scholarly journals Utilizing Animal Models of Infantile Spasms

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris G. Dulla
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Infantile Spasms ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Review Current ◽  
New Strategies

Infantile spasms are a devastating epileptic encephalopathy characterized by early life spasms and later seizures. Clinical outcomes of infantile spasms are poor and therapeutic options are limited with significant adverse effects. Therefore, new strategies to treat infantile spasms are of the utmost importance. Animals models of infantile spasms are a critical component of developing new therapies. Here, we review current chronic animal models of infantile spasms and consider future advances that may help improve patient care, as well as our scientific understanding of this debilitating disease.

scholarly journals Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS): Rural Implementation Statement

CJEM ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Emergency Department Triage ◽  
Improve Patient

BACKGROUND The Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) has been recognized as a significant improvement in standardizing triage in Canadian emergency departments (EDs), both urban and rural. Since its publication an increasing number of Canadian EDs have implemented the CTAS. It was intended to improve patient care through more appropriate triaging of patients, but a number of adverse effects from its implementation have been encountered in rural EDs.

scholarly journals GABAergic signaling promotes early-life seizures in epileptic SYNGAP1+/- mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennan J. Sullivan ◽  
Pavel A. Kipnis ◽  
Simon G. Ammanuel ◽  
Shilpa D. Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavioral State ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
High Gamma

AbstractObjectiveSYNGAP1 encephalopathy is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by pathogenic loss of function variants. Syngap1-heterozygous (Het+/-) mice demonstrate progressive epilepsy with multiple seizure phenotypes in adulthood. Here, we investigate early-life seizures in Het+/- pups and explore of Syngap1 encephalopathy during development.MethodsPost-natal day 7 (P7) and P12 mice were investigated by tethered video-electroencephalographic (vEEG). The effects of GABAergic drugs phenobarbital (PB) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) were investigated at P7 and P12, respectively. 24h tethered vEEG was performed at P24, and telemetric 24h vEEG with 6h sleep deprivation was performed at P35. The effect of perampanel (PMP), an AMPA receptor antagonist, was investigated at P24.ResultsHet+/- mice have spontaneous early-life seizures that lack an overt behavioral phenotype. These subclinical seizures are refractory to PB, but the GABAA receptor (GABAAR) antagonist PTZ significantly reduced seizure frequency suggesting that GABAergic signaling may promote seizure generation in Het+/- pups. At juvenile ages, Het+/- pups recapitulated the early emergence of high gamma (35-50Hz) during NREM and disruption of behavioral-state gamma homeostasis. This biomarker was significantly exacerbated in Het+/- pups after increasing sleep pressure with sleep deprivation.SignificanceSeizures during development have adverse effects on cognitive function. Therefore, an improved understanding of the SYNGAP1 epilepsy during developmental ages is necessary to delineate the deleterious interactions between aberrant synaptic function and recurrent seizures. The development of evidence-based therapies for early-life intervention will benefit from these insights.

scholarly journals Clinical pearls for the monitoring and treatment of antipsychotic induced metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 311-319
Author(s):  
Beth M. DeJongh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Improve Patient

Abstract Antipsychotic medications increase the risk of metabolic syndrome, which then increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and premature death. Routinely monitoring for signs of metabolic syndrome in patients taking antipsychotics allows for early detection and intervention. Psychiatric pharmacists can improve patient care through metabolic syndrome monitoring and recommendation of appropriate interventions. Monitoring for the metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotics, management of weight gain, and management of lipids and blood pressure are explored through 2 patient cases.

Response to Steroids in IQSEC2-Related Encephalopathy Presenting with Rett-Like Phenotype and Infantile Spasms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Nagabushana ◽  
Aparajita Chatterjee ◽  
Raghavendra Kenchaiah ◽  
Ajay Asranna ◽  
Gautham Arunachal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Epileptic Encephalopathy ◽  
Infantile Spasms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Motor Milestone ◽  
Behavior And Cognition ◽  
Atypical Rett Syndrome

Abstract Introduction IQSEC2-related encephalopathy is an X-linked childhood neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autism. This disorder is caused by a mutation in the IQSEC2 gene, the product of which plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system. Case Report We describe the symptomatology, clinical course, and management of a 17-month-old male child with a novel IQSEC2 mutation. He presented with an atypical Rett syndrome phenotype with developmental delay, autistic features, midline stereotypies, microcephaly, hypotonia and epilepsy with multiple seizure types including late-onset infantile spasms. Spasms were followed by worsening of behavior and cognition, and regression of acquired milestones. Treatment with steroids led to control of spasms and improved attention, behavior and recovery of lost motor milestone. In the past 10 months following steroid therapy, child lags in development, remains autistic with no further seizure recurrence. Conclusion IQSEC2-related encephalopathy may present with atypical Rett phenotype and childhood spasms. In resource-limited settings, steroids may be considered for spasm remission in IQSEC2-related epileptic encephalopathy.

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Sartans in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-222
Author(s):  
Miglena Smerikarova ◽  
Stanislav Bozhanov ◽  
Vania Maslarska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Reliable Methods ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Sartans are mostly used as a part of combination with additional medicines in the therapy of essencial hypertension. Preferred combinations are ARB and thiazide diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and Chlorthalidone (CHL)) or ARB and calcium antagonists. The number of sartans mostly prescribed by specialists is only seven - Candesartan (CDS), Eprosartan (EPS), Irbesartan (IBS), Losartan (LOS), Olmesartan (OMS), Telmisartan (TMS) and Valsartan (VLS). Methods: The widespread use of sartans in the treatment of hypertension requires reliable methods of analysis. Bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations should be analyzed to ensure the quality of the medicinal products reaching patients. On the other hand, the analysis of drugs in biological fluids aims to trace and improve patient care by adjusting the therapeutic doses of drugs. According to our knowledge, a review devoted to the analysis of sartans was published in 2014. Results: Spectral methods are widely used in the analysis of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical dosage forms due to their relatively simple procedures, low reagent and sample consumption, speed, precision and accuracy combined with accessibility and comparatively low cost of common apparatus. Many papers for determination of sartans in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations based on liquid chromatographic techniques were published in the available literature. Among these methods, HPLC takes the leading place but UPLC and HPTLC are also present. Conclusion: The widespread use of sartans in the treatment of hypertension requires reliable methods of analysis. Bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations should be analyzed to ensure the quality of the medicinal products reaching patients. On the other hand, the analysis of drugs in biological fluids aims to trace and improve patient care by adjusting the therapeutic doses of drugs. Since 2014, many articles have been published on the sartans analysis and this provoked our interest to summarize the latest applications in the analysis of sartans in pharmaceutical formulations and biological media. Articles published from 2014 to 2018 are covered.

scholarly journals How will artificial intelligence and bioinformatics change our understanding of IgA in the next decade?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman David Bülow ◽  
Daniel Dimitrov ◽  
Peter Boor ◽  
Julio Saez-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Complement System ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AbstractIgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis. It is characterized by the deposition of immune complexes containing immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the kidney’s glomeruli, triggering an inflammatory process. In many patients, the disease has a progressive course, eventually leading to end-stage kidney disease. The current understanding of IgAN’s pathophysiology is incomplete, with the involvement of several potential players, including the mucosal immune system, the complement system, and the microbiome. Dissecting this complex pathophysiology requires an integrated analysis across molecular, cellular, and organ scales. Such data can be obtained by employing emerging technologies, including single-cell sequencing, next-generation sequencing, proteomics, and complex imaging approaches. These techniques generate complex “big data,” requiring advanced computational methods for their analyses and interpretation. Here, we introduce such methods, focusing on the broad areas of bioinformatics and artificial intelligence and discuss how they can advance our understanding of IgAN and ultimately improve patient care. The close integration of advanced experimental and computational technologies with medical and clinical expertise is essential to improve our understanding of human diseases. We argue that IgAN is a paradigmatic disease to demonstrate the value of such a multidisciplinary approach.

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