scholarly journals Addition of hydrogen chloride to collection bags or collection containers did not change basal endogenous losses or ileal digestibility of amino acid in corn, soybean meal, or wheat middlings fed to growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su A Lee ◽  
Laia Blavi ◽  
Diego M. D. L. Navarro ◽  
Hans H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Wheat Middlings

PSII-23 Addition of Hydrogen Chloride to Collection Bags or Containers Did Not Change Basal Endogenous Losses or Digestibility of Amino Acid in Corn, Soybean Meal, or Wheat Middlings Fed to Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Su A Lee ◽  
Laia Blavi ◽  
Diego Navarro ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Collection Data

Abstract The hypothesis that apparent ileal digestibility (AID), basal endogenous losses, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA are not affected by adding acid to collection containers or bags used to collect ileal digesta from pigs was tested. Twenty-four barrows (initial BW: 77.8 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were fed diets for three 7-d periods. Corn, soybean meal, and wheat middlings were the sole AA sources in each diet and an N-free diet was also used. Within each period, each of the 4 diets was fed to 6 pigs. Among the 6 pigs, digesta from 3 pigs were collected in bags containing no HCl, whereas 40 mL of 3N HCl was included in the bags used to collect digesta from the remaining 3 pigs. Every other bag collected from each pig was emptied into a container without adding HCl, whereas the remaining bags were added to a container along with 40 mL of 3N HCl for each bag. All digesta were stored at –20 °C immediately after collection. Data were first analyzed using a model that included feed ingredient, HCl in bags, HCl in containers, and all 2-way and 3-way interactions as fixed effects. No 3-way interactions were significant, and data were, therefore, analyzed independently for each diet as a 2 × 2 factorial. Results indicated that there were no interactions between adding HCl to collection bags and to containers, and no effects of adding HCl to collection bags or containers for AID, basal endogenous losses, or SID of most AA were observed (Table 1). In conclusion, if digesta are stored at –20 °C immediately after collection, it is not necessary to add acid to digesta collection bags or collection containers.

scholarly journals The direct and difference procedures result in similar estimates for amino acid digestibility in feed ingredients fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryane S F Oliveira ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
The Difference

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that values for standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings obtained using the direct procedure are not different from values obtained using the difference procedure. Sixteen ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW: 69.5 ± 5.0 kg) were allotted to a replicated 8 × 4 Youden Square design with 8 diets and 4 periods. Each period consisted of 5 d of adaptation to the diet and 2 d of collection of ileal digesta. Four diets were based on soybean meal (SBM), corn, wheat, or wheat middlings as the only AA-containing ingredients. Three additional diets were based on a mixture of SBM and corn, SBM and wheat, or SBM and wheat middlings, and an N-free diet was also used. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the SID of crude protein (CP) and AA for the 4 diets containing SBM, corn, wheat, or wheat middlings as the sole source of AA were calculated using the direct procedure. The AID and SID of CP and AA for the 3 mixed diets containing SBM and corn, wheat, or wheat middlings were also calculated and the contribution of digestible AA from SBM was subtracted from the AID or SID values for the diets. The AID or SID of AA in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings were subsequently calculated by difference. Results indicated that the AID values for a few AA were lower (P < 0.05) if the direct procedure was used instead of the difference procedure, regardless of ingredient. The AID of Trp was greater in corn and wheat middlings, and the SID of Trp in corn and wheat middlings tended to be greater, if the direct procedure rather than the difference procedure was used, but that was not the case for wheat (interaction, P < 0.05 and P < 0.10, respectively). However, for all other indispensable AA, and for most of the dispensable AA, the SID of AA in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings was not different between the difference procedure and the direct procedure. Therefore, values for SID of AA in cereal grains and fiber-rich ingredients may be determined using either the direct or the difference procedure.

scholarly journals PSVI-12 Evaluation of amino acid digestibility in several feed ingredients fed to growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 206-206
Author(s):  
Qiong Hu ◽  
Chris van de Ligt ◽  
Neil Paton
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Grower Diet

Abstract This experiment aimed to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in common feed ingredients fed to pigs: two sources of soybean meal, two sources of high-fat rice bran, one wheat middlings and one wheat. Six diets were formulated containing one of the above ingredients as the only source of protein and AA. An N-free diet was formulated to assess basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was used in diets as an indigestible marker. Eight barrows (BW: 35.2 ± 1.9 kg) fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were randomly allotted to an 8 x 8 Latin square design with 8 diets and 8 periods. A standard grower diet was used as the eighth diet. Pigs were fed for eight 7-d periods and ileal digesta was collected on d 6 and 7 of each period. Results showed that SID of CP between the two soybean meals (87.2 ± 8.1% vs 88.4 ± 5.7%) and two high-fat rice brans (77.1 ± 4.9% vs 75.8 ± 7.6%) were not different. Averages of SID for CP in wheat middlings and wheat were 63.1 ± 8.3% and 91.2 ± 3.3%, respectively. Differences were detected (P < 0.01) for AID and SID of indispensable AA between the two high-fat rice brans, but not the two soybean meals. The AID and SID of dispensable AA except Glu and Pro were different (P < 0.05) between the two high-fat rice brans. The SID of indispensable AA ranged from 50.1% for Lys to 72.8 % for Met in wheat middlings, and from 81.0% for Lys to 89.4% for Met in wheat. In conclusion, the AID and SID of CP and AA in soybean meals were similar, but differed between the two high-fat rice brans.

scholarly journals 160 Effects of dietary amino acid concentration on digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal and soy protein concentrate fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Soy Protein Concentrate ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Quadratic Effects

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA by growing pigs is not influenced by dietary AA. In Exp. 1, thirty cannulated pigs (BW:31.4 ± 3.9 kg) were allotted to 5 diets. Four diets were formulated to contain 4.7 to 30.4% CP, by including 10, 30, 50, or 70% soybean meal. An N-free diet was used to determine the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The model included diet as a fixed variable and polynomial contrasts were used to test linear and quadratic effects of dietary AA. The SID of CP, Lys, Phe, and Thr decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) as dietary AA increased (Table 1). However, this effect was primarily a result of the SID of AA in the diet containing 30.4% CP and the SID of CP and most AA was not affected by dietary AA if diets contained 4.7 to 22.1% CP. In Exp. 2, twenty-four cannulated pigs (BW:22.8 ± 1.7 kg) were used. Pigs were allotted to a quadruplicated 6 × 2 Youden square design with 6 diets and 2 periods. Five diets were formulated to contain 6.8 to 31.8% CP, by including 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50% soy protein concentrate. An N-free diet was also used. Data were analyzed as for Exp. 1. The SID of His and Lys decreased quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) with increased dietary AA (Table 2). However, if dietary CP was 26.6% or less, no effect of dietary AA on SID of CP and most indispensable AA was observed. In conclusion, the SID of most AA is not influenced by dietary AA if dietary CP does not exceed around 26%. Hence, the SID of AA in feed ingredients may be determined in diets containing AA below, at, or slightly above requirements without impacting results.

Ileal amino acid digestibility and estimates of endogenous amino acid losses in pigs fed rapeseed meal, sunflower meal and soybean meal

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jondreville ◽  
J. van den Broecke ◽  
F. Gâtel ◽  
F. Grosjean ◽  
S. Van Cauwenberghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Oilseed Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Protein Free Diet

Four commercial samples of rapeseed meal (RSM), four of sunflower meal (SFM) and nine of soybean meal (SBM) were analysed and their ileal N and amino acid (AA) digestibilities in growing pigs were studied. Each batch was tested on four castrated male pigs weighing between 40 and 100 kg and fitted with an end-to-end ileo-rectal anastomosis. True ileal digestibility (TD) of AA was calculated by correcting apparent ileal digestibility (AD) for basal endogenous AA losses, measured by means of a protein-free diet. For RSM and SBM, total endogenous gut AA losses were estimated by a multiple regression model and real ileal digestibility (RD) of AA was calculated. In RSM, average TD of lysine, threonine and methionine were 70.7, 73.2 and 86.0%, respectively. These values were 80.0, 81.8 and 91.9%, respectively in SFM and 90.5, 86.8 and 93.0%, respectively, in SBM. In SBM, TD decreased (P < 0.05) with increases in the ratio of dietary acid detergent fibre (ADF) to AA contents. Expressed as g kg−1 dry matter (DM) intake, total endogenous gut N losses reached 4.7 to 6.4 for RSM and 1.9 to 3.5 for SBM. For SBM, they increased (P < 0.001) with dietary ADF concentration and RD of most AA decreased (P < 0.05) with the increase in the ratio of dietary neutral detergent fibre (NDF) to AA concentrations. Key words: Oilseed meal, ileal digestibility, amino acid, endogenous losses, pig

scholarly journals 181 Effects of Aspergillus oryzae prebiotic on energy and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
Jinlong Zhu ◽  
Gerald C Shurson ◽  
Lynsey Whitacre ◽  
Ignacio R Ipharraguerre ◽  
Pedro E Urriola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Corn Distillers

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an Aspergillus oryzae prebiotic (AOP, Amaferm®) on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed high fiber diets. Eighteen growing barrows (initial BW = 50.60 ± 4.90 kg) were surgically equipped with a T-cannula at the distal ileum. Three diets were formulated by including 29.65% corn-distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), 36.65% rice bran (RB) or 24.59% wheat middlings (WM) in corn and soybean meal-based diets to meet nutrient requirements for 50 to 75 kg growing pigs. Three additional diets were formulated by supplementing 0.05% AOP at the expense of corn in DDGS (DDGS + AOP), RB (RB + AOP), and wheat middlings (WM + AOP) diets. Pigs were allotted randomly to a triplicated 6 × 2 Youden square design with 6 diets and 2 successive periods. Feces and ileal digesta were collected for 2 d after a 21 d adaptation period, and nutrient content was analyzed to calculate apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID). Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids was calculated by correcting AID with basal endogenous amino acid losses determined from the same set of pigs. Supplementation of 0.05% AOP increased (P &lt; 0.05) ATTD of DM, GE, CP, NDF, and ash in DDGS, RB, and WM diets. Diet DE was 35 kcal/kg greater (P &lt; 0.05) in pigs fed AOP supplemented diets compared with those fed diets without AOP. Pigs fed DDGS+AOP diet had greater (P &lt; 0.05) AID of ether extract compared to those fed DDGS diet. However, supplementation of AOP did not (P &gt; 0.05) affect AID of GE, DM, CP, NDF, ash or SID of amino acids. In conclusion, supplementation of AOP in high fiber diets containing DDGS, RB, or WM increased total tract energy value and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals PSIV-21 Pellet processing reduces variability of corn soybean meal-based diet digestibility in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Élisabeth Chassé ◽  
Frédéric Guay ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
The One

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on the digestibility of corn-soybean meal-based diet in growing pigs. Two trials with 6 pigs cannulated at the distal ileum were conducted. In each trial, pigs were assigned to each treatment following a crossover design. In each experiment, the same diet, composed of corn and soybean meal with 10% wheat from two different feed mills, was served in pellet or mash form. Pelleting allowed an increase in digestibility in one of the trials. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (DE) were improved with pelleting by 8, 12 and 9% (P&lt; 0.01). The AID of amino acids (AA) was also improved (P&lt; 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was increased by pelleting in DM, CP and DE by 5, 7 and 6% respectively (P&lt; 0.01). The digestibility of the mash diet in experiment 1 was lower than in the pelleted diet in the experiment 1 and both diets in experiment 2 as shown by the interaction Pelleting X Trial which was significant for the AID and ATTD of DM, CP and DE (P&lt; 0.01). Therefore, in experiment 1, pelleting allows to improve the digestibility of diet to the same level as in experiment 2. The AID of CP was higher by 37% in the mash diet from the second experiment compared to the one in the first experiment. Even though the same ingredients were chosen in the two experiments, this shows the variability in digestibility existing between different feed mills and ingredient sources. This difference was not observed in pelleted diets. The results obtained in these two trials show that pelleting can reduce the variability of digestibility and then give a good digestibility of diets even if the ingredients are of different quality or sources.

scholarly journals PSIV-1 Apparent and Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Dry Extruded-Expelled Soybean Meal Fed to Growing Pigs Without or With Organic Acids and Multi-Carbohydrase

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
Jichen Song ◽  
Charles Martin Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM) is an attractive feed ingredient for swine not only as a protein source but also as a good source of energy because of its high fat content. Apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility in DESBM fed without or with organic acid (OA) and a multicarbohydrase (MC) supplementation to growing pigs were determined. Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (17.3 ± 0.4 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a replicated 5 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 4 periods, each consisting of 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Four cornstarch-based diets with 44.4% DESBM as the only source of AA, without or with OA and MC supplementation, and a 5% casein-cornstarch diet were used. All diets contained 0.3% titanium dioxide. Data were analyzed using the MIXED model procedures of SAS, with the final model including OA, MC, and the interaction between OA and MC as the main effects. The SID of indispensable AA in DESBM fed to growing pigs were: Arg, 93.2%; His, 85.1%; Ile, 87.1%; Leu, 87.6%; Lys, 88.7%; Met, 87.8%; Phe, 88.4%; Thr, 81.4%; Trp, 73.6%; Val, 84.5%. OA supplementation decreased the AID and SID (P &lt; 0.05) of Arg, Ile, Asp, and Glu, and tended (P &lt; 0.10) to decrease the AID and SID of Phe, Trp, Cys, Gly, and Tyr. MC supplementation did not affect the AID and SID of AA, and no interactive effect on AA digestibility was observed between OA and MC supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of OA and MC showed no positive effects on improving AA digestibility in DESBM fed to growing pigs.

PSVI-13 Amino Acid Supplementation During the Adaptation Period Did Not Affect the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Corn and Soybean Meal Fed to Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Choi ◽  
Sun Jong You ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective was to determine the influence of amino acid (AA) supplementation during the adaptation period on the ileal digestibility of crude protein and AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Six barrows with an initial body weight of 30.9 ± 2.6 kg fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. Two experimental diets contained corn or SBM as the sole source of AA and an N-free diet was additionally prepared. For AA supplementation groups, an AA mixture consisted of Gly, Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Ile, Val, His, and Phe was added to the corn diet and the N-free diet at the expense of cornstarch, and an AA mixture of Lys, Met, and Thr was added to the SBM diet. All diets contained 0.5% of chromic oxide. The 6 experimental diets were fed to the pigs for 4 and half days, and the 3 diets containing AA mixture were switched to the respective diets without AA mixture during the following 2 and half days. Ileal digesta were collected during the last 2 days. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Arg and Trp in corn (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that in SBM. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Pro and Gly regardless of feed ingredient (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that of other AA. All AA except Pro in corn and SBM were unaffected by the addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period. In conclusion, the addition of amino acid during the adaptation period does not affect the standardized ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids in feed ingredients.

scholarly journals PSI-12 Effect of a carbohydrase mixture on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed to growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
Jichen Song ◽  
Ahmed Aljuobori ◽  
C Martin Nyachoti ◽  
Gustavo A Mejicanos
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Abstract Heat treatment could effectively decrease the antinutritional factors in soybean during meal processing. One such progress is the combination of extrusion with expelling, which produces the dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM), and there is a great interest in exploring its utilization as a dietary ingredient for swine. Thus, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW = 30 ± 1.3 kg) were used to determine the ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility of DESBM fed to growing pigs with or without multi-carbohydrase (MC) supplementation. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design to give eight observations per treatment. The experimental diets were formulated to contain one of the two batches of DESBM (DESBM-1 and DESBM-2) as the sole source of protein. All diets contained titanium dioxide (0.3%) as an indigestible marker to calculate nutrient digestibility. Each experimental period lasted for seven days, and ileal digesta samples were collected on d 6 and d 7. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA were calculated using published mean values to estimate ileal endogenous AA losses. Data were analyzed using the mixed model procedures of SAS, and the final model had treatment, batch, and the interaction between treatment and batch as the main effects. In general, the SID of AA in DESBM-1 and DESBM-2 were not different, such as Ile, Lys, Met, Thr, and Val, which averaged 88.97%, 89.77%, 89.08%, 84.38%, and 86.85% respectively. There were no effects of MC supplementation on AID and SID of AA digestibility in DESBM except for the AID of Trp (P &lt; 0.05). Also, there were no interaction effects of MC supplementation and batch on AA digestibility in DESBM. In conclusion, enzyme supplementation did not improve the AID and SID of AA in DESBM fed to growing pigs.

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