scholarly journals Reliability-operational analysis of fixed gas fire extinguishing equipment integrated with fire signalling systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Tomasz Klimczak ◽  
Jacek Paś
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Redundant System ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Signalling System ◽  
Operational Analysis ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Fire Spreading ◽  
Signalling Systems ◽  
Central Station

Fire protection of server rooms and data processing centres, located in public buildings, uses fire extinguishing equipment known as fixed gas fire extinguishing devices (SUG-G). The extinguishing medium (gas in tanks) should be stored at a location indicated in the fire scenario and in the technical contractor project for SUG-G. SUG-G is intended to extinguish a fire in its initial stages and to prevent fire spreading. The fire signalling central station (CSP) receives a fire signal from a group of sensors located in the protected premise and notifies the Fire Brigade (PS), whilst the fire extinguishing control room automatically starts the gas extinguishing process. Such use of a signalling and extinguishing system results in a redundant system. This improves reliability of the fire signalling system (SSP), which is responsible for safety inside the building. Keywords: sensor, operation, fire signalling systems.

scholarly journals A Study on the Durability of Fire Hoses of Fire Hydrants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Hakjoong Kim ◽  
Youngjoo Song
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Human Safety ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Years Of Service ◽  
Fire Spreading ◽  
Fire Extinguishers

Although the number of fires has not changed considerably in recent times, property damage and casualties due to fires are increasing every year. Maintaining the performance of fire-fighting facilities installed in buildings has been emphasized for maximizing human safety and minimizing property damage caused by fires. As a result, since 2017, the maintenance of fire extinguishers throughout their service life, has been mandated. In case of a fire, initial fire extinguishing and fire spreading prevention are crucial. There have been no available measures for the maintenance and verification of indoor fire hydrants and outdoor fire hydrant hoses used for extinguishing fires and preventing combustion expansion. This study was therefore intended to present measures for ascertaining the service life of these fire extinguishers, by evaluating their firefighting abilities through sample analysis and case analysis of the fire hoses. Research shows that the degradation of performance of the fire hoses becomes evident between 9 and 10 years, so that 10 years of service life is considered appropriate for the fire hoses.

Cellular Signalling Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-75
Author(s):  
Diana Le Duc ◽  
Torsten Schöneberg
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Cellular Communication ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Signalling System ◽  
Signalling Network ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disease Stages ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Signalling Systems

Effective reception, delivery, and processing of information is fundamental to all life forms. Physical and chemical signals are perceived from both outside and inside an organism. The nature, duration, and intensity of signals are processed into information, mainly encoded as concentration differences of ions and molecules that ultimately lead to a reaction of the organism. Although the advent of the first and most primitive signalling system will remain unknown, it probably existed already in the first hours of life. Disturbances of well-orchestrated signalling systems are often the basis of diseases. Understanding the complexity of signalling networks is required for rational intervention in different disease stages. Understanding the evolutionary history of signalling systems can help us unveil the requirements for proper functioning of a given signalling network. This chapter provides an overview of how cellular communication evolved, works, and contributes to our understanding of human diseases in the light of evolution.

scholarly journals The Effect of Tungstate and Ethanolamines Added in Tap Water on Corrosion Inhibition of Ductile Cast Iron Pipe for Nuclear Power Plants

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1597
Author(s):  
Butaek Lim ◽  
Kitae Kim ◽  
Hyunyoung Chang ◽  
Heungbae Park ◽  
Youngsik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Passivation Film ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Immersion Corrosion

Cast iron is primarily used in buried piping to transport water in the fire protection system of nuclear power plants; ductile cast iron is generally used for domestic nuclear power plants. In general, the fluid used as fire-extinguishing water in such fire protection systems is tap water, and corrosion inhibitors are not currently added. In this study, the synergistic effect of an adsorption barrier (monoethanolamine) and oxidized film in an environment with a corrosion inhibitor (tungstate) is examined, and the corresponding passivation properties are presented. An immersion corrosion test and electrochemical test in tap water to which only tungstate was added showed suppression of corrosion compared to molybdate at the same concentration. The polarization resistance value of a passivation film in tap water mixed with monoethanolamine and tungstate showed better results than that of the molybdate control. A surface analysis in mixed addition tap water also demonstrated that oxygen ions were sufficiently distributed, including at some spheroidized graphite sites, when tungstate was added compared to molybdate. In addition, the amount of tungsten ions adsorbed on the surface was larger than that of molybdenum ions, and it was confirmed that tungsten ions were evenly distributed over the entire surface.

The wave algorithm used to determine the optimal indoor route for smoke divers in case of fire and fumigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
E. V. Stepanov ◽  
D V. Tarakanov ◽  
N. G. Topolskiy
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Moore Neighborhood ◽  
Reasonable Choice ◽  
Remote Monitoring Systems ◽  
Fire Spreading ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Fire Origin

Introduction. One of the main objectives, pursued by the information analysis support extended to smoke divers, is the preparation of indoor routes. Technical capabilities, represented by advanced remote monitoring systems, provide a fire extinguishing manager with the necessary information about the point of fire origin and mathematical tools allow to predict fire spreading characteristics. The goal of this work is to develop an algorithm for the preparation of an optimal indoor route for smoke divers to support management decisions in the event of fire. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop the theoretical framework and implement it in a software programme.Theoretical foundations. The theory of cellular automata is employed in this paper to simulate the routes of smoke divers inside a building. A cellular automaton with a Moore neighborhood is applied. We use differential equations, similar to the Kolmogorov equations, to monitor the fire parameters.Results and discussions. A modified wave algorithm was developed to determine the optimal indoor route. The software tool was applied to simulate the route of gas divers. Coefficients of importance were applied in the process of mathematical modeling; they took account of the prioritized work to be performed by smoke divers.Conclusions. The results of the study suggest that the algorithm allows to identify the optimal itinerary, thereby enabling the decision maker, responsible for sending teams of smoke divers to the work performance location, to make a reasonable choice of the point of entry for the personnel and machinery, as well as their itinerary inside the building.

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION OF WOODEN CONSTRUCTIONS OF CHURCHES DOMES WITH APPLICATION OF WATER FIRE EXTINGUISHING SUBSTANCES

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
S. V. ZHARTOVSKIY ◽  
◽  
V. V. NIZHNIK ◽  
R. V. UKHANSKIY ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Active Fire
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