Influences of Transition Cow Nutrition on Health and Reproduction of Dairy Cows

The transition period refers to the time between 3-4 weeks prior to and 4 weeks after calving. This is the period with the highest incidence of metabolic and other periparturient disorders. Many of these disorders interrelated and often coincide. Proper management and nutrition of the transition cow are critical for obtaining maximum dry matter intake, good health, increased reproductive efficiency and optimum milk production in the following lactation. The present review is comprised from two parts. In the first one, selected information is provided concerning the most important metabolic diseases of the transition period (hypocalcemia, ketosis) and, in brief, how hypocalcemia is interrelated to other diseases (mastitis, metritis, retained fetal membranes and abomasal displacement). In the second part, up-to-date nutritional methods applied in the transition period to prevent these metabolic periparturient diseases, with emphasis in hypocalcemia, are described.

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Effects of far-off and close-up transition cow feeding on uterine health, postpartum anestrous interval, and reproductive outcomes in pasture-based dairy cows

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s40104-019-0416-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

S. Meier ◽

J. K. Kay ◽

B. Kuhn-Sherlock ◽

A. Heiser ◽

M. D. Mitchell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Outcomes ◽

Transition Cow ◽

Uterine Health

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Effect of supplementing glucose in drinking water on the energy and nitrogen status of the transition dairy cow

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a01-094 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 427-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

V. R. Osborne ◽

K. E. Leslie ◽

B. W. McBride

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Serum Urea ◽

Nitrogen Status ◽

Transition Cow ◽

Transition Cows ◽

Periparturient Period ◽

Glucose Supplementation

The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of supplementing the drinking water of transition dairy cattle with glucose on the energy and nitrogen status of the cow. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments for an experimental period that extended from -7 to 21 d of lactation. The treatments included a 0% (control), 1% (10 g L-1) and 2% (20 g L-1) glucose solution metered into the drinking water of dairy cows. Water and dry matter intake (DMI) were not affected by treatment. Glucose supplementation in the drinking water significantly reduced the rumen fluid ammonia and serum urea concentrations. No differences were seen in serum concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and the energy corrected milk (ECM) yield. The calculated NE balance was not affected by glucose supplementation. The results of this trial demonstrate that glucose supplemented into the drinking water of transition cows improves the nitrogen status of the cow, but does not alter the NEL balance during the periparturient period. Key words: Water supplementation, glucose, transition cow, serum urea

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens of dairy cows in Switzerland

Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde ◽

10.1024/0036-7281/a000635 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 156 (10) ◽

pp. 483-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

F. Rüegsegger ◽

J. Ruf ◽

A. Tschuor ◽

Y. Sigrist ◽

M. Rosskopf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Mastitis Pathogens

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Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.70.3.92 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 92-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Burim Ametaj ◽

Brian Nonnecke ◽

Ronald Horst ◽

Donald Beitz

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Pokeweed Mitogen ◽

Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Ifn Gamma ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽

1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

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Influence of the herbal component of a commercial feed additive on serum parameters, fertility and longevity of dairy cows

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0030-1264919 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (12) ◽

Author(s):

M Walkenhorst ◽

S Ivemeyer ◽

J Spranger ◽

G Arndt ◽

R Schaette

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Serum Parameters ◽

Commercial Feed

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Relation between intravascular electrolyte level and course of parturition in dairy cows

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G Großtiere / Nutztiere ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1623185 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (05) ◽

pp. 289-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Seyrek-Intas ◽

K. Failing ◽

G. Yilmazbas Mecitoglu ◽

H. Bostedt ◽

D. Seyrek-Intas

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Inorganic Phosphate ◽

Post Partum ◽

Total Calcium ◽

Normal Delivery ◽

P Values ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Electrolyte Homeostasis ◽

Convalescence Phase

Summary Objective: To determine the intravascular electrolyte status in dairy cows with respect to age and different courses of parturition to clarify etiological factors influencing peri- or intrapartal imbalances of electrolyte homeostasis. Material and methods: A total of 64 cows at birth were evaluated (primiparous n = 34, pluriparous n = 30). Thirty-three cows showed normal delivery, while 31 cows had a complicated birth. Blood samples were collected intra partum (i. p.) and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24 h post partum (p. p.) as well as [2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 days p. p. and levels of total calcium (Catotal), ionized calcium (Caion), inorganic phosphate (Pa), Mg, Na, K, Cl were determined. Results: The results revealed that electrolytes show great fluctuation during and immediately p. p. in relation to age. Already during parturition pluriparous cows had a lower Catotal and Pa concentration compared to primiparous animals. Cows with dystocia exhibited a more intensive and longer lasting decrease of Ca compared to cows with normal birth. In relation to age and severity of birth Pa concentration showed a differing but basically typical course for this electrolyte. Mg, Na, K and Cl concentrations were higher during and immediately after birth compared to p. p. values. Until day 10 p. p. these electrolyte concentrations declined more in older cows with dystocia compared to younger animals. However, the influence of dystocia on concentration of these electrolytes was milder in contrast to Ca and Pa. Conclusions: In summary, primarily older cows are predisposed to imbalances of electrolyte homeostasis intra partum and at the beginning of the lactation. These changes are potentiated in case of complications during parturition. Intravascular Catotal, Caion as well as Pa are most severely affected. Clinical relevance: These results may constitute the basis for a comprehensive metaphylaxis during the peripartal period, especially in cows after dystocia, to positively influence the early convalescence phase.

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