scholarly journals LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE EU IN POST-CRISIS PERIOD

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astra Auzina-Emsiņa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals DOES ICT CAPITAL AFFECT ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE EU-15 AND EU-12 COUNTRIES?

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Hanclova ◽  
Petr Doucek ◽  
Jakub Fischer ◽  
Kristyna Vltavska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Capital Growth ◽  
Capital Services ◽  
The Eu

The paper examines economic growth in old and new member countries of the European Union (EU-15 and EU-12) during the years of 1994–2000 and 2001–2008 mainly due to changes in information and communication technology (ICT) capital development. The first group EU-15 is presented by old EU countries and the second group EU-12 is presented by new member countries that joined the EU in 2004–2007. The threefactor Cobb-Douglas production function is estimated through the panel general least squares method. The input factors that might influence the economic growth are labour, ICT capital services and non-ICT capital services. Since ICT capital growth data are not available for all selected economies, the groups of countries were reduced to EU-14 and EU-7. The estimated panel production functions confirmed that the average growth of GDP in the EU-7 countries was supported by the stable growth of labour quantity and ICT-capital and increasing total factor productivity. A short-term drop in non-ICT capital growth with follow-up stagnation was caused rather by lower labour productivity. The research discovered that the drop in GDP growth in the EU-14 countries was a result of the slower growth of non-ICT capital and total factor productivity and the stagnated growth of ICT capital with low elasticity, and showed that even the compensation of growth in labour quality did not prevent a decrease in total factor productivity and economic growth.

scholarly journals Productivity and Economic Growth in the European Union: Impact of Investment in Research and Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Nekrep ◽  
Sebastjan Strašek ◽  
Darja Boršič
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Union Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This paper focuses on investment in research and development as a factor of labour productivity and economic growth. Our analysis confirms the link between expenditure for research and development (expressed in % of GDP) and labour productivity (expressed in the number of hours worked) based on selected data for EU Member States in the period 1995-2013. A causal link between variables of the concave parabola was confirmed, and the value of expenditure for research and development (2.85% of EU GDP) maximising productivity (per hour of work) was determined based on the examined data. In accordance with these findings, EU’s target of reaching 3% of GDP spent on research and development to be achieved by 2020 seems in support of reaching maximum productivity in the EU.

scholarly journals Developments of Economic Growth and Employment in Bioeconomy Sectors across the EU

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tévécia Ronzon ◽  
Stephan Piotrowski ◽  
Saulius Tamosiunas ◽  
Lara Dammer ◽  
Michael Carus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Business Statistics ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Subsequent Calculation ◽  
Output Based Approach ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

The development of the bioeconomy—or the substitution of fossil-based materials and energy by bio-based solutions—is considered a strategic economic orientation by the European Commission and its Green Deal. This paper presents a methodology to monitor the contribution of the bioeconomy to jobs and growth within the European Union (EU) and its Member States. Classified as an ‘‘output-based’’ approach, the methodology relies on expert estimations of the biomass content of the bio-based materials produced in the EU and the subsequent calculation of ‘‘sectoral’’ bio-based shares by using Eurostat statistics on the production of manufactured goods (prom). Sectoral shares are applied to indicators of employment, and value added is reported in Eurostat–Structural business statistics. This paper updates the methodology and time series presented in 2018. The bioeconomy of the EU (post-Brexit composition) employed around 17.5 million people and generated €614 billion of value added in 2017. The study evidences structural differences between EU national bioeconomies, which become more pronounced over time, especially in terms of the level of apparent labour productivity of national bioeconomies. Finally, this paper describes cases of transition over the 2008–2017 period.

scholarly journals Industry 4.0, Legal Protection of the Employee and Intercultural Impact of Labour Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Alex Kainz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Law ◽  
The Eu

Industry - Industry 4.0 [I4.0] is the main topic of discussions and proposals for innovative changes. In the last five years, inside industry sectors took place the intellectual clashes among digitisation, robotisation and automation. These concepts have been combined with performance, efficiency gains, steady economic growth, employment, labour migration, and increasing labour productivity in all managerial or economic forums. In particular, the European Union [EU] is one of the foremost leaders in improving workforce quality, given the increasing share of robotics and automation. The competitive pressure, beset on individual EU member states by countries with low-cost labour, is increased by assessing economic growth, increasing labour productivity, and setting social-law standards in the EU. On the other hand, increasing the automation of production plants leads to increased employment pressure and contributes to managed labour migration. This migration is mainly about the pressure on competencies, quality, number of employees and the negative development of the demographic curve in the EU. All this reflects the demand for more robust legal protection for workers in the field of social assistance and legal regulations generally linked to a rapid change in labour market conditions. The resulting mix will have a significant impact on the economy’s performance and competitiveness.

Determinants of socio-economic transformations of technological systems: theoretical and methodical aspects

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Svitlana Shults ◽  
Olena Lutskiv
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Member States ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Technological Paradigm ◽  
Technological Paradigms ◽  
The Eu

Technological development of society is of unequal cyclic nature and is characterized by changing periods of economic growth, stagnation phases, and technological crises. The new wave of technological changes and new technological basis corresponding to the technological paradigm boost the role of innovations and displace the traditional factors of economic growth. Currently, intellectual and scientific-technical capacity are the main economic development resources. The use of innovation and new knowledge change the technological structure of the economy, increase the elements of the innovative economy, knowledge economy, and digital economy, i.e. the new technological paradigm is formed. The paper aims to research the basic determinants of technological paradigms’ forming and development, and determining their key features, as well as to analyze social transformations of the EU Member States and Ukraine. The paper focuses attention on the research of the features of social transformations. The structural transformations are analyzed based on the Bertelsmann Transformation Index that estimates the quality of democracy, market economy, and political governance. The transformation processes are assessed on the example of the EU Member States and Ukraine. The authors argue that social transformations and structural changes in the economy are related to the change of technological paradigms that boost the economic modernization and gradual progressive development of humanity in general. The nature and main determinants of 5 industrial and 2 post-industrial technological paradigms are outlined. Their general features and main areas of basic technologies implementation emerging in the realization of a certain technological paradigm are explained. The conclusions regarding the fact that innovative technologies and available scientific-technological resources define the main vector of economic development are made. The new emerging technological paradigm is of strategic importance for society development.

Economic Growth and Fiscal Sustainability in the EU: The Impact of an Ageing Population

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Carone ◽  
Declan Costello ◽  
Nuria Diez Guardia ◽  
Per Eckefeldt ◽  
Gilles Mourre
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals The health care sector in the economies of the European Union: an overview using an input–output framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Gutiérrez-Hernández ◽  
Ignacio Abásolo-Alessón
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
European Union ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Health Care Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Input Output ◽  
National Currencies ◽  
Market Production ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Purchasing Power Parities

Abstract Background This study aims to analyse the relative importance of the health care sector (health care activities and services), its interrelations with the rest of productive activities, aggregate supply and demand, employment requirements and apparent labour productivity in the European Union (EU) economy as a whole, and in the economies of member countries. Methods The methodology used is based on input–output analysis. Data are extracted from National Accounts and, specifically, from the input–output framework for 2010. Data in national currencies are adjusted using as a conversion factor, specific purchasing power parities for health. Results In the EU, market production predominates in the provision of health care activities, which are financed mainly by public funding. However, there is significant variability among countries, and, in fact, non-market production predominates in most EU countries. The health care sector has direct backward and forward linkages lower than the average for all sectors of the economy and the average for the services sector. Thus, this sector is relatively independent of the rest of the productive structure in the EU. The health care activities industry is key because of its ability to generate value added and employment. Regarding apparent labour productivity, there are significant differences among EU countries, showing that productivity is positively related to the weight of market production in health care activities and negatively related to the number of hours worked per person employed. Conclusions Our results provide useful insights for health authorities in the EU, as they analyse the effect of health policies on macroeconomic indicators using an input–output framework, as well as comparing these effects with those in EU member countries. To the best of our knowledge, an analysis of the health care sector in the EU economy and the countries that integrate it using an input–output framework has not been undertaken. In addition, to compare health care expenditure between countries, data in national currencies have been adjusted using specific purchasing power parities for “health”, and not ones referring to the total economy (GDP), which is common practice in many previous studies.

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