Usefulness of measuring urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and calculating NGAL to creatinine ratio as early predictors of kidney dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes
The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of measuring concentrations of NGAL in first morning urine and calculating NGAL/creatinine ratio (uNGAL/uCr) among patients with early stage diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in course of type 2 diabetes (DMt2) and to assess the correlations between these markers and routine biochemical and blood count parameters. Material and Methods: The studied group consisted of 55 patients with DKD in course of DMt2 and 22 controls without diabetes; the study included patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate >60ml/min/1,73m2 without overt proteinuria. NGAL was measured with chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) with ARCHITECT analyzer (Abbott Diagnostics). Results: Studied group had higher values of uNGAL/uCr than controls (median 21.3 vs. 12.2 μg/g; p=0.014). Among studied group, women presented higher uNGAL/uCr comparing to men (38.6 vs. 11.7 μg/g; p=0.001). Both in patients and controls, uNGAL concentrations were positively correlated with urine creatinine. In studied group, we observed positive correlations of uNGAL and uNGAL/uCr with urine albumin and albumin/creatinine retaio (UACR); in control group, only the correlation between uNGAL and albuminuria was statistically significant. Additionally, in studied group, positive correlations were observed between uNGAL and uNGAL/uCr and serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations. In multiple regression, albuminuria and LDL-cholesterol significantly predicted uNGAL and UACR and triglycerides significantly predicted uNGAL/uCr in the studied group. Conclusions: The obtained results confirm the usefulness of measuring uNGAL and calculating uNGAL/uCr as early markers of kidney dysfunction in patients with DMt2. The results of the study should be confirmed in larger group of patients.