scholarly journals Flood Forecasting and Disaster Risk Management – a Case Study of Danube River

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (80) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Laszlo Balatonyi ◽  
Tomasz Zwęgliński
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Systems Identification ◽  
Danube Region

The Danube and its tributaries have been crossing mountains and plains in their almost unchanged riverbeds for thousands of years, regardless of national and administrative boundaries. Nevertheless, even decades ago, several countries provided access to only limited data and information concerning the water level and flood protection status of their rivers. In recent years, information was exchanged mainly on the basis of bilateral agreements and on successful activities of basin-wide organizations, but for others, information could only be obtained by browsing the Internet, which is sometimes rather complicated and definitely time-consuming. The EU Strategy for the Danube Region Environmental Risks Priority Area initiated a project aimed at developing the Danube Hydrological Information System, which was supported by the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River. A comprehensive overview of the complex national flood and ice forecasting systems, identification of the shortcomings of the existing forecasting practices as well as an improvement of the exchange and availability of hydrological and meteorological data between the involved countries constituted crucial fields of interests for the project. Hence the main aim of the article is to present and discuss key data and functionalities of the system. The key findings show that all authorized meteorological and hydrological data of the Danube River are stored in a central database and made available online to all licensed hydrological and flood protection institutions for further processing in virtually real time. At this moment 12 countries of the Danube have joined forces to work out the proposals that are essential for the future, for safer Danube.

Review of flood and ice forecasting systems and methodologies in the Danube River countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojca Sraj ◽  
Mira Kobold ◽  
Sašo Petan ◽  
Nejc Bezak ◽  
Mitja Brilly
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Danube River ◽  
National Database ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Danube River Basin

<p>The Danube River basin is the most international river basin in the world with many large tributaries having catchments in 19 countries. Since frequency of floods in the Danube River basin increased in the last decades, the need for a more effective and harmonized regional and cross-border cooperation in the field of flood and ice forecasting arises. The need for enhanced cooperation in flood protection was officially recognized in various international and interregional policy documents, therefore DAREFFORT project was initiated under the Interreg Danube Transnational Programme to identify the state of the art of flood and ice forecasting techniques and raise awareness among the countries about the basic problems of flood and ice forecasting (e.g. the lack of a unified data exchange at the catchment level) and to help implement the Danube Flood Risk Management Plan in line with the Flood Risk Directive.</p><p>The main aim of the DAREFFORT project is to give a comprehensive overview about the complex national flood and ice forecasting systems and to eliminate the shortcomings of the existing forecasting practices as well as to improve the exchange and availability of hydrological and meteorological data between the participating countries with establishment of the Danube Hydrological Information System (Danube HIS). In order to achieve this goal, national reports on the status quo of the Danube regional flood and ice forecasting system and methodologies as well as a detailed questionnaire were prepared by all project partner countries. Information about the countries’ hydrological and meteorological data availability, recording methods and coverage with the monitoring networks, codings and national database system, data flow, forecasting time intervals and accuracy, response times, cross-border issues and data dissemination etc. was covered in the questionnaire. The evaluation of 12 national reports and results of questionnaires showed a comprehensive overview of flood and ice forecasting systems and methodologies in the Danube River basin.</p><p>The gathered information about national flood and ice forecasting practices and the acquired knowledge through the project implementation process will result into an international policy proposal for a harmonized data exchange protocol, including the sufficient quantity, quality, and format of the data exchange.</p>

scholarly journals Hydrological simulation of flood transformations in the upper Danube River: Case study of large flood events

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Bačová Mitková ◽  
Pavla Pekárová ◽  
Pavol Miklánek ◽  
Ján Pekár
Keyword(s):  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
River Reach ◽  
Flood Waves

Abstract The problem of understand natural processes as factors that restrict, limit or even jeopardize the interests of human society is currently of great concern. The natural transformation of flood waves is increasingly affected and disturbed by artificial interventions in river basins. The Danube River basin is an area of high economic and water management importance. Channel training can result in changes in the transformation of flood waves and different hydrographic shapes of flood waves compared with the past. The estimation and evolution of the transformation of historical flood waves under recent river conditions is only possible by model simulations. For this purpose a nonlinear reservoir cascade model was constructed. The NLN-Danube nonlinear reservoir river model was used to simulate the transformation of flood waves in four sections of the Danube River from Kienstock (Austria) to Štúrovo (Slovakia) under relatively recent river reach conditions. The model was individually calibrated for two extreme events in August 2002 and June 2013. Some floods that occurred on the Danube during the period of 1991–2002 were used for the validation of the model. The model was used to identify changes in the transformational properties of the Danube channel in the selected river reach for some historical summer floods (1899, 1954 1965 and 1975). Finally, a simulation of flood wave propagation of the most destructive Danube flood of the last millennium (August 1501) is discussed.

scholarly journals Contribution to the knowledge on the distribution of freshwater sponges – the Danube and Sava rivers case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Andjus ◽  
Nadja Nikolic ◽  
Valerija Dobricic ◽  
Ana Marjanovic ◽  
Zoran Gacic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Danube River ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Freshwater Sponges ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate ◽  
Sava River ◽  
Ephydatia Fluviatilis ◽  
The Sava River

Sponges in the large rivers within the Danube River Basin (DRB) have not been adequately studied. Hence, the aim of this work was to undertake an investigation on the distribution of sponge species in the Danube and Sava rivers. Out of 88 localities covered by the study, sponges were found at 25 sites only (46 samples in total). By using morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy) and genetic (28S rDNA sequencing) analysis, four species were determined: Ephydatia fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1759), Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759), Eunapius fragilis (Leidy, 1851), Trochospongilla horrida Weltner, 1893. In the Danube, the predominant species was found to be E. fluviatilis making approximately 80% of collected samples, while in the Sava River S. lacustris dominated, representing 46% of the river sponges. Our work represents one of the few studies on freshwater sponges within the DRB from long stretches of the large lowland rivers (more than 2500 km of the Danube River and about 900 km of the Sava River). Moreover, molecular analysis for the identification of freshwater sponges was applied on the material collected from a wide area, thus contributing to the systematic studies on the distribution and abundance of the European freshwater invertebrate fauna in general.

scholarly journals Znaczenie Dunaju w europejskiej sieci dróg wodnych

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6(69)) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Małgorzata Kastory
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Danube River ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Danube Region

The Role of the Danube River in the Trans-European Waterway Network In the 20th century, the Danube Region was subject to numerous and far-reaching political transformations, which had a negative impact on the expansion of the Danube waterway transport, affected mainly by political, economical and military crises that took place in the 1990s. Nowadays, only 9% of all river cargo is shipped via the Danube River. The European Union makes an effort to increase this number up to 30%, and to ensure the river’s permanent inclusion in the Trans-European Transport Network, with an ongoing process of adjusting the Danube shipping law to the regulations applicable to other European rivers. Nonetheless, the implementation of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region has little effect on the transportation growth in the Danube Basin so far – due to insufficient support from the European Union, the Danubian countries’ unwillingness to carry out expensive investments, and difficulties related to the process of redirecting the existing trade routes.

scholarly journals The Assessment of the Surface Water Quality Using the Water Pollution Index: A Case Study of the Timok River (The Danube River Basin), Serbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Brankov ◽  
Dragana Milijašević ◽  
Ana Milanović
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Water Pollution Index ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
The Republic

The Assessment of the Surface Water Quality Using the Water Pollution Index: A Case Study of the Timok River (The Danube River Basin), Serbia The Timok River (202 km long, 4547 km2 basin area) is located in East Serbia. It is a right tributary of the Danube River and one of the most polluted watercourses in Serbia. On the basis of the data provided by the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, the paper presents an analysis of water quality and pollution using the combined physico-chemical WPI index (Water Pollution Index) calculated for two periods - 1993-96 and 2006-2009 at four hydrological stations: Zaječar-Gamzigrad (Crni Timok River), Zaječar (Beli Timok River), Rgotina (Borska Reka River) and Čokonjar (Timok River). The following parameters were taken into consideration: dissolved O2, O2 saturation, pH, suspended sediments, Five Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODMn), nitrites, nitrates, orthophosphates, ammonium, metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Hg, Ni, Zn, Cd), sulphates and coliform germs. The average WPI values were calculated for the observed periods based on the comparison of the annual average values of the listed parameters and defined standard values for the I water quality class (according to the Regulation on the Hygienic Acceptability of Potable Water of the Republic of Serbia). The highest pollution degree was recorded in the Borska Reka River, where heavy metal levels (especially manganese and iron) were significantly increased. These metals are indicators of inorganic pollution (primarily caused by copper mining). Also, increased values of the organic pollution indicators (ammonium, coliform germs, Five-Day Biological Oxygen Demand - BOD5) in the Borska Reka and the Timok rivers are the result of uncontrolled domestic wastewater discharge.

APPLICATION OF THE «CLIMATE-RUNOFF» MODEL TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE DANUBE RIVER BASIN WATER RESOURCES IN THE XXI CENTURY ACCORDING TO THE CLIMATE SCENARIOS (A1B)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Loboda ◽  
◽  
Y.V. Bozhok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Danube River ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Grid Nodes

The results of calculations of possible state of water resources within The Danube River in the XXI century were shown. This estimation was based on the model «climate-runoff», developed in Odessa State Environmental University. As the input to model data of climate scenario A1B (model REMO) were used. Average long-term annual flow values using meteorological data (air temperature and precipitation) from the scenario for different climatic periods of XXI century were calculated. 32 points (grid nodes) which were uniformly distributed over the catchment area of The Danube River were studied. Projection of changes in water resources was given by comparing the calculation results in the past (before 1989) and in the future (1990-2030, 2031-2070, 2071-2100). The major trends in climatic factors of the flow formation and water resources were established. It is shown that the climatic conditions in the XXI century on the Danube River catchment is unfavorable for the formation of runoff. The positive component of the water balance (precipitation) remains unchanged and the negative component (evaporation) increases. Isolines of norms of climatic annual flow within the whole basin were constructed. It is established that by 2030 a significant reduction of water resources will not occur; during the 2031-2070 diminution will be 17,9%; during the 2071-2100 – 22,0%. Thus, in the XXI century, changes in the water resources of the Danube will not be destructive and irreversible.

scholarly journals Review "Structural flood-protection measures referring to several European case studies"

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kryžanowski ◽  
M. Brilly ◽  
S. Rusjan ◽  
S. Schnabl
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Flood Defense ◽  
Structural Measures ◽  
Flood Prone Areas

Abstract. The paper presents a critical review of structural measures that were taken to cope with floods in some cities along the Danube River, such as Vienna, Bratislava, Belgrade, and Barcolennette area along the Ubaye River. These cities are also taken as case studies within the KULTURisk project. The structural measures are critically reviewed and compared to each other. Based on this review some suggestions are given how to improve the flood defense in flood prone areas.

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