scholarly journals Naturmangfoldloven - vern av løse og "faste" kulturminner fra andre verdenskrig som del av særpreget og karakteren til landskapsvernområder

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-140
Author(s):  
Stein Farstadvoll ◽  
Gørill Nilsen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Landscape Diversity ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
World War ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Second World ◽  
Landscape Protection

One of the main purposes of The Act of 19 June 2009 No.100 Relating to the Management of Biological, Geological and Landscape Diversity is to protect landscape diversity. Consequently, protection of cultural heritage is also an integrated part of the management of Landscape Protection Areas. Via a case study of the Second World War Luftwaffe storage site at Gjøkåsen, which is part of Øvre Pasvik Landscape Protection Area in Sør-Varanger Municipality, Troms and Finnmark County, the article discusses the difference between sites and objects and how this distinction may influence how or if remains from the Second World War gain legal protection under The Nature Diversity Act. The article concludes that in the future a potentially "greener" management of cultural heritage in Norway must employ an environmental approach where nature and culture are interwoven and not antonymic concepts.

Part I Historical Overview, Ch.2 Intellectual Cooperation Organisation, Unesco, And The Culture Conventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vrdoljak Ana Filipa ◽  
Meskell Lynn
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Second World War ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Second World

This chapter provides an overview of multilateral interventions in the field of cultural heritage and its legal protection over the last century by focusing on the work of specialist cultural international organizations that have spearheaded the adoption and implementation of the leading treaties. The first part examines the early work of the League of Nations’ Intellectual Cooperation Organisation from the 1920s to the Second World War. The second part considers the work of its successor, UNESCO from the mid-twentieth century to the present day. The concluding observations consider the challenges which both organizations faced in realizing their mission in the cultural field. A deeper understanding of the ideals, challenges, and tensions which have marked the internal workings of UNESCO, its forerunner, and their Members States is fundamental to appreciating the instruments and initiatives in the cultural field that they adopted and seek to implement.

The Ukrainian emigrant press in Germany after Second World War (1945–1948) as a source for investigation of historical and cultural heritage of the Ukrainian diaspora

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Natalia Kuzina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Political Prisoners ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Source Study ◽  
Second World ◽  
Significant Attention

The collection of periodicals of camps for displaced persons and the Ukrainian emigrant press are considered as a study source for investigation of historical and cultural heritage of the Ukrainian Diaspora. It is highlighted that despite challenging conditions after the Second World War, the Ukrainian emigrants cared not only about material needs, but also preserved national cultural heritage. It is argued that the process mentioned above took place in constant struggle with the Soviet repressive system, which aspired to bring back as many displaced persons as possible. However, deliberate Ukrainian intellectuals had different political views but were united by the Ukrainian national idea and created significant historical and cultural heritage after the Second World War, particularly in Germany, part of the heritage was described on the pages of periodicals of the Ukrainian Diaspora. Number and social composition of the Ukrainian emigrants after the Second World War in Germany and Austria is analyzed on the basis of the periodicals, particularly «The Bulletin of Information Help Service». Establishment of educational institutions, archives and libraries in 1945–1948 in Germany is described. Considerable attention is paid to analysis of periodical the «UFAS Chronicle», and investigation of activities of the museum-archive, scientific library and «The Society for the Protection of Ukrainian Heritage Abroad» of the Ukrainian Free Academy of Science in Germany is based on these materials. Significant attention should be drawn to activities of the Scientific and Research Institute of the Ukrainian Martyrology of the Ukrainian Political Prisoners League. Study of the Ukrainian Diaspora periodicals enables to formulate source study vision for students to understand participation of Diaspora in preservation of the heritage and ways of utilization in tourist activities.

ISTRIA’S ARTISTIC AND SPIRITUAL HERITAGE IN ABEYANCE: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND CULTURAL COMMUNITY RIGHTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-241
Author(s):  
Francesca Fiorentini ◽  
Andrzej Jakubowski
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Community Rights ◽  
Current Controversy ◽  
Second World

This article deals with the contested status of two groups of cultural objects – a collection of priceless artworks, and fifteen church bells – originating from Istria, precisely from the present-day territory of the Slovenian and Croatian Littorals, and preserved in Italy since the turbulent, tragic times of the Second World War. It argues that the ownership title to such objects does not lie at the centre of the current controversy between Slovenia (and potentially Croatia) and Italy. Instead, it seems that the fundamental issue in this regard refers to the recognition and realization of cultural community rights to such heritage, affected by political, territorial and ethnic transformations. This article discusses various international legal regimes that might be applicable in this case of Istria’s contested cultural heritage, with special focus on the enhancement of cultural human rights and international cultural cooperation. It also touches upon the concept of procedural justice, built on the principles of participation, voice and transparency, which are perceived as crucial in negotiating and managing cultural heritage matters and controversies.

From Crime to Cultural Heritage

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Ruotsala
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
World War ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Better Than

This article concentrates on one particular local cross-border activity carried on after the Second World War. This was a type of smuggling called joppaus in the local dialect, a practice which was enabled by the post-war economic recession and the scarcity of goods from which Finland suffered. This form of unauthorised economy is said to have been responsible for the rapid revival of the region and its inhabitants after the destruction inflicted by the war. The standard of living in the Tornio River Valley has been better than in the north of Finland in general, and this has been explained in part by this type of smuggling. Furthermore, in the last few decades joppaus has become part of the local cultural heritage.

scholarly journals The problem of the development of the historical and cultural heritage of the Returned Lands (Poland) on the pages of the Osadnik magazine: the experience of content analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Computerized Text Analysis

After the Second World War the former eastern provinces of Germany, called the Recovered Territories, were joined to Poland. The purpose of the study is to identify the main approaches to the development of the historical and cultural heritage of new territories, presented on the pages of the Polish magazine “Osadnik” (1946–1948), using the methods of computerized text analysis. It is concluded that two interrelated tendencies were the main ones in the policy of the state – the removal from the cultural landscape German features and the return of its Polish appearance.

My life being so difficult a one to live

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Boyd Maunsell
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Many ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

An account of Wyndham Lewis’s career as a portrait painter opens this chapter, with a focus on the many self-portraits he painted during his life. The theme of the difference between visual and literary self-portraiture is explored, and the role of satire in portraiture. The chapter examines Lewis’s first autobiography Blasting and Bombardiering (1937), and his depiction of the period leading up to and through the First World War. It also analyzes Lewis’s self-imposed exile during the Second World War during his emigration to America and Canada with his wife Anne, portrayed in Self Condemned (1954), and the subsequent writing of Rude Assignment (1950) after Lewis’s return to England. Lewis’s word portraits of Ford and Stein in his autobiographies are discussed, as are the omissions in these autobiographies.

De Festung IJmuiden en de werken in het duin

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
HENK BAAS
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Coastal Defence ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Second World

The Festung IJmuiden and the works in the dunes The Atlantic Wall was an extensive system of coastal defence and bunkers built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944. In the Netherlands, two so-called Festungen were built to protect the harbours which were of great interest for the German occupiers. This map shows the Festung IJmuiden, built around the locks and harbours. The steelworks at the north side were also protected by this fortification. Besides different types of bunkers it also consisted of anti-tank ditches, antitank walls, dunes, minefields and hospitals. After the Second World War the traces of Nazi Germany were partly removed, also in this part of the Atlantic Wall. But many elements have remained and are more and more appreciated as cultural heritage.

Writing memory: intertextuality and intra-textuality

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Stalin Era ◽  
Close Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Web

This chapter explores the web of intra-textual allusion that connects the most diverse of Berggol′ts's works. The intensely self-referential nature of her writing, particularly after the Second World War, suggests that the poet's creative response to contradictions she could not resolve was to embark on a continuing and open-ended process of self-refashioning, striving towards but never achieving wholeness. Berggol′ts's writing on the Leningrad siege is situated within the context of her work as a whole, rather than being analysed in isolation. This close study of the work of a single author will, it is hoped, provoke readers whose interests include Russian poetry, the literary history of the Soviet period, other ‘official’ writers in the Stalin era, and women's writing into reassessing the cultural heritage of an era that can seem remote and impenetrable.

scholarly journals The Royal Commission on Espionage and the Spy Trials of 1946-9: A Case Study in Parliamentary Supremacy

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Dominique Clément
Keyword(s):  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
Canadian History ◽  
World War ◽  
Parliamentary Supremacy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

Abstract Through an examination of the 1946 Royal Commission on Espionage, this paper explores the relationship between Parliamentary supremacy and the civil liberties movement in the period immediately after the Second World War. The commission was formed in late 1945 in response to the defection of Russian cipher clerk Igor Gouzenko, and investigated the existence of a Russian-led spy ring that had recruited several Canadian civil servants. The commission is unique in Canadian history because it was empowered under the War Measures Act, which granted the commission enormous powers. In examining the legal debate surrounding the extreme measures used by this commission, this paper attempts to offer a few answers to some important questions about Canadian civil liberties. What were the consequences of the commission's actions? Do Canadians accept the argument that a government can violate individual liberties to protect the integrity of the state? The Royal Commission on Espionage played a central role in stimulating debate over the need to develop greater legal protection for individual rights against state abuse in Canada.

scholarly journals The Journey of Cultural Heritage Protection as a Common Goal for Human Kind: Rosenberg to Al-Mahdi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-123
Author(s):  
Erez Roman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Hague Convention ◽  
Second World War ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
World War ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The People ◽  
Second World

This paper intends to examine and analyse the role, if any, played by motive and intent in the legal qualification and prosecution of cultural heritage destruction. The ongoing power struggles in the Near-East and the Northern Africa regions have had devastating effects on the people living in the region as well as on cultural heritage sites. Nevertheless, such conflict-related destruction of cultural heritage is not new, as exemplified by the persecution of Jews prior to the Second World War. Different legal instruments such as the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict  and the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2347 were adopted to protect cultural heritage barring importance for all of humankind. By comparing these instruments and assessing different cases, I will study the evolving role of these factors in the legal qualification and prosecution of cultural heritage destruction. As such acts continue to take place in countries such as Syria and Afghanistan and cause the destruction of a millennium’s worth of cultural memorabilia, a better understanding of the reasons behind such occurrences is key to effective prosecution.

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