Speciális régiótípusok az Európai Unió regionális egyenlőtlenségeiben

n the regional policy of the European Union, the importance of regional typologies linked to specific geographical elements has varied over the past decades. This article shows that since the 1990s the role of these specific regional typologies, and thus of regional characteristics, in European regional policy has been declining. However, the analysis of a wide range of socio-economic data reveals that some types of regions (sparsely populated regions, outermost regions, external border regions) are in a particularly unfavourable socio-economic situation, while others may need specific support not at European but at macro-regional level (for example, the coastal regions of the Mediterranean). The article concludes that, although the value of GDP per capita is indeed only marginally explained by the different regional typologies, broadening the concept of underdevelopment and recognising macro-regional challenges could be a priority for the European Union.

Biodiversity of the flora of vascular plants of the Makarovsky Nature Reserve on Sakhalin Island

The article is devoted to the research results concerning the flora of vascular plants of the Makarovsky Nature Reserve situated in the middle part of Sakhalin Island. Nowadays, 407 species of vascular plants have been identified on its territory, and 26.8 % of the total number of taxa known on the island. Among them, 13 species of rare plants included in the Red Data Book of the Sakhalin Region have been identified. The structure of the leading families and genera is indicated, the flora is analyzed by life forms, geographical elements and ecological-cenotic groups.

VOTING TRENDS IN THE 1986-2018 GENERAL ELECTION IN MALAYSIA BASED ON GEOGRAPHICAL MAPPING

Malaysia adopts a system of parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy which has a first past the post electoral system which is the determination of victory in elections based on a simple majority. Election results are caused by certain factors and will shape certain voting patterns. Therefore, it is the purpose of writing this article to analyze the voting trends in the General Election (GE) 1986-2018 in Malaysia based on the geographical mapping. The writing of this article is based on the 1986-2018 GE results data, field observations during elections, and the production of a geographical distribution map of GE results for Parliament and DUN by using ArcGIS software and analyzed based on authoritative secondary sources. The results show that there are several geographical elements that can be associated with the results and patterns of voting in terms of location and region. The voting pattern between the eight GEs shows a fluctuation or pendulum based on the achievement of the number of seats in both Parliament and DUN between the ruling party which for a long time (1955-2013) namely Perikatan/Barisan Nasional (BN) with opposition parties such as DAP, PAS, PKR, and others. The dynamics of this support are due to, among others, geographical factors and other factors such as issues, leadership, ethnicity, governing experience, media, party ideology, sociological factors, and rational choice. Therefore, it is hoped that the impact of writing this article can provide a new dimension of dynamic electoral political thinking as well as strategic and artistic for the sake of power and can add more data and research information related to electoral politics and electoral geography.

CREATING INTERACTIVE WEB MAPS FOR THE CITY

The features of creating interactive web-maps on the territory of the city are considered. In a separate category maps created with Google, Yandex, OSM mapping a substrate with a certain set of points of interest (POI), and maps created with GIS applications. The technology of creating an interactive map is proposed, which includes the main stages: designing a mathematical basis, creating a geo-graphic basis, forming thematic databases, creating a web map. In the framework of this technology, the scale levels of the map are determined, and the choice of the cartographic projection is considered. The sources for creating an interactive map are identified, namely, the geographical basis, housing and utilities reform data, and thematic data. The interrelations of thematic objects with general geographical elements of the map content are established. A technological scheme for creating and filling a spatial database for a city site is presented. The stage of forming thematic data from various sources is considered. The technological scheme of creating an interactive web map is presented. The process of creating interactive logic is described. This technology allows you to easily make updates to the thematic database, which provides quick access to the information of the end user.

New Mobility Paradigm and Indigenous Construction of Places: Physical and Symbolic Mobility of Aymara Groups in the Urbanization Process, Chile

In the current global scenario, in which mobility has been strongly impacted, it is relevant to highlight certain mobility experiences of Indigenous Latin American peoples, in which new cultural and geographical elements justify revisiting this phenomenon. In this context, the mobility of the Aymara ethnic group offers an opportunity for such a second look. Although the subject has been approached from the perspectives of internal migration processes and physical movement, as in other Latin American cases, studies have omitted some important aspects for its analysis, such as the practices, meanings, and political implications associated with mobility. Based on the new mobility paradigm, this article seeks to strengthen the perspective on mobility by researching rural-urban mobility practices and their meaning regarding the experiences of Aymara people who migrated from the rural municipality of Putre to settle in the city of Arica from the 1950s. At the same time, it is shown that these Aymara mobility practices imply spatiotemporal dynamics that are key for the construction of place, and allow for a widening of base elements that should be considered in the new mobility paradigm. This research is based on five years of ethnography, including mobile accompaniment and semi-structured interviews. This methodological approach has allowed researchers to explore how elements related to physical and symbolic mobility have constantly constructed relational spaces within the Arica and Parinacota region over time. This shows that mobility does not only refer to physical movement, but to politics, emotions, culture, and memory as well. From these results, the article examines and discusses key elements related to physical and symbolic mobility, and their implications in political and intercultural terms.

ANALISE COMPARATIVA DOS FRAGMENTOS DE CERRADO NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE CAMPO MOURÃO E JAGUARIAÍVA, PARANÁ, BRASIL

The Cerrado (Savannah) is one of the six Brazilian morphoclimatic domains and although it has its core area located in Brazil’s central region, fragments of this vegetation are observed in the state of Paraná and that, even, they have already occupied 1,700 square kilometers. Currently, however, the Cerrado is restricted only to isolated islands in cities such as Arapoti, Campo Mourão, Cianorte, Jaguariaíva, Sabáudia, Sengés and Tuneiras do Oeste. In the light of these considerations, this article aims at presenting the comparative characterization of the Cerrado areas in Campo Mourão and Jaguariaíva by highlighting the geographical elements observed there. For the accomplishment of the research, fieldwork was done, as well as comparative analyzes throughcartographic and bibliographical material. From the research survey, it was evidenced that: a) both analyzed fragments are in different climates; b) the soil in the area studied in Jaguariaíva presents sandy texture in shallow soil, while in Campo Mourão the soil can be described as Lactosoil with clayey texture; c) both soils, although distinct, have low natural fertility and high acidity; d) the botanical families that compose the studied’s area vegetation are correlated.

Quantifying and Evaluating the Cultivated Areas Suitable for Fallow in Chongqing of China Using Multisource Data

The quantitative evaluation of the suitability of land fallow is of great significance to the effective implementation of fallow system in rural China. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the cultivated areas suitable for fallow in Chongqing, China. The results show that: (1) a comprehensive index of cultivated land fallow (ILF) was developed by employing a series of multi—source data, and the ILF has been proven as an effective proxy to identify the cultivated areas suitable for fallow; (2) cultivated land with ILF values above the average value accounts for 34.38% (9902 km2) of the total cultivated land; (3) the ILF is negatively correlated with the population density, transportation proximity, and proportion of inclined area. This study argued that the ILF can reflect the cultivated areas suitable for fallow in Chongqing and can provide guidance for the spatial distribution of cultivated land fallow. The findings indicated that the differences in geographical elements between karst and non—karst areas must be further investigated, and the evaluation accuracy of the cultivated areas suitable for fallow must be improved.

NAMING OF WEDDING CEREMONY IN THE DIALECTS OF THE REGION BETWEEN BUH AND INHUL RIVERS

Purpose. The aim of the article is a presentation of the repertoire and a description of the nomination of family rites of Ukrainian dialects of the region between Buh and Ingul in structural-semantic aspect.Methods: theoretical analysis of the literature; critical analysis of research; descriptive and linguistic-geographical; elements of comparative-historical, comparative-typological methods and methods of contextual analysis.Results. For the first time the verbal means of family rites of Ukrainian dialects as a fragment of the linguistic picture of the world of the speakers of these dialects were studied; published a significant amount of dialectal and ethnographic material, which reflects the state of preservation of traditional family rites and their nomination in the second half of the twentieth century; the spatial behavior of language elements related to traditional culture is studied.Carried out on the border of related related sciences (linguistics, ethnography and folklore) research helps to address theoretical issues related to the specifics of folk cultural terminology, the interaction of the rite and its linguistic implementation in semiotic terms. The practical significance of the study is that the collected and systematized linguistic and ethnographic material can be used in dialect lexicography, etymology, ethnography, didactics.Conclusions. The vocabulary of traditional family rites is one of the most archaic layers of the dialect dictionary. It is not isolated from the vocabulary of other dialects. The Dictionary of Ukrainian dialects of the region between Buh and Ingul contains more than 1000 names to denote the realities associated with the family rites of the region between Buh and Ingul. In the article the vocabulary of the wedding ceremony is structured by thematic and lexical-semantic groups.This opinion is confirmed by the presence of a large number of names that have a permanent character. Constantly verbalized in various dialects were the concepts that make up the core of the rite: the names of the stages of the rites, participants, ceremonial clothing, items used for ritual purposes.Key words: lexical-semantic groups, the vocabulary of traditional family rites, the region between Buh and Ingul, the vocabulary of wedding action. Метою статті є презентація репертуару та опис номінації родинних обрядів українських говірок Бузько-Інгульського межиріччя у структурно-семантичному аспекті.Методи: теоретичний аналіз літератури; критичний аналіз досліджень; описовий та лінгвогеографічний; використано еле-менти порівняльно-історичного, зіставно-типологічного методів та методики контекстуального аналізу.Результати. Уперше досліджено вербальні засоби родинних обрядів українських говірок як фрагмент мовної картини світу носіїв цих говірок; оприлюднено значний за обсягом діалектний та етнографічний матеріал, який відбиває стан збереження традиційних родинних обрядів та їх номінації у другій половині ХХ ст.; досліджено просторову поведінку мовних елементів, пов’язаних із традиційною культурою.Здійснене на межі споріднених суміжних наук (лінгвістики, етнографії та фольклористики) дослідження сприяє вирішенню теоретичних питань, що стосуються проблем специфіки народної культурної термінології, взаємодії обряду та його мовної реалізації в семіотичному плані. Практичне значення дослідження полягає в тому, що зібраний і систематизований мовний та етнографічний матеріал може бути використаний у діалектній лексикографії, етимології, етнографії, дидактиці.Висновки. Лексика традиційних родинних обрядів є одним із найбільш архаїчних шарів діалектного словника. Вона не є ізольованою від лексики інших говірок. У Словнику українських говірок Бузько-Інгульського межиріччя зафіксовано понад 1000 назв на позначення реалій, пов’язаних із родинними обрядами Бузько-Інгульського межиріччя. У статті лексику весільного обряду структуровано за тематичними і лексико-семантичними групами. Спостереження над лексикою досліджуваного регіону дає підстави відзначити збереження репертуару зафіксованих назв як у старшого, так і молодшого поколінь. Таку думку підтверджено наявністю великої кількості найменувань, що мають сталий характер: веис’і|л:’а, |свад’ба, об|зорини, |огл’адита ін. Постійно вербалізованими у різних говірках виявилися поняття, що складають ядро обряду: назви етапів обрядів, учасників, обрядового одягу, предметів, що використовуються з ритуальною метою. Страви і напої рідко мають спеціальні назви (окрім суто обрядових страв). До складу весільної лексики входять здебільшого полісемічні лексеми. Мотивованість назв пов’язана насамперед із вибором мотиваційних ознак, що є основою для називання предметів і явищ.Ключові слова: лексико-семантичні групи, словниковий склад традиційних родинних обрядів, ареал між Бугом та Інгулом, специфіка народної культурної термінології, лексика весільного дійства.

Historial Gography Of The Kurds In The Nighboring

This research is entitled (historical geography of the presence of the Kurds in the neighboring regions), a study in the geo-political research scientifically concerned with the presence of Kurds in the neighboring countries i.e this research does not study the presence of the Kurds in in Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Iran just in (Khorasan region) because now they are includes the land of Kurdistan. The Kurds history of immigration to outside of their lands are related to many factors including the geographical location and the similarity of geographical elements, which can be considered the main causes to for attraction of Kurds to these regions, and despite this the cutaneous invasions especially during the periods of Iran and Turkey. This research includes three axes, the first axis study the historical presence of the Kurds in Russia and the three Caucasus countries (Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan) and also study Republics of (Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan), and briefly about Afghanistan, Pakistan and khorasan region. The second axis study the history and geographical distribution of the Kurds and their numbers in those neighboring countries.While the third axis analysis of the geopolitical history elements including (military, economy, religion and administration)of the Kurdish presence in neighboring countries. In addition of performing some important conclusions and recommendations, as well as the list of references, and abstract in English and Kurdish and an appendix of maps and pictures.