Effect of supplementing glucose in drinking water on the energy and nitrogen status of the transition dairy cow

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Osborne ◽  
K. E. Leslie ◽  
B. W. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Nitrogen Status ◽  
Transition Cow ◽  
Transition Cows ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Glucose Supplementation

The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of supplementing the drinking water of transition dairy cattle with glucose on the energy and nitrogen status of the cow. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments for an experimental period that extended from -7 to 21 d of lactation. The treatments included a 0% (control), 1% (10 g L-1) and 2% (20 g L-1) glucose solution metered into the drinking water of dairy cows. Water and dry matter intake (DMI) were not affected by treatment. Glucose supplementation in the drinking water significantly reduced the rumen fluid ammonia and serum urea concentrations. No differences were seen in serum concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and the energy corrected milk (ECM) yield. The calculated NE balance was not affected by glucose supplementation. The results of this trial demonstrate that glucose supplemented into the drinking water of transition cows improves the nitrogen status of the cow, but does not alter the NEL balance during the periparturient period. Key words: Water supplementation, glucose, transition cow, serum urea

scholarly journals Dried poultry manure as a feed ingredient for dairy cows

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-148
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Feed Utilisation ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

The study investigated the utilisation of dried poultry manure as a protein source for lactating cows and its influence on the blood metabolic profile and rumen fermentation. Two consecutive feeding trials were carried out for the comparison of dried poultry manure (DPM) 20 %, soybean meal (SBM) 10 % and urea 1.5 % as protein supplement in a concentrate mixture. Eighteen cows were used in each of the two experiments. The experimental period was 13 weeks in Expt. 1 and 15 weeks in Expt. 2. The apparent DM digestibilities of the DPM, SBM and UREA rations were 69.9, 72.0 and 74.0 % (P < 0.05) and crude protein digestibilities were 72.0, 71.8 and 76.0 % (P < 0.01). The FU-value of the DPM ration was lower (P < 0.01) than the SBM and UREA rations. The palatability of the concentrate including DPM was depressed (P < 0.05). The differences in milk yield and milk constituents between groups were not statistically significant. Feed utilisation was equal in Expt. 1 0.37 FU/kg FCM but in Expt. 2 value of 0.39 for the DPM group was lower than 0.45 for the SBM or 0,43 for the UREA group (P < 0.05). The values obtained in hematological and blood chemical analyses were within normal ranges. The blood metabolic parameters indicate that DPM can be used as feed for dairy cows without any detrimental effect on health. The rumen fermentation was investigated with rumen fistulated cows in two experiments. With a constant feeding level and the DPM inclusion adjusted to 0, 10, 20 and 40 % of concentrate mixture, the rumen fluid ammonia-N increased with the increasing amount of DPM in the diet (P < 0.05). The NH3-N concentration was still lower (P < 0.05) in the isonitrogenous SBM diet. Furthermore, with increasing DPM inclusion the molar percentage of acetic acid of the total volatile fatty acids increased (P < 0.05), the percentages of propionic acid and butyric acid decreased. The total volume of microbial mass was 10—20 % higher with the SBM diet than the various DPM diets.

Modes of transmission of rumen protozoa between mature sheep

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon H. Bird ◽  
R. S. Hegarty ◽  
R. Woodgate
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Animal Contact ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate routes by which viable rumen ciliate-protozoa may be transferred between mature sheep. Feed, water and faecal material were tested as possible vectors for protozoal transfer in addition to direct animal to animal contact. In Experiment 1, protozoa-free sheep were either offered or orally dosed with protozoa-contaminated material or allowed contact with faunated animals. The treated sheep were then monitored over a 4-week period for the appearance of protozoa in the rumen. Protozoa were successfully transferred to protozoa-free animals via contaminated water but no transfer occurred via feed or faeces or by direct animal to animal contact. In Experiment 2, the drinking water of penned faunated sheep was found to become contaminated with protozoa within 4–6 h of being placed in the pen. In Experiment 3, nine protozoa-free sheep were grazed in a paddock with a flock of 75 faunated ewes for periods of 1–3 weeks, and protozoa became established in one protozoa-free sheep. The results of these studies suggest that the most likely mode of transfer of protozoal cells from one sheep to another is via water, rather than by rumen fluid contaminating feed, or from faeces of faunated sheep. Further tests are required to demonstrate protozoal transmission via water occur under a range of conditions and inoculum levels.

Rumen Microbiota Alterations During Ketosis is Associated with the Development of Mastitis in Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaihe Xiang ◽  
Xiaoyu Hu ◽  
Ruiying Mu ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Serious Disease

Abstract Backgroud: Mastitis is the most serious disease endangering animal husbandry, especially dairy farming. Clinical investigations indicated that cows suffering from ketosis have a higher probability of mastitis. Rumen microbiota is closely related to ruminant health. However, it is not clear what role it plays in this process.Results: The microbiota in rumen fluid and milk from ketosis cows were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the richness of bacterial community both in rumen and milk were changed in ketosis cows. The abundance of genus Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001 and Streptococcus in rumen fluid from ketosis cows decreased significantly and were negatively correlated with blood BHBA and milk SCC. In contrast, the abundance of genus Luteimonas, Thermomonas, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, NK4A214_group, Paracoccus, Acetitomaculum, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Deinococcus, Saccharofermentans and Butyrivibrio in rumen fluid from ketosis cows increased significantly and were positively correlated with blood BHBA and milk SCC. In addition, the abundance of F082 and Thermomonas were increased, while the abundance of genus Acinetobacter and UCG-005 were reduced both in milk and rumen fluid in ketosis cows than healthy cows. Conclusions: Ketosis in dairy cows is capable of inducing mastitis. The rumen microbiota of ketotic cows changed significantly and is associated with the development of mastitis. Targeting rumen microbiota regulation may be a promising strategy to prevent metabolism disorder and its secondary diseases in dairy cows.

scholarly journals DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN FAT PERCENT OF COW'S MILK

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 731-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay

The effect of level and type of supplement offered to grazing dairy cows on herbage intake, animal performance and rumen fermentation characteristics

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Sayers ◽  
C. S. Mayne ◽  
C. G. Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Herbage Intake

AbstractA study was undertaken to examine the effect of level and type of supplement and changes in the chemical composition of herbage through the grazing season on herbage intake, animal performance and rumen characteristics with high-yielding dairy cows. Thirty-two high genetic merit dairy cows were allocated to one of four treatments in a two-phase change-over design experiment. The four treatments involved offering either high-fibre (HF) or high-starch (HS) supplements at either 5 or 10 kg dry matter (DM) per day. Animals rotationally grazed perennial ryegrass swards offered a daily herbage allowance of 23 kg DM. High levels of animal performance were maintained throughout the study with mean milk yields over the 21-week experimental period of 35·5 and 37·2 kg per cow per day on the 5- and 10-kg treatments respectively. Supplement type had no significant effect on herbage intake. Increasing the level of supplementation reduced herbage intake by 0·49 and 0·46 kg herbage DM per kg supplement DM and increased milk yield, with a milk yield response of 0·55 and 0·65 kg/kg supplement DM offered in phases 1 and 2. Supplement type had no significant effect on milk yield and milk butterfat content. However, in both phases 1 and 2, milk protein content was significantly higher with cows offered the HS supplement compared with the HF supplement, this being particularly evident at the higher level of supplementation. Supplement type also had marked effects on milk protein composition. These results indicate that high levels of performance can be achieved with dairy cows on grazed pasture with moderate levels of supplementation.

scholarly journals Is rumenocentesis a safe technique to collect rumen fluid in dairy cows?

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. PANOUSIS ◽  
G. KITKAS ◽  
G. E. VALERGAKIS
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Safe Technique ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Subacute ruminal acidosis is a major issue in dairy cattle and a definite diagnosis is only established by measuring the rumen fluid pH, most credibly collected by rumenocentesis. However, due to its invasive nature, there is still some debate whether it is a safe method or poses risks for cows’ health and welfare. The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the safety of rumenocentesis as a technique to obtain rumen fluid in dairy cows. Results were derived from 2 studies. In study 1, rumenocentesis was performed in 153 Holstein cows from 12 herds, once, between 10 and 90 days in milk (DIM). In study 2, 83 Holstein cows from a dairy farm were repeatedly subjected to rumenocentesisat 30, 90 and 150 DIM. From the 83 cows that were initially enrolled, 8 were culled before the end of the study for reasons irrelative to rumenocentesis; therefore, 236 rumenocenteses were actually performed in study 2 (3 times in 75 cows, twice in 3 cows and once in 5 cows). All cows were monitored for 10 days after rumenocentesis for presence of complications. In addition, daily milk yield was automatically recorded for each cow in study 2 to detect any possiblepost-rumenocentesis short-term reduction of milk yield. Minor only complications were recorded in 7 cases: in 4/153 (2.61%) and 3/236 (1.27%) rumenocenteses in studies 1 and 2, respectively. Small diameter abscesses in 6 cows (3 in study 1 and 3 in study 2) and a larger one in 1 cow in study 1 were observed. The 3 small abscesses in study 2 were all recorded after the 1st rumenocentesis, at DIM 30. All 7 cases were resolved spontaneously within two weeks. Moreover, short-term daily milk yield of study 2 cows was not affected by rumenocentesis. The conclusion is that rumenocentesis is a safe technique to collect small volume of rumen fluid for SARA diagnosis, which does not compromise cows’ health and welfare when appropriately performed.

scholarly journals Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Culture on Ruminal Fermentation, Blood Metabolism, and Performance of High-Yield Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2401
Author(s):  
Xiaoge Sun ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Erdan Wang ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Basal Ration

High-yield dairy cows with high-concentrate diets are more prone to experiencing health problems associated with rumen microbial imbalance. This study assessed the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture (SC), a food supplement, on ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), inflammatory cytokines, and performance of high-yield dairy cows. Forty Holstein cows with similar characteristics (e.g., milk yield, days of milk, and parity) were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group fed the basal ration supplemented with the SC of 100 g of SC per cow per day (hour, SC group), and a control group fed the same basal ration diet without SC (i.e., CON group). On average, the supplementation of SC started at 73 days of lactation. The experimental period lasted approximately 70 days (from 18 January to 27 March 2020), including 10 days for dietary adaptation. Milk yield was recorded daily. Rumen fluid and milk samples were collected after 2 h of feeding in the morning of day 0, 15, 30, and 60. The data showed that rumen pH increased (p < 0.05) when cows were provided with SC. On average, the cows in the SC group produced 1.36 kg (p < 0.05) more milk per day than those in the CON group. Milk fat content of cows in the SC group was also higher (4.11% vs. 3.96%) (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the concentration of acetic acid in the rumen fluid of dairy cows in the SC group was significantly higher (p < 0.05). There were no differences (p > 0.05) found in milk protein content and propionic acid between groups. The SC group had a tendency increase in butyric acid (p = 0.062) and total VFA (p = 0.058). The result showed that SC supplementation also enhanced the ratio between acetic and propionic. Most of the mean inflammatory cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, γ-IFN, and TNF-α) concentrations (p < 0.05) of the SC group were lower than CON group. This study demonstrated that high-yield cows receiving supplemental SC could produce more milk with higher fat content, have higher rumen acetate, and potentially less inflammatory cytokines.

Intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniimodulated rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qendrim Zebeli ◽  
Sarah J Terrill ◽  
Alberto Mazzolari ◽  
Suzanna M Dunn ◽  
Wen Z Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Fermentation Profile

This study evaluated the effects of intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniion ruminal fermentation patterns, the profile of plasma metabolites, and milk yield and composition of mid-lactation dairy cows. Eight primiparous, ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were arranged in a paired 2×2 crossover design. Cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) intraruminal inoculation of 35 ml suspension per day ofM. elsdeniiATCC 25940 (MEGA), containing 108cfu/ml of bacteria, dissolved in 35 ml of saline (0·15m), or 2) carrier alone (35 ml saline; CTR). Both postprandial and preprandial rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and plasma metabolite measurements were analysed. Postprandial VFA patterns were affected the most, with butyrate (P<0·01) and valerate (P<0·01) proportions increasing, and acetate (P<0·01), isobutyrate (P=0·05) and isovalerate (P<0·01) decreasing in MEGA cows. Preprandial data measured at various days showed that MEGA dosage tended to increase the molar proportion of propionate (P=0·09) and lower the acetate to propionate ratio (P=0·07) in the rumen fluid. There was no effect of treatment on rumen pH and on the concentration of lactate in the rumen as well as on selected preprandial plasma metabolites. Postprandial plasma concentrations of cholesterol tended to increase (P=0·07) in MEGA cows compared with CTR. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the plasma were lower in MEGA cows after the morning feeding (P<0·01). Sampling hour also affected plasma NEFA in this study. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were not affected by the treatment (P>0·05); however, after the morning feeding BHBA concentration was increased in both groups of cows. Dry matter intake and milk yield and composition were not affected by treatment. In conclusion, results indicate thatM. elsdeniihas the potential to modulate the rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation Holstein cows, but these effects were only slightly reflected in changes in plasma metabolites and milk composition.

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