Reading the Bones

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Activity ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
Biological Differences

Do skeletal indicators used to reconstruct past people’s activity patterns actually reflect biological differences? This book reviews the literature on the most commonly utilized activity pattern indicators in bioarchaeology to answer this genes versus environment question. Chapter 2, for example, focuses on cross-sectional geometries, which have been used to look at mobility, and asks whether these measures of bone may also be influenced by climate-driven body shape adaptions. Chapters 3 and 4 look at entheseal changes, which are locations of muscle attachments, and osteoarthritis, which is also known as degenerative joint disease, to determine whether these features can be applied by bioarchaeologists to reconstruct activity patterns, especially when one considers that the best predictors for these features is age. Stress fractures (such as spondylolysis), which are covered in chapter 5, and activity indicator facets (such as kneeling facets), which are discussed in chapter 6, are more likely related to anatomical variation and other hereditary factors than activities previously linked to these skeletal features. After looking at all the evidence, which comes from research by bioarchaeologists, medical and sports studies, experimental animal research, genetic twin studies, and occupational studies on the living and the deceased, it appears that not all skeletal activity indicators will prove fruitful when reconstructing past people’s activity patterns.

Conclusions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Activity ◽  
Schmorl’S Nodes ◽  
Age Estimates

This chapter concludes with the major theme that ran through the previous chapters; how much of each of these skeletal activity reconstruction features are a result of environmental influences (i.e., activities) and how much of the variation in these features are a result of genes. Biological confounds, which are largely genetic, have been found in all of the skeletal features covered in the previous chapters. For example, evolutionary body type rules (i.e., Bergmann’s and Allen’s Rules) affect measures of cross-sectional geometries. Plus, age is known to increase entheseal change scores. Furthermore, twin studies have revealed hereditary etiologies for osteoarthritis and Schmorl’s nodes. Yet, not all of the variance is genetic and, thus, the question remains whether skeletal indicators of activity can still be used to reconstruct activity patterns. Methods that avoid circular reasoning and aim to use only skeletal features with predictive validity should be the ultimate goal for those studying skeletal remains. If skeletal indicators of activity cannot be used to reconstruct what people did in the past, then perhaps these skeletal features can help in other ways, such as improving age estimates or drawing better conclusions about biological relatedness.

Incidence of writing double NSAIDs in a single prescription for osteoarthritis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 702-706
Author(s):  
Niaz Hussain Keerio ◽  
Nasrullah Aamir ◽  
Nuresh Kumar ◽  
Masood Ahmad Qureshi ◽  
Hassan Amir us Saqlain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Bleeding Ulcers ◽  
Study Setting

 Objective: To determine how frequent NSAIDs are used for osteoarthritic patients because OA is common old age patients and NSAIDs can cause divesting complications on their health. In our study we tried to identify the main reasons and suggest a best possible solution. Study Design: Community Based Cross-sectional study. Setting: Mohammad Medical College and Hospital Mirpurkhas Pakistan. Period:  June 2018 to August 2018. Material & Methods: In this study, we included more than 300 prescriptions written for Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease. Prescriptions collected from hospital pharmacy (80%) and from other pharmacies (20%). Data was collected on preformed proforma and was analyzed in SPSS version 25. Results: Osteoarthritis mainly affects elderly population. NSAIDs are used for pain relief but can cause acute renal failure and GIT bleeding ulcers. In our study 69% patients were prescribed double NSAIDs. Traditional NSAIDs were used 95% of the time and only 5% percent of the time selective cox 2 were used. Along with these NSAIDS only 20% patient were given prophylactically gastroprotective agents like PPI and other medications. Conclusion: Prescription osteoarthritis include multiple NSAID without any protocol and over dosage was observed commonly.

Comparison of subchondral lesion size between clinical and non-clinical medial trochlear ridge talar osteochondritis dissecans in dogs

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 08-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Van Ryssen ◽  
F. Coopman ◽  
H. van Bree ◽  
I. Gielen
Keyword(s):  
Osteochondritis Dissecans ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Measured Length

SummaryIn this retrospective study of nine dogs exhibiting bilateral medial trochlear ridge talar osteochondritis dissecans (MTRT-OCD) and unilateral hind limb lameness, we compared subchondral lesion size in limbs with visible lameness, with contralateral lesions that were not associated with any visible lameness. All MTRT-OCD lesions were imaged by radiography and computed tomography (CT). The dimensions of subchondral bone lesions were measured (length, width and depth) using CT software. Similar to a method used in humans, the estimated volume (length x width x depth) and cross sectional area (length x width) were calculated and compared. We found that MTRT-OCD lesions causing visible lameness were significantly larger, and were associated with more joint thickening and degenerative joint disease than contralateral lesions that were not associated with any apparent lameness. As in the disease of shoulder osteochondritis dissecans, there is probably a correlation between the size of MTRT-OCD lesions and the symptoms of lameness.

Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Radiographic Degenerative Joint Disease in Domesticated Cats

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Duncan X. Lascelles ◽  
John B. Henry III ◽  
James Brown ◽  
Ian Robertson ◽  
Andrea Thomson Sumrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Corelation Between X-Ray Grading Scale And USG Examination of Knee Joint Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0011
Author(s):  
Basuki Supartono ◽  
Riza Amalia ◽  
Ika Satya ◽  
Sugeng Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Grading Scale ◽  
Smirnov Test

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease which is related with the damage of cartilage. Xray is one of the osteoarthritis radiological examinations but only to see the damage of bone not cartilage. One of an effective examination to visualize the damage of cartilage is Ultrasound. The objective of this study is to determine the relation between osteoarthritis grading scale with cartilage ultrasonographic in knee osteoarthritis patients. This was a Cross-sectional study on 32 knee osteoarthritis patients. Statistical analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test showed there was a correlation between osteoarthritis grading scale with cartilage ultrasonographic. The conclusion in this study, there is a significant correlation between osteoarthritis grading scale with cartilage ultrasonographic in knee osteoarthritis patients.

Pictorial Review: Cross-Sectional Imaging of the Foot and Ankle

Foot & Ankle ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Sartoris ◽  
Donald Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging ◽  
Contrast Discrimination

Cross-sectional imaging techniques are becoming increasingly important for the evaluation of foot and ankle disorders. Computed tomography affords superior depiction of osseous anatomy, and is useful in the assessment of acute fractures, degenerative joint disease, and postoperative alterations. Magnetic resonance imaging is particularly well suited to soft tissue disease, including neoplasms, tendinitis, myopathy, and infection, owing to its excellent contrast discrimination capabilities.

scholarly journals The Association between Occlusal Features and Temporomandibular Disorders in Northern Jordan: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Mohammad S. Alrashdan ◽  
Ashraf Shaweesh ◽  
Abeer A. Khasawneh ◽  
Mohamed H. Sannoh
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Axis I

Objective: To evaluate the possible correlation between basic occlusal features and the outcomes of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) Axis I. Materials and Methods: A convenient sample of Northern Jordanians was used in the study. Participants were examined in accordance with DC/TMD protocol. Nine occlusal features represented the independent variables; overjet, overbite, midline deviation, pain-free opening, maximum assisted opening, maximum unassisted opening, lateral excursions and protrusion, in addition to the opening pattern (classified as straight, corrected deviation and uncorrected deviation). DC/TMD diagnostic outcomes and their associated features represented the dependent variables, namely, pain-related TMD, Intra-articular Disorders (IAD), Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD), joint sounds (clicking and crepitus), joint locking and headache attributed to TMD. Binary logistic regression, multinomial logistic regression and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: A total of 400 participants represented the study population (mean age = 32.3±12.4 years, males=48%, females=52%). 71 subjects (18%) were diagnosed with pain-related TMD, 52 (13%) with IAD, 6 (1.5%) with DJD and 38 (10%) with headache due to TMD. Gender had a significant correlation with pain-related TMD (p= 0.014, OR= 2.16). Maximum pain free opening had a significant inverse relationship with pain related TMD (p= 0.013, OR=0.94), while midline deviation and corrected deviation mouth opening pattern had a significant correlation with IAD (p= 0.04,0.02, OR= 1.30,2.74, respectively). Overbite, midline deviation and pain free opening were significantly associated with unilateral open/close clicking (p= 0.04,0.05,0.03, OR= 0.77, 1.31, 0.94, respectively). Conclusion: There is a minimal clinical significance of the correlation between dental occlusion and TMD.

scholarly journals Incidence and relationship of obesity with serum ferritin , lipid profile, uric acid and urea at Obesity Medical Center in Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Emad Mahmoud Eltayef
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Local Setting ◽  
Outpatient Center ◽  
Relationship Of

Obesity is an excessive accumulation of energy in the form of body fat which impairs health. The main cause of obesity epidemic is clear: overeating, especially that of foods, which are rich in fats, extracted sugars or refined starches. This combined with decline in physical activity results in an imbalance of intake and expenditure of calories, resulting in excess weight and eventually obesity. Co-morbidities commonly associated with obesity include diabetes, cardiovascular and respiratory disease, dyslipidemia, degenerative joint disease, stress incontinence and some form of tumors and other various diseases. In clinical practice, serum ferritin is used as a screening tool to detect iron deficiency. However, its reliability in obesity has been questioned. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the incidence of obesity , hyperferritinemia , hyperlipidemia and hypouricemia among middle aged hypertensive patients in the local setting as well as, to shed light on this issue, we have compared serum ferritin levels and other classical indices between obese males and females, finally to evaluate the main factors accounting for ferritin levels .This cross-sectional study was conducted at Obesity Medical Center at Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, from January to march 2016. One hindered and nine patients seen in the medical outpatient center were enrolled in the study plus to participate of 61 subjects as control. On the basis of body mass index (BMI), 169 participants were divided into two groups: BMI 18.5–25 kg/m2 non obese (control), BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 obese subjects. The main demographic features data of the study population appeared that , SP and DP were significantly higher in obese patients (P

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