ECOLOGO-HYGIENIC AUDIT OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY FROM WELLS AND DAMMING OF RIVNE REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Ihor Hushchuk ◽  
Anna Hilman ◽  
Nataliia Kulesha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

The article presents the results of ecological sanitary audit of drinking water quality from sources of decentralized water supply in Rivne region during 2004-2015, analyzes the dynamics of discrepancies of drinking water samples from sources of decentralized water supply according to sanitary-chemical and microbiological indicators in the context of Rivne region’s districts.

Assessment of drinking water quality within amalgamated territorial communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Ruslana Valerko ◽  
◽  
Liudmyla Herasymchuk ◽  
Yevgenii Hurskyi ◽  
Anastasiya Pavlenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Local Population ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Rural Settlements

One of the main problems of rural residential areas is to provide the local population with quality drinking water, which is a major factor influencing their health. To solve this problem, it is necessary to implement effective measures not only at the state level but also at the regional and local levels. The main purpose of decentralization of power is to transfer the power and appropriate financial resources to the lowest levels of local self-government, which makes it possible for created amalgamated communities to use these resources to solve the priority issues. However, to determine the ecological state of rural settlements in the subsystem of drinking water quality, it is necessary to assess its quality in the territory where the community is situated. The investigation was carried out in 15 rural settlements of the Teterivka amalgamated community of the amalgamated Zhytomyr district. 36 water samples were selected from the sources of non-centralized water supply. Water quality classes were determined following DSTU (National Standards of Ukraine) 4808:2007 “Sources of Centralized Drinking Water Supply. Hygienic and Environmental Requirements for Water Quality and Selection Rules”. As a result, it has been established that nitrates make the largest contribution to the pollution of drinking water. In 47% of the selected samples, the nitrate content on average exceeded the norm; and in 46.7% of the investigated settlements, water belongs to quality class 4, defined as “mediocre”, “partially potable” of undesirable quality. A critical situation was recorded in the villages of Mykhailivka, Nova Rudnia and Staroshiika, where the nitrate content in all selected samples of the well water exceeded the norm. On average, 61% of the selected water samples did not meet the standard and were below the standard. According to the pH indicator, the quality classes vary from “excellent”, very pure water grading to the class of “good”, pure water of the desired quality to “satisfactory”, slightly contaminated water of acceptable quality. The total iron content exceeded the standard in 5.6% of the selected samples.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Salmonella in drinking water samples of urban water supply system of Kathmandu

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Esha Shrestha ◽  
Dwij R Bhatta ◽  
Binod Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Water Borne

Water-borne diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and around 2.2 million people die every year due to basic hygiene-related diseases, like gastroenteritis, diarrhea, typhoid and dysentery. Eighty-six water samples were randomly collected from urban water supply system of Kathmandu, and analyzed for physiochemical and microbiological parameters to assess drinking water quality. Residual chlorine was undetectable in 100% samples. Salmonella was detected in 4 samples by enrichment culture technique in Selenite F broth followed by plating on Salmonella-Shigella Agar. A total of 10 isolates were identified as Salmonella (S. Paratyphi, 10% and non-typhi, 90%) by conventional biochemical test. The majority of the isolates were susceptible to most of the antimicrobials tested; however, resistance was observed to amoxicillin (70%), cephalexin (20%) and ceftizoxime (14.28%). There was no significant relationship between coliform and Salmonella positivity (P = 0.366). The microbiological quality of urban water supply system is poor and indicates chances of outbreak of Salmonella infection. Key-words: drinking water quality; Nepal; water-borne disease; water pollution.DOI: 10.3126/botor.v6i0.2911 Botanica Orientalis - Journal of Plant Science (2009) 6: 52-55

scholarly journals Priority risk factors related to drinking water from centralized water supply system that create negative trends in population health

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
S.V. Kleyn ◽  
◽  
S.A. Vekovshinina ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Health Disorders

Our research object was long-term dynamics of parameters describing drinking water from centralized water supply systems and additional cases of health disorders among population in Russia directly caused by low-quality drinking water. Our research goal was to perform hygienic assessment of priority risk factors related to drinking water and potential health disorders that could be caused by them. Our research technique was hygienic analysis of drinking water parameters as per data taken from the federal statistical form No. 18 entitled «Data on sanitary situation in a RF region» over 2000–2019, the federal information fund of social and hygienic monitoring over 2012–2019, and calculation of associated health disorders as per MG 5.1.0095–14. Specific weight of centralized water supply sources that didn’t conform to sanitary-epidemiologic requirements decreased by 4.7 % over 2000–2019 and amounted to 14.9 %. Over the last 20 years there has been a descending trend in specific weight of water samples taken from centralized water supply sources that don’t conform to sanitary requirements as per sanitary-chemical parameters (by 2.7 %) and microbiological parameters (by 4.8%). Over 2000–2019, specific weight of water distribution networks not conforming to sanitary-epidemiologic requirements decreased by 10.7 % and amounted to 15.9 % in 2019. Over the last 20 years there has been an increase in quality of drinking water taken from centralized distribution networks. Specific weight of water samples from centralized distribution networks not conforming to sanitary requirements as per microbiological and sanitary-chemical parameters fell by 6.7 % and 7.9 % respectively. In 2012–2019 in the RF hygienic parameters of drinking water quality were the most violated as per contents of bromine, silicon, chlorine, iron, sodium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, chloroform, boron, strontium, sulfides, and hydrogen sulphide. Overall, in the RF in 2019 more than 1.66 million cases of digestive diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue, and other health disorders were directly related to drinking water being contaminated with chemicals and microbiological agents; it was by 13.3 % lower than in 2012 regarding morbidity associated with drinking water quality. Priority risk factors were chlorine, chlorine organic compounds (COC), ammonia, iron, manganese, arsenic, nickel, copper, boron, magnesium, and other compounds.

scholarly journals Priority risk factors related to drinking water from centralized water supply system that create negative trends in population health

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
S.V. Kleyn ◽  
◽  
S.A. Vekovshinina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Health Disorders

Our research object was long-term dynamics of parameters describing drinking water from centralized water supply systems and additional cases of health disorders among population in Russia directly caused by low-quality drinking water. Our research goal was to perform hygienic assessment of priority risk factors related to drinking water and potential health disorders that could be caused by them. Our research technique was hygienic analysis of drinking water parameters as per data taken from the federal statistical form No. 18 entitled «Data on sanitary situation in a RF region» over 2000–2019, the federal information fund of social and hygienic monitoring over 2012–2019, and calculation of associated health disorders as per MG 5.1.0095–14. Specific weight of centralized water supply sources that didn’t conform to sanitary-epidemiologic requirements decreased by 4.7 % over 2000–2019 and amounted to 14.9 %. Over the last 20 years there has been a descending trend in specific weight of water samples taken from centralized water supply sources that don’t conform to sanitary requirements as per sanitary-chemical parameters (by 2.7 %) and microbiological parameters (by 4.8%). Over 2000–2019, specific weight of water distribution networks not conforming to sanitary-epidemiologic requirements decreased by 10.7 % and amounted to 15.9 % in 2019. Over the last 20 years there has been an increase in quality of drinking water taken from centralized distribution networks. Specific weight of water samples from centralized distribution networks not conforming to sanitary requirements as per microbiological and sanitary-chemical parameters fell by 6.7 % and 7.9 % respectively. In 2012–2019 in the RF hygienic parameters of drinking water quality were the most violated as per contents of bromine, silicon, chlorine, iron, sodium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, chloroform, boron, strontium, sulfides, and hydrogen sulphide. Overall, in the RF in 2019 more than 1.66 million cases of digestive diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue, and other health disorders were directly related to drinking water being contaminated with chemicals and microbiological agents; it was by 13.3 % lower than in 2012 regarding morbidity associated with drinking water quality. Priority risk factors were chlorine, chlorine organic compounds (COC), ammonia, iron, manganese, arsenic, nickel, copper, boron, magnesium, and other compounds.

Free-living microscopic organisms as indicators of changes in drinking-water quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Plutzer ◽  
Andrea Törökné
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Bacterial indicator organisms (e.g., coliforms, E. coli) and some chemical parameters (e.g., turbidity, ammonia) are basic monitoring tools used to measure both changes in drinking-water quality and the presence of hard-to-detect pathogenic bacteria, viruses and protozoa. Microscopically detectable free-living organisms, such as some groups of bacteria, fungi, nematodes, rotifers and protozoa, are usable as additional indicators of fecal or environmental contamination of drinking water as well as any changes in the drinking-water quality. Our aim in this paper is to summarize the results of microscopic examination of 913 drinking-water samples from different water sources in Hungary in 2004 and 2005 and to demonstrate how these results can be used to maintain safe and good-tasting drinking-water quality. A total of 277 drinking-water samples failed Hungarian microscopic water quality standards as a result of helminths (58%), protozoa (41%), iron bacteria (16%), sulfur bacteria (13%), fungi (11%), algae (5%) and multiple biological contaminants (34%). Based on these results, pipe washing or water storage tank cleaning was deemed necessary. In addition, a number of disinfection or filtration failures were found. Two detailed case studies show the usefulness of monitoring microscopic parameters to avoid disease outbreaks. To our knowledge this is the first paper discussing drinking-water microscopy based on Hungarian experience and practice, which could be useful and informative for other countries.

Methodological Approaches to Organization of Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Programs

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Novikova ◽  
I.O. Myasnikov ◽  
A.A. Kovshov ◽  
N.A. Tikhonova ◽  
N.S. Bashketova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Supply Systems

Summary. Introduction: Drinking water is one of the most important environmental factors sustaining life and determining human health. The goal of the Russian Federal Clean Water Project is to improve drinking water quality through upgrading of water treatment and supply systems using advanced technologies, including those developed by the military-industrial complex. The most informative and reliable sources of information for assessing drinking water quality are the results of systematic laboratory testing obtained within the framework of socio-hygienic monitoring (SGM) and production control carried out by water supply organizations. The objective of our study was to formulate approaches to organizing quality monitoring programs for centralized cold water supply systems. Materials and methods: We reviewed programs and results of drinking water quality laboratory tests performed by Rospotrebnadzor bodies and institutions within the framework of SGM in 2017–2018. Results: We established that drinking water quality monitoring in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation differs significantly in the number of monitoring points (566 in the Krasnoyarsk Krai vs 10 in Sevastopol) and measured indicators, especially sanitary and chemical ones (53 inorganic and organic substances in the Kemerovo Region vs one indicator in the Amur Region). Discussion: For a more complete and objective assessment of drinking water quality in centralized cold water supply systems, monitoring points should be organized at all stages of water supply with account for the coverage of the maximum number of people supplied with water from a particular network. Thus, the number of points in the distribution network should depend, inter alia, on the size of population served. In urban settlements with up to 10,000 inhabitants, for example, at least 4 points should be organized while in the cities with more than 3,000,000 inhabitants at least 80 points are necessary. We developed minimum mandatory lists of indicators and approaches to selecting priority indices to be monitored at all stages of drinking water supply.

A national approach to risk assessment for drinking water catchments in Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Miller ◽  
B. Whitehill ◽  
D. Deere
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data

This paper comments on the strengths and weaknesses of different methodologies for risk assessment, appropriate for utilisation by Australian Water Utilities in risk assessment for drinking water source protection areas. It is intended that a suggested methodology be recommended as a national approach to catchment risk assessment. Catchment risk management is a process for setting priorities for protecting drinking water quality in source water areas. It is structured through a series of steps for identifying water quality hazards, assessing the threat posed, and prioritizing actions to address the threat. Water management organisations around Australia are at various stages of developing programs for catchment risk management. While much conceptual work has been done on the individual components of catchment risk management, work on these components has not previously been combined to form a management tool for source water protection. A key driver for this project has been the requirements of the National Health and Medical Research Council Framework for the Management of Drinking Water Quality (DWQMF) included in the draft 2002 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). The Framework outlines a quality management system of steps for the Australian water industry to follow with checks and balances to ensure water quality is protected from catchment to tap. Key steps in the Framework that relate to this project are as follows: Element 2 Assessment of the Drinking Water Supply System• Water Supply System analysis• Review of Water Quality Data• Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Element 3 Preventive Measures for Drinking Water Quality Management• Preventive Measures and Multiple Barriers• Critical Control Points This paper provides an evaluation of the following risk assessment techniques: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP); World Health Organisation Water Safety Plans; Australian Standard AS 4360; and The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines – Drinking Water Quality Management Framework. These methods were selected for assessment in this report as they provided coverage of the different approaches being used across Australia by water utilities of varying: scale of water management organisation; types of water supply system management; and land use and activity-based risks in the catchment area of the source. Initially, different risk assessment methodologies were identified and reviewed. Then examples of applications of those methods were assessed, based on several key water utilities across Australia and overseas. Strengths and weaknesses of each approach were identified. In general there seems some general grouping of types of approaches into those that: cover the full catchment-to-tap drinking water system; cover just the catchment area of the source and do not recognise downstream barriers or processes; use water quality data or land use risks as a key driving component; and are based primarily on the hazard whilst others are based on a hazardous event. It is considered that an initial process of screening water quality data is very valuable in determining key water quality issues and guiding the risk assessment, and to the overall understanding of the catchment and water source area, allowing consistency with the intentions behind the ADWG DWQM Framework. As such, it is suggested that the recommended national risk assessment approach has two key introductory steps: initial screening of key issues via water quality data, and land use or activity scenario and event-based HACCP-style risk assessment. In addition, the importance of recognising the roles that uncertainty and bias plays in risk assessments was highlighted. As such it was deemed necessary to develop and integrate uncertainty guidelines for information used in the risk assessment process. A hybrid risk assessment methodology was developed, based on the HACCP approach, but with some key additions and modifications to make it applicable to varying catchment risks, water supply operation needs and environmental management processes.

scholarly journals Physiochemical and Microbiological Analysis of Drinking Water in Chattogram City, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Kanij Fatema Nishan ◽  
Nilufa Yeasmin ◽  
Urmi Rani Devi ◽  
Sumiya Akter ◽  
Md. Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

Chattogram is the second most populated city in Bangladesh. This port city faces a serious threat mainly due to the lack of safe drinking water. This study was conducted for determining drinking water quality of groundwater sources in Chattogram city. The study was performed in the BCSIR laboratory, Chattogram. It was carried out for a period of six months from 1st July, 2018 to 31th December, 2018. Total six water samples were collected from three different locations (Baluchora, C&B colony and Khulshi area). Each sampling location consists of two separate sampling points. Physicochemical parameters of the collected samples like Temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solid (TDS), Hardness, Turbidity and concentration of Cl, As, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr and Cd were examined. Microbial parameters like Total Coliform (TC) were also measured. All the analyzed parameters compared with BSTI and WHO drinking water quality standards to understand the overall ground water quality status of the study area. The results reveal that water samples in almost all locations were contaminated with microbial contamination and that the range of physico-chemical parameters was not adequate for consumption. Preliminary treatments like boiling, filtering etc are required before using groundwater for drinking and the necessary measures must be taken for a safe alternative source of drinking water.

scholarly journals Influence of the quality of drinking water supply sources on the formation of the ecologically-dependent pathology of the population of the Republic of Dagestan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
M. G. Daudova ◽  
R. B. Bagomedova ◽  
K. K. Bekshokov ◽  
M. M. Medzhidova ◽  
S. M. Nakhibashev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
The Republic

Aim. Study of the influence of drinking water quality on the ecologically-dependent morbidity of the population of the Republic of Dagestan.Material and Methods. Methods of current and retrospective analysis of regional health indicators and methods of mathematical-statistical and medical-geographical analysis were used. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the STATISTICA and Excel software packages. When carrying out laboratory studies on the quality of drinking water, we used a Lumex atomic absorption spectrometer "MGA-915MD".Results. Numerous hygiene studies indicate the direct impact of unsatisfactory drinking water quality on the health of a population. The relationship between sanitary and chemical indicators and the incidence rate for a number of nosological forms has been proven. It is generally accepted that human health is influenced by lifestyle factors (working, living and relaxation conditions), heredity and the ecological condition of the area of residence, including the quality of drinking water. Although it is not possible to differentiate the share of the negative effect caused by the consumption of poor quality drinking water but the incidence of certain nosological forms (cancer of the esophagus, gastrointestinal tract and kidney diseases) in the those regions of the Republic of Dagestan under consideration correlates with the characteristics of drinking water.Conclusion. The problem of pollution of water supply sources for the population in the dynamics of the long-term remains a priority concern. The quality and safety of drinking water are decreasing, which cannot but have a negative impact on public health. Correlation linkages between indicators of drinking water quality and oncological morbidity of the population were also established in indicators below the maximum permissible concentrations, which corresponds to a typical logistic model of causal relationships and serves as evidence of the high dependence of health disorders on chemical contamination of water supply sources. 

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