scholarly journals Episódios e gênese dos eventos climáticos extremos em Goiânia-GO / Episodes and genesis of extreme climate events in Goiânia-GO

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (57) ◽  
pp. 583-608
Author(s):  
Diego Nascimento ◽  
Luan Victor Lima ◽  
Vitor Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
South Atlantic Convergence Zone ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Sob a abordagem da climatologia geográfica, que leva em consideração a dinâmica das massas de ar na análise do ritmo e da gênese do clima, o presente trabalho busca apresentar os episódios de eventos climáticos extremos ocorridos em Goiânia-GO e abordar os mecanismos atmosféricos responsáveis pela gênese dos mesmos. Os eventos extremos foram levantados a partir de dados diários precipitação, temperatura máxima e mínima e umidade relativa do ar, registrados pela estação meteorológica do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), compreendendo a série temporal de 1961 a 2018 (58 anos). A identificação dos mecanismos atmosféricos atuantes nos dias dos episódios extremos foi realizada a partir da leitura e interpretação de cartas sinóticas da Marinha do Brasil, tendo como base o recorte temporal de 2012 a 2018. Foi possível apontar a ocorrência de eventos extremos em períodos específicos do ano, como no caso de eventos de precipitação no verão, sob influência da Massa equatorial continental e da Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul; de temperatura máxima no final do inverno e início da primavera, quando predomina a Massa equatorial continental e a Massa tropical Atlântica; de temperatura mínima no outono e inverno, condicionados pela incursão da Massa polar; de umidade relativa do ar no inverno, ocorrendo devido a atuação dos sistemas atmosféricos que habitualmente definem a condição sinótica em Goiânia.Palavras–chave: eventos extremos, massas de ar, fatores, mecanismos, impactos.Abstract Under the approach of Geographical Climatology, which takes into account the dynamics of the air masses in the analysis of the rhythm and the genesis of the climate, the present work seeks to present the episodes of extreme climatic events occurring in Goiânia-GO and to indicate the atmospheric mechanisms responsible for the genesis of this events. The extreme events were listed from daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity data, recorded by the meteorological station of the National Institute of Meteorology, comprising the time series from 1961 to 2018 (58 years). The identification of the atmospheric mechanisms acting on the days of the extreme episodes was performed from the reading and interpretation of Brazilian Navy's synoptic charts, based on the temporal cut from 2012 to 2018. It was possible to indicate the occurrence of extreme events in specific periods of the year, as in the case of summer precipitation events, under the influence of Continental equatorial mass and South Atlantic Convergence Zone; of maximum temperature in late winter and early spring, when Continental equatorial mass and Atlantic tropical mass predominate; of minimum temperature in autumn and winter, conditioned by the incursion of Polar mass; of relative humidity of the air in the winter, occurring due to the performance of the atmospheric systems that habitually define the synoptic condition in Goiânia.Keywords: extreme events, air masses, factors, mechanisms, impacts

scholarly journals Weather parameters vulnerability on tea production in north western Himalaya, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2262-2267
Author(s):  
Parmod Verma ◽  
Ranbir Singh Rana ◽  
Ramesh Ramesh ◽  
Ranu Pathania
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
June July

The study assessed the sensitivity of weather parameters with respect to total green leaf and two leaves and bud (T & B) productivity of tea crop {Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze}. The maximum temperature ranging from 20.0 to 29.0 oC during March, May, August and September showed positive relationship with values ranging from 0.26 to 3.38 and 0.22 to 3.22 for green leaf and T & B yield, respectively. Similarly, minimum temperature ranging from 9.1 to 20.0 oC during March and July to October found positive 0.001 to 2.93 and 0.28 to 2.91 for green leaf and T & B productivity, respectively. The mean monthly rainfall amounting 52.7 to 664.7 mm during March, May, July to October and 52.7 to 488.4 mm during June, July, September and October also showed positive sensitivity with values ranging from 0.03 to 0.33 and 0.007 to 0.35 for green leaf and T & B yield, respectively. The relative humidity ranging between 41.2 to 77.3% during April to May for green leaf yield (0.32 to 1.71) and during April to May and October for two leaf and bud yield (0.00 to 1.70) showed positive relationship. So, maximum and minimum temperature between 20.0 to 29.0 oC and 9.1 to 20.0 oC, respectively with rainfall of 52.7 to 488.4 mm and relative humidity 41.2 to 77.3% are the most beneficial weather parameters for tea cultivation at Palampur conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of abiotic factors on build-up of citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama population in Punjab, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hijam S. Devi ◽  
D. R. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Citrus Psylla

Seasonal abundance of citrus psylla (Diaphorina citri) Kuwayama was studied on Kinnow mandarin under Punjab conditions during 2012 and 2013. Population of D. citri was present throughout the year but only adults found surviving during December and February. There was no nymphal population when maximum temperature was > 39°C or < 7°C. Two population peaks of nymphs wer e observed, first in April-May and second in August- September. Thereafter, there was abrupt decline in nymphal population during June and July during both the years when the weather conditions i.e. maximum, minimum temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), rainfall (m m) and sunshine (hrs) ranged from 24.4-44, 22.4-31.8, 25.5-100, 0-108.0 and 0-13.5, respectively. Highest peaks of adult were found during May followed by June. With the decrease in temperature from the end of September, the population of D. citri started to decrease and reached its lowest during winter season. Correlation analysis for both the years indicated that maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine and rainfall were positively correlated with nymphal, adult and mixed population but the effect of rainfall on adult population was non-significant, while relative humidity was negatively correlated. The study is useful to find out the weak links of psyllid populations in relation to abiotic factors and that could be exploited to curb its infestation and disease transmission.

scholarly journals Characterising terrestrial influences on Antarctic air masses using Radon-222 measurements at King George Island

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 9903-9916 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Chambers ◽  
S.-B. Hong ◽  
A. G. Williams ◽  
J. Crawford ◽  
A. D. Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
South American ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Diurnal Cycles ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
One Year ◽  
Radon Measurements

Abstract. We report on one year of high-precision direct hourly radon observations at King Sejong Station (King George Island) beginning in February 2013. Findings are compared with historic and ongoing radon measurements from other Antarctic sites. Monthly median concentrations reduced from 72 mBq m−3 in late-summer to 44 mBq m−3 in late winter and early spring. Monthly 10th percentiles, ranging from 29 to 49 mBq m−3, were typical of oceanic baseline values. Diurnal cycles were rarely evident and local influences were minor, consistent with regional radon flux estimates one tenth of the global average for ice-free land. The predominant fetch region for terrestrially influenced air masses was South America (47–53° S), with minor influences also attributed to aged Australian air masses and local sources. Plume dilution factors of 2.8–4.0 were estimated for the most terrestrially influenced (South American) air masses, and a seasonal cycle in terrestrial influence on tropospheric air descending at the pole was identified and characterised.

scholarly journals Studies on some diseases of fruits and vegetable crops in relation to meteorological parameters

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
S. V. DATAR ◽  
R. C. DUBEY ◽  
N. CHATTOPADHYAY
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Correlation Techniques

The role of different meteorological parameters controlling the incidences of some diseases on tomato, guava and fig grown at Pune and Padegaon in Maharashtra state were studied by graphical superimposition and correlation techniques. Peak infestation of rust on fig was observed in January at Padegaon whereas maximum infestation of fruit canker on guava and early blight on tomato were reported respectively from September to first week of October and September to November at Pune. Increase in maximum temperature was found to increase the infestation of both fruit canker and early blight. Decrease in afternoon relative humidity favoured the infestation of fruit canker and rust. Fall of minimum temperature and rise in bright hours of sunshine also aggravated the incidences of fruit canker and rust respectively.

scholarly journals Future climate uncertainty and spatial variability over Tamilnadu State, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Climate Uncertainty

<div> <p>The present study analyses future climate uncertainty for the 21st century over Tamilnadu state for six weather parameters: solar radiation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall. The climate projection data was dynamically downscaled using high resolution regional climate models, PRECIS and RegCM4 at 0.22&deg;x0.22&deg; resolution. PRECIS RCM was driven by HadCM3Q ensembles (HQ0, HQ1, HQ3, HQ16) lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) and RegCM4 driven by ECHAM5 LBCs for 130 years (1971-2100). The deviations in weather variables between 2091-2100 decade and the base years (1971-2000) were calculated for all grids of Tamilnadu for ascertaining the uncertainty. These deviations indicated that all model members projected no appreciable difference in relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation. The temperature (maximum and minimum) however showed a definite increasing trend with 1.8 to 4.0&deg;C and 2.0 to 4.8&deg;C, respectively. The model members for rainfall exhibited a high uncertainty as they projected high negative and positive deviations (-379 to 854 mm). The spatial representation of maximum and minimum temperature indicated a definite rhythm of increment from coastal area to inland. However, variability in projected rainfall was noticed.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Long term monthly and inter-seasonal weather variability analysis for the lower Shivalik foothills of Punjab

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
NAVNEET KAUR ◽  
M.J. SINGH ◽  
SUKHJEET KAUR
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature ◽  
Weather Parameters

This paper aims to study the long-term trends in different weather parameters, i.e., temperature, rainfall, rainy days, sunshine hours, evaporation, relative humidity and temperature over Lower Shivalik foothills of Punjab. The daily weather data of about 35 years from agrometeorological observatory of Regional Research Station Ballowal Saunkhri representing Lower Shivalik foothills had been used for trend analysis for kharif (May - October), rabi (November - April), winter (January - February), pre-monsoon (March - May), monsoon (June - September) and post monsoon (October - December) season. The linear regression method has been used to estimate the magnitude of change per year and its coefficient of determination, whose statistical significance was checked by the F test. The annual maximum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity has increased whereas rainfall, evaporation sunshine hours and wind speed has decreased significantly at this region. No significant change in annual minimum temperature and diurnal range has been observed. Monthly maximum temperature revealed significant increase except January, June and December, whereas, monthly minimum temperature increased significantly for February, March and October and decreased for June. Among different seasons, maximum temperature increased significantly for all seasons except winter season, whereas, minimum temperature increased significantly for kharif and post monsoon season only. The evaporation, sunshine hours and wind speed have also decreased and relative humidity decreased significantly at this region. Significant reduction in kharif, monsoon and post monsoon rainfall has been observed at Lower Shivalik foothills. As the region lacks assured irrigation facilities so decreasing rainfall and change in the other weather parameters will have profound effects on the agriculture in this region so there is need to develop climate resilient agricultural technologies.

scholarly journals Effect of weather on growth and yield of cotton grown in the dry farming tract of peninsular India

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
N. CHATTOPADHYAY ◽  
R. P. SAMUI ◽  
S. K. BANERJEE
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Dry Farming

In the present study the effect of meteorological parameters on cotton growth at three different stations in the dry farming tract of peninsular India were studied critically. Increase in minimum temperature                (above normal) particularly at vegetative and flowering stages favoured the yield of three varieties of cotton (AHH - 468, MCU - 9 and MCU - 10) under study.  Decrease in maximum temperature at flowering and boll development stages was found to be conducive for the higher yield of AHH – 468 variety of cotton at Akola.  In general, relative humidity was positively correlated with the yield of AHH – 468 varieties at Akola and MCU – 10 varieties at Kovilpatti. Lower values of bright sunshine hours (<5 hours) during vegetative and flowering were found to be helpful for increased yield of cotton at Akola. Rainfall at the beginning of the season favoured the yield of the crop. 

scholarly journals Occurrence and synoptic background of strong and very strong frost in spring and autumn in Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz M. Tomczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Szyga-Pluta ◽  
Ewa Bednorz
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Environmental Prediction ◽  
Northern Sector

Abstract The objective of the paper was the determination of the circulation conditions of occurrence of strong and very strong frost in Central Europe. A frost day was defined as a day with the minimum temperature lower than 0 °C and maximum temperature higher than 0 °C. Moreover, a division of frost was performed in terms of value of minimum temperature, resulting in the designation of mild frost (up to − 2.0 °C), moderate frost (from − 2.1 to − 4 °C), strong frost (from − 4.1 to − 6 °C) and very strong frost (< − 6 °C). The study was based on data from the years 1966–2015 from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute, Deutscher Wetterdienst and National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR). The analysis of baric conditions employed values of pressure at sea level, height of isobaric surface of 500 hPa and air temperature at a level of 850 hPa, as well as their anomalies. The spatial analysis showed that the number of frost days in spring and autumn increased from the west to the east of Central Europe. A decrease in the number of frost days, however, is observed over the prevailing area. Average conditions favouring the occurrence of strong and very strong frost both in spring and autumn were related to higher than average pressure at sea level over the prevailing area of the Euro-Atlantic sector. Such baric conditions caused advections of cool air masses from the northern sector.

Cycles of reproduction and condition in Tasmanian blue mussels, Mytilus edulis planulatus

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Dix ◽  
A Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Condition Indices ◽  
One Year ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Major spawning by M. e. planulatus occurred in the late winter or early spring at Hinders Reef, Margate and Birchs Bay in 1980 and 1981. Spawning occurred also over the summer and early autumn although a major spawning was indicated during this period at only one site in one year. At the two sites where temperatures were recorded, the major spring spawning occurred at about or just above 10�C. Gonads built up reproductive condition during late autumn and winter at all sites in 1980 and 1981. Condition indices were highest at these times and fell when spring spawning occurred.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of Taphrina deformans Inoculum in Peach Orchards

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rossi ◽  
M. Bolognesi ◽  
S. Giosuè
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Parasitic Stage ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Trap Plants ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Curled Leaves

The dynamics of the inoculum of Taphrina deformans were studied during a 4-year period by (i) inspecting curled leaves for the presence of asci, (ii) placing deposition spore samplers within the tree canopies, and (iii) exposing potted peach plants (trap plants). These three approaches produced consistent results. Four main periods characterized the dynamics of the inoculum: the first period coincides with the parasitic stage of the pathogen's life cycle and the other periods with the saprophytic stage. Mid- to late spring (first period) was characterized by the presence of asci on infected leaves which produced and ejected large quantities of ascospores in 96% of the samplings. Rainfall was not necessary for ascospore dispersal, which was favored by air temperature <20°C and relative humidity ≥80% or wetness duration >8 h. In summer and autumn (second period), blastospores were trapped in 54 and 24% of samplings, respectively, with low spore numbers. In the winter (third period), blasto-spores were trapped in the lowest numbers and in only 6% of samplings. In late winter to early spring (fourth period), blastospores were found in 56% of samples, with increasing numbers. Rainfall significantly influenced blastospore dispersal and temperature was correlated with the seasonality found during the saprophytic stage.

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