The Technical and Financial Effects of Parenteral Supplementation with Selenium and Vitamin E during Late Pregnancy and the Early Lactation Period on the Productivity of Dairy Cattle

Introduction. The aim of this study was to determine and compare levels of blood serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium in the peripartal period and during mid lactation in Holstein dairy cattle. Materials and Methods. Blood samples were collected from 12 cows in late pregnancy, 12 early lactation cows, and 12 mid lactation cows. Results and Conclusions. Serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus in blood of dairy cows in early and mid lactation were significantly lower compared to the values in the blood serum of dairy cows in late pregnancy, probably indicating the increased use of these macro elements by the mammary gland at the early stages of lactation. When the cows were in the lactation period, blood serum magnesium levels were significantly lower compared to the values of dairy cows during late pregnancy, probably indicating the increased use of magnesium by the dairy cows during lactation. The results show that the homeostasis of the macro elements examined in the blood of transition and mid lactation dairy cows was maintained, suggesting their adequate supply from alimentary sources.

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CHOLESTEROL AND CHOLESTEROL ESTER IN THE BLOOD SERUM OF CATTLE LATE IN PREGNANCY AND DURING THE EARLY LACTATION PERIOD

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.48.1.25 ◽

1928 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Richard E. Shope ◽

John W. Gowen

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Ester ◽

Post Partum ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Bovine Blood ◽

Dry Period ◽

Gradual Rise

1. The total cholesterol and cholesterol ester of bovine blood serum during the "dry" period of late pregnancy is low. 2. Following parturition the total cholesterol and cholesterol ester of bovine blood serum show a still greater, very transient decrease followed by a gradual rise to reach a rather constant level 40 to 50 days post partum. This lactation level is very much higher than the "dry" level.

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EFFECT OF LAMBING DATE ON PRODUCTTON FROM BREEDING EWES AND ON PASTURE ALLOWANCE AND INTAKE

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1977.39.1501 ◽

1977 ◽

pp. 98-107

Author(s):

P.V. Rattray

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Stocking Rate ◽

Lower Growth

In an attempt to improve the synchronization of the feed requirements of the breeding ewe with the onset of spring pasture growth, lambing was delayed one month (mean lambing date August 31 vs. October 1) in a 3-year experiment with 5-year-old ewes stocked at two rates (21.3 vs. 27.7 ewes/ha). There was no effect of stocking rate or lambing date on annual pasture growth. However, the later lambing groups had higher available pre-grazing DM yields in late pregnancy and early lactation. This resulted in higher pasture allowances and pasture intakes in late pregnancy (+ 0.6 and + 0.3-0.5 kg DM/ewe/day) and in early lactation (+ 1.4 and + 0.3-0.9 kg DM/ewe/day), respectively. The late lambing ewes were 5 kg and 1.5-2.0 kg heavier pre-lambing and 4 weeks postlambing, while their lambs were 0.7-1.4 kg heavier at 4 weeks. Compared with the early groups the later lambing ewes lost more weight and their lambs had lower growth rates from weeks 4 to 10 of lactation, although pasture allowances and intakes were similar to the early groups during the same lactation period. The poorer performance of the later lambing groups over this period appeared to be associated with a decline in pasture digestibility.

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Effects of Pre-Parturient Iodine Teat Dip Applications on Modulating Aversive Behaviors and Mastitis in Primiparous Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061623 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1623

Author(s):

Hannah N. Phillips ◽

Ulrike S. Sorge ◽

Bradley J. Heins

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Treatment Control ◽

Intramammary Infections ◽

Aureus Infection ◽

Milk Samples ◽

To Receive ◽

Teat Dipping

Heifers and their human handlers are at risk for decreased welfare during the early lactation period. This experiment investigated pre-parturient teat dipping and parlor acclimation to reduce mastitis and aversive behaviors in early lactation heifers. Three weeks prior to calving, heifers were randomly assigned to receive either: (1) a weekly 1.0% iodine-based teat dip in the parlor (trained; n = 37) or (2) no treatment (control; n = 30). For the first 3 days of lactation, heifers were milked twice daily, and treatment-blinded handlers assessed behaviors and clinical mastitis. Aseptic quarter milk samples were collected within 36 h of calving and analyzed for pathogens. Control heifers had (OR ± SE) 2.2 ± 0.6 times greater (p < 0.01) odds of kicking during milking. Trained heifers had (OR ± SE) 1.7 ± 0.4 times greater (p = 0.02) odds of being very calm during milking, while control heifers had 2.2 ± 0.8 and 3.8 ± 2.1 times greater (p < 0.04) odds of being restless and very restless or hostile during milking, respectively. Quarters of control heifers had (OR ± SE) 5.4 ± 3.4 greater (p < 0.01) odds of intramammary Staphylococcus aureus infection, yet clinical mastitis was similar among treatments. The results indicate that teat dipping in the parlor weekly for 3 weeks before calving may alleviate some aversive milking behaviors and protect against early lactation S. aureus intramammary infections.

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Mammary Gland Structures Are Not Affected by an Increased Growth Rate of Yearling Ewes Post-Weaning but Are Associated with Growth Rates of Singletons

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030884 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 884

Author(s):

Emmanuelle Haslin ◽

Rene A. Corner-Thomas ◽

Paul R. Kenyon ◽

Adrian J. Molenaar ◽

Stephen T. Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Live Weight ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Control Group ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Fat Pad ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Lamb Growth ◽

Heavy Group

The experiment aimed to examine the impacts of an increased growth rate of ewes between three and seven months of age on udder development using ultrasound and to establish whether ultrasonography could be used to identify ewe mammary structures that may be indirect indicators of singleton growth to weaning. Udder dimensions, depths of gland cistern (GC), parenchyma (PAR) and fat pad (FP) were measured in late pregnancy (P107), early lactation (L29), and at weaning (L100) in 59 single-bearing yearling ewes selected from two treatments. The ‘heavy’ group (n = 31) was preferentially fed prior to breeding achieving an average breeding live-weight of 47.9 ± 0.38 kg at seven months of age. The ‘control’ group (n = 28) had an average breeding live-weight of 44.9 ± 0.49 kg. Udder dimensions, GC, PAR and FP did not differ between treatments. Lamb growth to L100 was positively associated (p < 0.05) with PAR at P107 and GC at L29. There was no evidence of negative effects of the live-weight gain treatments on udder development of yearling ewes as measured by ultrasonography. The results suggest that this ultrasound method has the potential to identify pregnant yearling ewes which would wean heavier singletons.

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Vitamin E supplementation during the dry period in dairy cattle. Part II: Oxidative stress following vitamin E supplementation may increase clinical mastitis incidence postpartum

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2010-3161 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 93 (12) ◽

pp. 5696-5706 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

R.J. Bouwstra ◽

M. Nielen ◽

J.R. Newbold ◽

E.H.J.M. Jansen ◽

H.F. Jelinek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Dry Period ◽

Vitamin E Supplementation

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The effect of space allowance and milk yield level on the performance and behaviour of dairy cattle housed in straw yards

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200597609 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 108-108

Author(s):

J. A. Fregonesi ◽

J.D. Leaver

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Important Variable ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Ways Of Coping ◽

Yield Level ◽

Face Width ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Friesian Cows

Space allowance could be an important variable affecting production, health, reproductive performance and behaviour of dairy cattle. Also, high and low yielding cows may have different ways of coping with insufficient space allowance. The aim of this experiment was to study the influence of space allowance and milk yield level on the performance and behaviour of strawyard housed dairy cows.The experiment was carried out using 24 Holstein Friesian cows with two groups in early lactation of high (over 30 kg/day milk yield) and two groups in late lactation of low yield (under 25 kg/day milk yield). The groups were allocated to strawyard systems with low stocking density (bed area/cow = 9 m2; pen area/cow = 13.5 m2; feed face width/cow = 1.5 m) or high stocking density (bed area/cow = 4.5 m2; pen area/cow = 6.75 m2; feed face width/cow = 0.75m) conforming to a changeover design with two periods, each of four weeks. The cows were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum and 2kg/cow/day of concentrate in the milking parlour. All animals were milked twice daily.

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