRI activity, with thicker cortices in dorsolateral prefrontal brain regions, and with white matter microstructure in the frontostriatal tact. Neurocognitive impairment was associated with these imaging findings as well. Associations did not change after adjustment for age or dose of leucovorin rescue. Conclusion Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on contemporary chemotherapy-only protocols demonstrate executive dysfunction. A higher plasma concentration of methotrexate was associated with executive dysfunction as well as with a thicker cortex and higher activity in frontal brain regions, regions often associated with executive function.

scholarly journals Potential Molecular Biomarkers of Vestibular Schwannoma Growth: Progress and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jianfei Long ◽  
Junwei Ren ◽  
Xiang Huang ◽  
Ping Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Cranial Nerve ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Nerve Tumor ◽  
Acoustic Neuromas ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Tumor Enlargement ◽  
Optimal Treatment Strategy

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs, also known as acoustic neuromas) are relatively rare benign brain tumors stem from the Schwann cells of the eighth cranial nerve. Tumor growth is the paramount factor for neurosurgeons to decide whether to choose aggressive treatment approach or careful follow-up with regular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as surgery and radiation can introduce significant trauma and affect neurological function, while tumor enlargement during long-term follow-up will compress the adjacent nerves and tissues, causing progressive hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo. Recently, with the deepening research of VS biology, some proteins that regulate merlin conformation changes, inflammatory cytokines, miRNAs, tissue proteins and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) components have been proposed to be closely related to tumor volume increase. In this review, we discuss advances in the study of biomarkers that associated with VS growth, providing a reference for exploring the growth course of VS and determining the optimal treatment strategy for each patient.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document