scholarly journals STATUS OF CATTLE AND BEEF EXTERNAL TRADE OF POLAND AND HUNGARY OUTSIDE THE EUROPEAN UNION BETWEEN 2002 AND 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Kornélia Mészáros ◽  
Enikő Lencsés
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Special Attribute ◽  
Balassa Index ◽  
Target Markets

Both Hungary and Poland are net exporter in cattle and beef trade. Because of the large Polish and Hungarian supply these countries cannot sell all products on domestic and EU single markets. Cattle and beef production of both countries have to be sold on non-EU markets. These markets have a special attribute because import of cattle and beef to EU is regulated but the export to these countries is not under European limitation. This special attribute results in the fact that there are less available scientific indexes to use studying the international trade. In this paper we aimed to examine the comparative advantages of Hungarian and Polish cattle and beef export to non-EU markets between 2002 and 2015. Out analysis based primary on Balassa index (RCA) which is compared with the share of product export of the reference countries in their entire export. Secondary, the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) was used as a correction of RCA (makes the RCA symmetrical). Primary we established that both studied countries have the same non-EU target markets with the highest importance of Turkey and Russia. During the examined period several changes were resulted, for example the decrease of Turkish market and the Russian embargo. These changes had an effect on comparative advantages.

Common Commercial Policy: The Expanding Competence of the European Union in the Area of International Trade

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1673-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Leczykiewicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Constitutional Treaty ◽  
Commercial Policy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Individual Member State

The European Union (EU) acts in the area of international trade through the community's commercial policy regulated by the European Community (EC) Treaty. The position of the Union in external trade relations is dependant on the unique legal character of this entity. By developing a legal order which is supreme to the law of its Member States, and creating a complex system of institutions and modes of decision-making, the Community has ceased to be a mere representative of the countries it comprises. The increasing transfer of competences from the Member States onto the community allowed it to aim at the realization of common objectives as opposed to merely collective ones. As a result, tensions between the EC and dissatisfied Member States occur and the delineation of competences may turn out to be crucial when interests of an individual Member State are involved. Therefore, the paper which considers the situation of the “new” European Union in the area of international trade, in light of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe (Constitutional Treaty), should necessarily investigate how the position of the EU will be strengthened vis-à-vis its Member States.

The Comparative Advantages of Manufacturing Industry of Serbia

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-108
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Food Products ◽  
International Market ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Balassa Index

In this chapter, the authors have also pointed out to a fact that the Serbian processing industry has been encumbered by problems from the past, lack of investments, innovation and research, which has a restrictive effect on the competitiveness, inclusion on international market and adjustment to market regularities. After reading this chapter, it will be clear which sectors in Manufacturing Industry of Serbia, more precisely Manufacture of Food Products and Beverages industry have a positive comparative advantage in long-term interval, i.e. which ones are competitive on international market. Readers will find out that the Serbian Manufacture of Food Products and Beverages industry has a surplus in international trade. They will understand how could be kept track of the changes in export value of Manufacture of Food Products and Beverages industry through the Balassa index (RCA), Lafay (LFI) and the modified index of comparative advantage (Sm) and specialization in international trade, by using the Grubel Lloyd's index (GL) on international market. They will be introduced to the examples of food industry in Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Turkey, China and Croatia, and will understand specificities and the effects of implemented transformations in these countries.

Free Trade Agreement between Tunisia and the European Union, Do Institutions Matter?: An Empirical Validation by A Gravity Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Anis Kacem
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Spatial Econometrics ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Dimension ◽  
North And South

Tunisia has signed a free trade agreement with the European Union in 1996, which provides for the reduction of tariff barriers between Tunisia and the EU. In this article, we aim to know and test whether the similarity of the institutional framework has to stimulate international trade between Tunisia and the European Union. In this context, we built a variable called “Institutional distance” to valid the institutional dimension of international trade, near borders effects reported in the literature. To this end, a gravity model was used initially (Tunisia and 21 European countries). Secondly, the estimate shows the existence of spatial autocorrelation. The latter has been corrected using spatial econometrics. The results show that the geographical distance remains more important than the institutions in this type of agreement between north and south shores of the Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Export Competitiveness Analysis of Creative Industries in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Deimantė Krisiukėnienė ◽  
Vaida Pilinkienė
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
The Eu

AbstractResearch purpose. The research purpose is to assess and compare the competitiveness of the EU creative industries’ export.Design/Methodology/Approach. The article is organised as follows: Section 1 presents a short theoretical conception of creative industries; Section 2 presents the theoretical background of trade competitiveness indices; Section 3 introduces the research data set, method and variables; Section 4 discusses the results of the revealed comparative advantage index analysis; and the final section presents the conclusions of the research. It should be noted that the research does not cover all possible factors underlying the differences in the external sector performance and thus may need to be complemented with country-specific analysis as warranted. Methods of the research include theoretical review and analysis, evaluation of comparative advantage indices and clustering.Findings. The analysis revealed that the EU countries may gain competitiveness because of the globalisation effects and the development of creative industries. The increase in the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index during the period 2004–2017 shows rising EU international trade specialisation in creative industries. According to dynamic RCA index results, France, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain has competitive advantage in creative industries sectors and could be specified as ‘rising stars’ according to dynamic of their export.Originality/Value/Practical implications. A creative industries analysis is becoming increasingly relevant in scientific research. Fast globalisation growth affects the processes in which closed economies together with their specific sectors are no longer competitive in the market because productivity of countries as well as particular economic sectors depends on international trade liberalisation, technology and innovation. Scientific literature, nevertheless, contains a gap in the area of international trade competitiveness research in creative industries sector.

scholarly journals The concept of technological proximity in the development of European Union national innovative systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (51) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Svetlana Rastvortseva ◽  
Aizhan Amanalieva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Composition Determination ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Degree Of Participation

Abstract The development of national innovative systems is intended to solve a number of issues: from decreasing socio-economic inequality in countries and regions to creating environments favourable to new high-tech production and diversification of industrial composition. Determination of the possibilities for expanding the set of innovative types of economic activity must be scientifically substantiated, since significant financial, material and human resources may be consumed in creating and supporting new economic sectors within the framework of state policy. This article contains an attempt to create a mechanism for revealing promising trends in the development of an innovative economic sphere, taking into account comparative advantages in the commodity composition of exports by determining technological proximity indicators. The article aims to substantiate the possibility of using the concept of technological proximity in developing national innovative systems. The study employs technological proximity indicators based on the revealed comparative advantages (RCA) of countries by commodity groups of export. A matrix of technological proximity in the industrial fields (at a six-unit level) for 28 countries of the European Union in 2007–18 was made. The results revealed comparative advantages by groups of high-tech products in EU countries in real time. The analysis of technological proximity in the industrial sector has shown the types of economic activity connected with the innovative sector, which was used to determine the countries’ degree of participation in the manufacture of high-tech products. The proposed mechanism can be used in the development and implementation of national and regional policy in the sphere of innovative systems, since it allows promising areas for creation and support of new high-tech productions to be determined.

scholarly journals European Union: Spearhead of the Environment Protection Movement

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Sorin Burnete ◽  
Abiola E. Ogunmokun
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Waste Trade

Abstract Industrialization laid the foundation for contemporary civilization but also begot environmental problems, which have been building up and remained unsolved to this day. There is widespread belief that, if industrial manufacturing lies at the root of environment degradation through endless spewing of residual waste, trade among nations is to blame for scattering residual waste the world over. Yet paradoxically, it is the very international trade that might be the ground for major remedies thereto. The 20th century witnessed the shift from free trade to fair trade; it is about time to shift from fair trade to clean trade. Nevertheless, such serious problems had barely been dealt with until the post-World War II period. An awareness-raising effort in this line was made by the European Union (EU) which, since the early 1970s, has been dealing with environmental and social issues, especially the ones deriving from international trade, in a decisive and responsible manner. Still, EU’s new policy in the field of environment protection has a downside in that it affects trade relations with partners from outside the Union, both developing and developed countries, thereby drawing fierce international reaction. The good part is that EU’s actions will most likely prompt other nations to follow suit.

scholarly journals Drivers of the duration of comparative advantage in the European Union’s agri-food exports

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojnec Stefan ◽  
Ferto Imre
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Global Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Eu

The article investigates the duration of comparative advantage indices in the European Union (EU-27) agri-food exports using the normalised revealed comparative advantage index on the global market. There is employed both a descriptive analysis of the duration of comparative advantage, and examined the major drivers using discrete-time duration models with proper controls for unobserved heterogeneity. The robustness of the models is tested with alternative estimation procedures and sub-samples. Estimations show that the comparative advantages for most agri-food products survived for a certain number of years, but a high percentage of them have a shorter duration. Larger trade costs decrease the probability of survival in comparative advantages, while the level of economic development, the size of the country, the agri-food export diversification, and being a new EU member state increases it. Implications for the EU-27 member states and agri-food policies are suggested in the conclusion.

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