scholarly journals Cross-cultural validation and psychometric evaluation of the Self-Medication Assessment Tool (SMAT) for assessing and optimizing medication therapy management of older people

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Advinha ◽  
Carla Teixeria De Barros ◽  
Maria Pereira Guerreiro ◽  
Carla Nunes ◽  
Manuel José Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
Response Consistency

Background, rationale and objectives: The assessment of medication management ability in the elderly can be performed using specific tools, such as the Self-Medication Assessment Tool, which considers real and simulated regimens. The objective of this study was to perform the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the Self-Medication Assessment Tool to European Portuguese and determine its psychometric properties.Methods: The adaptation commenced with the translation/back translation cycle completed by 4 independent bilingual experts. The cultural component was accomplished through an external expert meeting and a longitudinal screening of concepts and construct. The pilot study was carried out in a sample of 150 Portuguese community-dwelling elders. Descriptive data, correlations, internal reliability, response consistency and exploratory factor analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics (v22).Results: The pilot study was carried out in a sample of 150 community-dwelling elders: 112 (74.7%) participants were women; mean age was 74.73 ± 6.43 years. The Self-Medication Assessment Tool (Portuguese version) standard regimen (simulated medication regimen) mean scores were 20.92 ± 6.83 in functional ability and 38.75 ± 5.92 in cognitive ability; the real regimen (medication taken by the elderly) mean scores were 83.74 ± 15.86 in medication recall, 96.96 ± 11.39 in adherence self-report and 4.82 ± 10.1 in intentional non-adherence. Cronbach's α were 0.87 (functional ability), 0.84 (cognitive ability), 0.57 (medication recall), 0.94 (adherence self-report) and 0.79 (intentional non-adherence). The response consistency between test and re-test was verified.Conclusions: We have developed the European Portuguese version of the Self-Medication Assessment Tool with acceptable psychometric properties which can now be employed in the study of the elderly in clinical and research contexts.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Related to Self-Medication for COVID-19 Prevention in the Elderly

Salmand ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-127
Author(s):  
Narjes Heshmatifar ◽  
◽  
Arezoo Davarinia Motlagh Quchan ◽  
Zohreh Mohammadzadeh Tabrizi ◽  
Leila Moayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Major Factors

Objectives: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis and health outcomes are among the major human social events of the 21st century. The unknown nature of the disease and the fear of contagion have caused emotional reactions, including the self-consumption of drugs in the elderly. Therefore, this study investigated factors affecting the self-consumption of drugs for COVID-19 prevention in the elderly. Methods & Materials: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed on 342 elderly in Sabzevar City, Iran, in 2020. The research units were selected as clusters from 16 health centers. The necessary data were collected by an online self-medication questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. Results: The Mean±SD age of the study participants was 66.2±5.67 years. The frequency of self-medication to prevent COVID-19 was 190(55.5%); analgesics, vitamins, anti-cold, and antibiotics were the most common drugs used. The major factors associated with self-medication in the COVID-19 pandemic were disease prevention, home quarantine, financial problems, experiencing previous self-medication, and others’ advice. There was a significant relationship between self-medication and education and insurance coverage. No significant relationship was observed between gender, occupation, and marital status, and self-medication. Conclusion: Self-Medication in the COVID-19 epidemic is notable as a crisis threatening the elderly’s health. Controlling and monitoring how the drug is used is among the requirements for protection and health promotion in the elderly.

Differences in Association of Walking for Recreation and for Transport With Maximum Walking Speed in an Elderly Japanese Community Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamitsu Kamada ◽  
Jun Kitayuguchi ◽  
Kuninori Shiwaku ◽  
Shigeru Inoue ◽  
Shimpei Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Ability ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Promotion Strategies ◽  
Elderly Japanese ◽  
Walking Time

Background:Physical activity contributes to maintaining functional ability later in life. Specific relationships between walking for particular purposes (eg, recreation or transport) and functional ability are not clear. It is useful for planning health promotion strategies to clarify whether walking time for recreation, or walking time for transport has the stronger relationship with maximum walking speed (MWS), a determinant of functional ability later in life in the elderly.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2007 using a sample of 372 community-dwelling elderly people aged 60 to 87 years in Mitoya Town, Unnan City, rural Japan. Associations with MWS were examined for self-reported weekly times of walking for recreation and for transport using multiple linear regression analyses.Results:Both in men and women, walking time for recreation was significantly associated with MWS after controlling for age, height, weight, hip and knee pain, and a number of chronic diseases (men: β = 0.18, P = .024; women: β = 0.17, P < .01). However, walking time for transport was not significantly associated with MWS (men: β = −0.094, P = .24; women: β = −0.040, P = .50).Conclusions:Walking for recreation may contribute to maintaining functional abilities such as MWS in the elderly.

scholarly journals Feasibility and validation of a web-based platform for the self-administered patient collection of demographics, health status, anxiety, depression, and cognition in community dwelling elderly

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244962
Author(s):  
Matthew Calamia ◽  
Daniel S. Weitzner ◽  
Alyssa N. De Vito ◽  
John P. K. Bernstein ◽  
Ray Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Self ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Computerized Measures ◽  
Pencil And Paper

The coronavirus disease pandemic has brought a new urgency for the development and deployment of web-based applications which complement, and offer alternatives to, traditional one-on-one consultations and pencil-and-paper (PaP) based assessments that currently dominate clinical research. We have recently developed a web-based application that can be used for the self-administered collection of patient demographics, self-rated health, depression and anxiety, and cognition as part of a single platform. In this study we report the findings from a study with 155 cognitively healthy older adults who received established PaP versions, as well as our novel computerized measures of self-rated health, depression and anxiety, and cognition. Moderate to high correlations were observed between PaP and web- based measures of self-rated health (r = 0.77), depression and anxiety (r = 0.72), and preclinical Alzheimer’s disease cognitive composite (PACC) (r = .61). Test-retest correlations were variable with high correlations for a measure of processing speed and a measure of delayed episodic memory. Taken together, these data support the feasibility and validity of utilization of this novel web-based platform as a new alternative for collecting patient demographics and the assessment of self-rated health, depression and anxiety, and cognition in the elderly.

Comparison of Self-Report of Dysphagia Using the Eating Assessment Tool and the Sydney Swallowing Questionnaire in Community Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aarthi Madhavan ◽  
Nicole Shuman ◽  
Claire Snyder ◽  
Nicole Etter
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Medical Diagnoses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Swallowing Problems ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Purpose Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are an important feature in clinical evaluation of swallowing. The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) and the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) are two validated dysphagia PROs commonly used in healthy older adult populations as screening tools for swallowing problems. The purpose of this study is to compare the consistency of the EAT-10 and SSQ scores for self-reported swallowing difficulties in a group of community-dwelling older adults (CDOA) completing both questionnaires. Method A total of 316 individuals over the age of 60 years completed the EAT-10, SSQ, and provided demographic data, including a self-report of any medical diagnoses. Participants were excluded if they had any diagnoses known to cause dysphagia. Questionnaire responses were analyzed for frequencies of responses across all participants. Results Seventy-five participants were identified as having dysphagia by the EAT-10 (23.7%), while 30 participants were identified by the SSQ (9.49%). When comparing the results of the two assessments, the scales agreed on 289 out of 316 participants (91%). There was a disagreement on the results in 27 of the 316 participants, with 26 of these self-reporting dysphagia symptoms on the EAT-10 but not on the SSQ. Conclusions Two commonly used dysphagia PROs resulted in different prevalence rates of self-reported dysphagia in a group of CDOA. CDOAs may need questionnaires specifically validated for them with special consideration for specific age-related risk factors, to ensure accurate early identification.

Factors contributing to the self-medication practiced by elderly persons in a family health unit

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Aparecida Maria De Oliveira ◽  
Ankilma Do Nascimento Andrade ◽  
Tarciana Sampaio Costa ◽  
Fátima Sonally De Sousa Gondim ◽  
Inacio Andrade Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Family Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Santa Maria

ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the factors contributing to the self-medication practiced by elderly persons in a family health unit. Methods: this is an exploratory and descriptive research with a quantitative design. Participated in the study 37 elderly persons, who answered to a questionnaire related to the theme, developed by the authors. Data collection was carried out in May 2010, in the elderly persons’ home, who agreed to participate in the research and signed the Free and Informed Consent Term. After a careful reading of all answers, the data were plotted in graphs and discussed under the light of literature. The study was analyzed by the Research Ethics Committee of Faculdade Santa Maria, under CAAE 46103/2010, and received a favorable opinion for publication. Results: data from the study revealed that 67.6% of the participants have already used medications without medical prescription, 40% consider it a usual practice with no health risk, and 76% stated to use medications without medical prescription whenever it was needed, being the analgesics and anti-thermals the most used drugs (32.5%). Besides, 52% of the individuals stated not to know the risks of self-medication and 31.2% indicated intoxication as the major risk. Conclusion: the use of medications without medical prescription is a frequent practice among elderly persons, and the lack of information on the health risks coming out from it is a matter of concern. Descriptors: self-medication; health of the elderly; family health.RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os fatores contribuintes para a automedicação de idosos em uma unidade de saúde da família. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva de caráter quantitativo. Participaram do estudo 37 idosos, que responderam um questionário constituído por perguntas referentes ao tema, elaborado pelos autores. A coleta dos dados foi realizada no mês de maio de 2010, na residência dos idosos, os quais aceitaram participar da pesquisa e assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Após a leitura minuciosa de todas as respostas, os dados foram agrupados em gráficos e discutidos à luz da literatura. O estudo foi analisado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade Santa Maria, mediante CAAE n. 46103/2010, recebendo parecer favorável para sua publicação.  Resultados: os dados do estudo revelaram que 67,6% dos participantes já fizeram uso de medicamentos sem prescrição médica, 40% o consideram um ato normal e sem riscos à saúde e 76% afirmaram fazer uso de medicamentos sem prescrição sempre que necessário, sendo os analgésicos e antitérmicos os fármacos mais utilizados (32,5%). Além disso, 52% dos indivíduos afirmaram não ter conhecimento sobre os riscos da automedicação e 31,2% indicaram a intoxicação como maior risco. Conclusão: na terceira idade é frequente o uso de medicação sem prescrição médica, sendo preocupante a falta de informação sobre os riscos à saúde resultantes dessa prática. Descritores: Automedicação; Saúde do Idoso; Saúde da família. RESUMENObjetivo: identificar los factores que contribuyen a la automedicación de ancianos en una unidad de salud de la familia. Método: investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, de carácter cuantitativo. 37 ancianos participaron del estudio, que se constituye por preguntas referentes al tema, elaborado por los autores. La recogida de datos se realizó por medio de un cuestionario, durante el mes de mayo de 2010, en la residencia de los ancianos, los cuales aceptaron participar de la investigación y firmaron el Término de Libre y Espontánea Voluntad. Tras la lectura minuciosa de todas las respuestas, los datos se agruparon en gráficos y se discutieron a la luz de la literatura. El estudio se analizó y aprobó por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Facultad de Santa María, mediante la CAAE nº 46103/2010, recibiendo parecer favorable para su publicación. Resultados: los datos del estudio revelaron que el 67,6% de los participantes ya emplearon medicamentos sin prescripción médica, 40% lo consideran un acto normal y sin riesgos a la salud y el 76% afirmaron emplear los medicamentos sin prescripción siempre que fuera necesario, siendo los analgésicos y antitérmicos los fármacos más utilizados (32,5%). Además, el 52% de los individuos afirmaron no tener conocimiento sobre los riesgos de la automedicación y el 31,2% indicaron la intoxicación como el mayor riesgo. Conclusión: en la tercera edad, es frecuente el uso de medicación sin prescripción médica, siendo preocupante la falta de información sobre los riesgos a la salud resultantes de esta práctica. Descriptores: automedicación; salud del anciano; salud de la familia.

Discounting preferences and response consistency as markers of functional ability in community-dwelling older adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1112-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cutter A. Lindbergh ◽  
Antonio N. Puente ◽  
Joshua C. Gray ◽  
James MacKillop ◽  
L. Stephen Miller
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Response Consistency ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

An Optimal Self-Report Physical Activity Measure for Older Adults: Does Physical Function Matter?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nancy W. Glynn ◽  
Alexa J. Meinhardt ◽  
Kelsea R. LaSorda ◽  
Jessica L. Graves ◽  
Theresa Gmelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sensewear Armband ◽  
Physical Activity Measure ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The authors compared two self-report measures of physical activity, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS), against the device-derived SenseWear Armband (SWA), to identify a recommended self-report tool to measure physical activity in older adults across physical function levels. A total of 65 community-dwelling older adults completed the PASE, CHAMPS, and seven full days of SWA wear. The authors measured physical function using the modified short physical performance battery (SPPB) and a usual-paced 6-m walk. Age- and sex-adjusted Spearman correlations showed that CHAMPS and SWA were correlated in higher functioning participants (SPPB: ρ = .33, p = .03; gait speed: ρ = .40, p = .006) and also correlated in lower functioning participants for SPPB (ρ = .70, p = .003) only. PASE and SWA were not significantly correlated across physical function. When an objective measure of physical activity is not practical, the CHAMPS questionnaire appears to capture physical activity for older adults across physical function levels.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Guidelines and Delphi Study for the Multifactorial Fall Risk Assessment of Community-Dwelling Elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6097
Author(s):  
Jieun Kim ◽  
Worlsook Lee ◽  
Seon Heui Lee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Fall Risk Assessment

As falls are among the most common causes of injury for the elderly, the prevention and early intervention are necessary. Fall assessment tools that include a variety of factors are recommended for preventing falls, but there is a lack of such tools. This study developed a multifactorial fall risk assessment tool based on current guidelines and validated it from the perspective of professionals. We followed the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology’s guidelines in this systematic review. We used eight international and five Korean databases to search for appropriate guidelines. Based on the review results, we conducted the Delphi survey in three rounds; one open round and two scoring rounds. About nine experts in five professional areas participated in the Delphi study. We included nine guidelines. After conducting the Delphi study, the final version of the “Multifactorial Fall Risk Assessment tool for Community-Dwelling Older People” (MFA-C) has 36 items in six factors; general characteristics, behavior factors, disease history, medication history, physical function, and environmental factors. The validity of the MFA-C tool was largely supported by various academic fields. It is expected to be beneficial to the elderly in the community when it comes to tailored interventions to prevent falls.

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