scholarly journals Scandinavian/Rus’ Captives and Slave Soldiers: an Eastern Perspective

Viking ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Csete Katona
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Eastern Baltic

During the Viking Age (c. AD 750–1050), the Rus’, an inclusive group of warrior-merchants of mainly Scandinavian origin – owning and trading slaves – were active in the East (in this case the eastern Baltic region, European Russia, Belarus, the Ukraine, the Black Sea region, Byzantium, the Caucasus, and beyond). There are several written accounts of Rus’ taken captive in the East during the Viking Age, including information about some of them ending up as slaves. This article will examine different fates of Rus’ captives in these areas, on the basis of contemporary Byzantine, Muslim – and to a limited extent – later Old Slavic and Old Norse written accounts. The sources reveal that the captured Scandinavian/Rus’ warriors often were victims of a special type of subjugation: ‘slave soldiery’. This status will be contrasted to other types of militarily subordination to illuminate the relative social standings of such warrior groups in the East.

scholarly journals Plant quarantine alarm: as much as 20 new alien insect pest species includingDrosophila suzukiiappeared in the Caucasus in the last seven years

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej O. Bieńkowski ◽  
Marina J. Orlova-Bienkowskaja ◽  
Natalia N Karpun
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
European Russia ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region

AbstractIn 2011-2017 an unusually high number of invasive pests new to European Russia were detected for the first time in Sochi on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. We present the first reports of two pests new for the Caucasus and European Russia found in 2017:Drosophila suzukii(a pest of fruit, included to EPPO A2 list) andOtiorhynchus armadillo(a pest of agricultural and ornamental plants). Other recently established insects: a polyphagous pestHalyomorpha halys(first record in 2014); pests of palm trees included to EPPO A2 list:Paysandisia archon(2014) andRhynchophorus ferrugineus(2012); a pest of Solanaceae:Epitrix hirtipennis(2013); a pest of ornamental flowers:Luperomorpha xanthodera(2016); a pest of soybeans:Medythia nigrobilineata(2016); a pest of wine production:Harmonia axyridis(2012); a pest of strawberry:Stelidota geminata(2013); pests ofEucalyptus: Ophelimus maskelli(2011),Glycaspis bremblecomblei(2014),Leptocybe invasa(2014); a pest of Cupressaceae:Lamprodila festiva(2013); a pest ofGleditsia: Dasineura gleditchiae(2011), a pest ofBuxus: Cydalima perspectalis(2012); a pest ofAlbizia: Acizzia jamatonica(2014); a pest ofCercis: Cacopsylla pulchella(2014). Probably most of insects were introduced with imported planting material during the landscaping of the city of Sochi in preparation for the Olympic Games (held in 2014). Quarantine measures should be taken to prevent dispersal of these pests to other regions of the Caucasus and countries of the Black Sea region. Attention should be paid to a new pest for EuropeMedythia nigrobilineata.

Imperial confrontation or regional cooperation?: Bulgarian migration and Ottoman-Russian relations in the Black Sea region, 1768-1830s

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Robarts
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Primary Unit

The Black Sea region from 1768-1830s has traditionally been characterized as a theater of warfare and imperial competition. Indeed, during this period, the Ottoman and Russian empires engaged in four armed conflicts for supremacy in the Balkans, the Caucasus, and on the Black Sea itself. While not discounting geo-strategic and ideological confrontation between the Ottoman and Russian empires, this article - by adopting the Black Sea region as its primary unit of historical and political analysis - will emphasize the considerable amount of exchange that took place between the Ottoman and Russian empires in the Black Sea region in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Building upon a case study of Bulgarian migration between the Ottoman and Russian empires and as part of a broader discussion on Ottoman-Russian Black Sea diplomacy this article will detail joint Ottoman-Russian initiatives to control their mutual Black Sea borderland.

scholarly journals Imagination and Ethnography.

Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
ELENI SIDERI
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Regional Interest

Abstract: In this paper, I will explore the use of fiction films as a teaching methods in classes of social anthropology with regional interest. I will compare the use of different films from the Black Sea region as way to 1. familiarise my students with the historical dis/continuities and presuppositions which contribute to the formation of the ‘region’, 2.bring them in contact with the methods of doing and writing ethnography. For this undertake, I am going to use four films, two from Georgia and two from the eastern shores of the Black Sea (Bulgaria and Romania). The discussion proposes a method of teaching through fiction films which traces the interlinks between imagination and representation. Keywords: stereotypes, area studies, the Caucasus, the Black Sea, Georgia, Bulgaria, Romania, violence, corruption

scholarly journals Anatolia as a bridge from north to south? Recent research in the Hatti heartland

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Thomas Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North

AbstractThis paper aims to reappraise and evaluate central Anatolian connections with the Black Sea region and the Caucasus focusing mainly on the third millennium BC. In its first part, a ceremonial item, the knobbed or ‘mushroom’ macehead, in its various appearances, is discussed in order to reconstruct a possible pattern of circulation and exchange of shapes and values over a longer period of time in the regions of Anatolia, southeast Europe and the Caucasus in the third and late second to early first millennium BC. The second part is devoted to the archaeometrical study of selected metal and mineral artefacts from the Early Bronze Age necropolis of Resuloğlu, which together with the contemporary settlement and graveyard at Kalınkaya-Toptaştepe represent two typical later Early Bronze Age sites in the Anatolian heartland. The high values of tin and arsenic used for most of the smaller jewellery items are suggestive of an attempt to imitate gold and silver, and the amounts of these alloying agents suggest a secure supply from arsenic sources located along the Black Sea littoral in the north and probably tin ores to the southeast of central Anatolia. This places these ‘Hattian’ sites within a trade network that ran from the Pontic mountain ridge to the Taurus foothills.

THE CONCEPT OF THE BALTIC-BLACK SEA ARC AND UKRAINIAN FOREIGN POLICY (1990 - EARLY 2000)

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Alexandr S. Levchenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Eastern Baltic ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The article analyzes the influence of the concepts of the Intermarium and the Baltic-Black Sea Arc on the formation of Ukraine’s foreign policy in 1990 – early 2000. The use of these concepts in American, European and Ukrainian geopolitical thought, which historically included the idea of opposing Russian influence in the region, contributed to the increase in tension and was aimed at further disintegration of the Western flank of the post-Soviet space. The article proves that the design of the Euro-Atlantic vector of Ukraine’s foreign policy was already active under the first two Ukrainian presidents – Leonid Kravchuk (1991–1994) and Leonid Kuchma (1994–2005). One of the concrete attempts to implement the idea of forming a common political, economic, transport and logistics space of the Black Sea-Caspian region with a promising expansion of the cooperation zone to the whole of Eastern Europe and the Eastern Baltic during the presidency of Leonid Kuchma was the foundation and launch of a new regional organization, Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, better known as GUAM (composed by the initial letters of names of member states – Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova; when Uzbekistan was also a member of Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, the name of the organization was GUUAM), which is an alternative to Eurasian projects with the participation of Russia.

Obsidian Exchange Networks in Prehistoric Anatolia: New Data from the Black Sea Region

Paléorient ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Bleda S. Düring ◽  
Bernard Gratuze
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Black Sea Region

The referendum as an institution in the Black Sea Region: Does it signal the rise or collapse of democracy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Podolak
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Important State ◽  
Constitutional Changes

Views on the institution of direct democracy have changed during the period of democratic transition. The various advantages and positive effects of direct democracy have been confirmed by the practice of some democratic countries. Its educational and political activation value for society was also noted, without which civil society cannot form. The referendum is especially treated as the purest form of correlation between the views of society and the decisions of its representatives. In a situation where two representative bodies are present – the parliament and the president – a referendum is considered a means of resolving disputes between them in important state affairs. The referendum is nowadays becoming more than just a binding or consultative opinion on a legislative act, especially a constitution. First and foremost, it is important to see the extension of the type and scope of issues that are subject to direct voting. Apart from the traditional, i.e., constitutional changes, polarising issues that raise considerable emotion have become the subject of referenda. Problems of this type include, in particular, moral issues, membership in international organisations, and so-called ‘New Policy’. This article presents the role and importance of the referendum as an institution shaping the democratic systems of the Black Sea Region.

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