scholarly journals Developments of Economic Growth and Employment in Bioeconomy Sectors across the EU

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tévécia Ronzon ◽  
Stephan Piotrowski ◽  
Saulius Tamosiunas ◽  
Lara Dammer ◽  
Michael Carus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Business Statistics ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Subsequent Calculation ◽  
Output Based Approach ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

The development of the bioeconomy—or the substitution of fossil-based materials and energy by bio-based solutions—is considered a strategic economic orientation by the European Commission and its Green Deal. This paper presents a methodology to monitor the contribution of the bioeconomy to jobs and growth within the European Union (EU) and its Member States. Classified as an ‘‘output-based’’ approach, the methodology relies on expert estimations of the biomass content of the bio-based materials produced in the EU and the subsequent calculation of ‘‘sectoral’’ bio-based shares by using Eurostat statistics on the production of manufactured goods (prom). Sectoral shares are applied to indicators of employment, and value added is reported in Eurostat–Structural business statistics. This paper updates the methodology and time series presented in 2018. The bioeconomy of the EU (post-Brexit composition) employed around 17.5 million people and generated €614 billion of value added in 2017. The study evidences structural differences between EU national bioeconomies, which become more pronounced over time, especially in terms of the level of apparent labour productivity of national bioeconomies. Finally, this paper describes cases of transition over the 2008–2017 period.

scholarly journals DOES ICT CAPITAL AFFECT ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE EU-15 AND EU-12 COUNTRIES?

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Hanclova ◽  
Petr Doucek ◽  
Jakub Fischer ◽  
Kristyna Vltavska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Capital Growth ◽  
Capital Services ◽  
The Eu

The paper examines economic growth in old and new member countries of the European Union (EU-15 and EU-12) during the years of 1994–2000 and 2001–2008 mainly due to changes in information and communication technology (ICT) capital development. The first group EU-15 is presented by old EU countries and the second group EU-12 is presented by new member countries that joined the EU in 2004–2007. The threefactor Cobb-Douglas production function is estimated through the panel general least squares method. The input factors that might influence the economic growth are labour, ICT capital services and non-ICT capital services. Since ICT capital growth data are not available for all selected economies, the groups of countries were reduced to EU-14 and EU-7. The estimated panel production functions confirmed that the average growth of GDP in the EU-7 countries was supported by the stable growth of labour quantity and ICT-capital and increasing total factor productivity. A short-term drop in non-ICT capital growth with follow-up stagnation was caused rather by lower labour productivity. The research discovered that the drop in GDP growth in the EU-14 countries was a result of the slower growth of non-ICT capital and total factor productivity and the stagnated growth of ICT capital with low elasticity, and showed that even the compensation of growth in labour quality did not prevent a decrease in total factor productivity and economic growth.

scholarly journals Productivity and Economic Growth in the European Union: Impact of Investment in Research and Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Nekrep ◽  
Sebastjan Strašek ◽  
Darja Boršič
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Union Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This paper focuses on investment in research and development as a factor of labour productivity and economic growth. Our analysis confirms the link between expenditure for research and development (expressed in % of GDP) and labour productivity (expressed in the number of hours worked) based on selected data for EU Member States in the period 1995-2013. A causal link between variables of the concave parabola was confirmed, and the value of expenditure for research and development (2.85% of EU GDP) maximising productivity (per hour of work) was determined based on the examined data. In accordance with these findings, EU’s target of reaching 3% of GDP spent on research and development to be achieved by 2020 seems in support of reaching maximum productivity in the EU.

scholarly journals Zdolność konkurencyjna przemysłu spożywczego krajów UE, USA i Kanady na rynku światowym

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (3) ◽  
pp. 248-261
Author(s):  
Karolina Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Time Range ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
Real Value ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper was to assess the competitive capacity of the main sectors of the EU, the US and Canadian food industry, using selected economic and trade indicators. Time range of the research covered the years 2007-2016. The research is based on the data from the Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat), the US Census Bureau, the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service's Global Agricultural Trade System (FAS/USDA) and Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. It was proved that improvement of the competitive position of the EU food industry was more determined by the scale of activity in world trade (increasing share in global exports), while competitive advantages of the US and Canadian food industry were influenced by economic advantages associated with improving the economic performance of enterprises in a given sector, its share in the real value added of the food industry as a whole and labour productivity.

scholarly journals Time stability of the impact of institutions on economic growth and real convergence of the EU countries: implications from the hidden Markov models analysis

Equilibrium ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-323
Author(s):  
Michał Bernardelli ◽  
Mariusz Próchniak ◽  
Bartosz Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Hidden Markov Models ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Time Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Research background: It is not straightforward to identify the role of institutions for the economic growth. The possible unknown or uncertain areas refer to nonlinearities, time stability, transmission channels, and institutional complementarities. The research problem tackled in this paper is the analysis of the time stability of the relationship between institutions and economic growth and real economic convergence. Purpose of the article: The article aims to verify whether the impact of the institutional environment on GDP dynamics was stable over time or diffed in various subperiods. The analysis covers the EU28 countries and the 1995?2019 period. Methods: We use regression equations with time dummies and interactions to assess the stability of the impact of institutions on economic growth. The analysis is based on the partially overlapping observations. The models are estimated with the use of Blundell and Bond?s GMM system estimator. The results are then averaged with the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) approach. Structural breaks are identified on the basis of the Hidden Markov Models (HMM). Findings & value added: The value added of the study is threefold. First, we use the HMM approach to find structural breaks. Second, the BMA method is applied to assess the robustness of the outcomes. Third, we show the potential of HMM in foresighting. The results of regression estimates indicate that good institution reflected in the greater scope of economic freedom and better governance lead to the higher economic growth of the EU countries. However, the impact of institutions on economic growth was not stable over time.

scholarly journals Convergence of the Labour Productivity in European Union Agriculture

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (4) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Jaroszewska ◽  
Robert Pietrzykowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sigma Convergence ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Full Time Employee ◽  
Beta Convergence ◽  
The Eu

The objective of the paper is to examine the changes in the level of diversification of the labour productivity in the European Union countries in the years 1998-2015, and then to determine whether there is any convergence of the labour productivity among these countries. The labour productivity has been calculated as a relation of the gross value added at constant prices per one full-time employee. The study used the Economic Accounts for Agriculture (EAA) and the Agricultural Labour Input (ALI). The study covered the European Union countries, broken down by the countries of the „old” EU (EU-15) and the countries admitted to the EU after 2004. In order to determine the changes occurring in these countries, sigma-convergence (σ) and beta-convergence (β) have been used. The study shows that after 2011 there was a process of convergence among the EU countries in terms of the labour productivity in agriculture.

scholarly journals Has the European Union entered a bioeconomy transition? Combining an output-based approach with a shift-share analysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tévécia Ronzon ◽  
Susanne Iost ◽  
George Philippidis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Diverse Application ◽  
Output Based Approach ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe bioeconomy is a collective of activities charged with the production of biologically renewable resources or ‘biomass’ (e.g. agriculture, forestry), its diverse application (e.g. food, textiles, construction, chemicals) and subsequent reuse (e.g. compositing, waste management). Since the European Union (EU) launched its bioeconomy strategy in 2012, further bioeconomy policy initiatives have proliferated at regional, national and pan-European levels. Moreover, the EU Green Deal announced in 2019 targets a transition towards a low-carbon sustainable model of growth, food and energy security, biodiversity and natural resource management, where it is envisaged that the bioeconomy will play a key role. Despite a paucity of available data, the surge in policy interest has triggered the need for evidence-based monitoring of bioeconomy sectors and the efficient tailoring of policy support. Thus, on a Member State (MS) basis for the period 2008–2017, we (1) adopt an ‘output-based’ approach to construct a panel data of performance indicators and (2) characterise the sources of growth and transitional stage of the bioeconomy. Results reveal that the bioeconomy has maintained its relative importance within the total EU27 economy. At the EU level, agriculture and the food industry have played a key role in driving a transition in the primary and industrial bioeconomy sectors due to their significant labour productivity-enhancing impact. Four Northern MS exhibit a bioeconomy transition by modernising their bioeconomy activities and operating structural changes. Other Northern and Western EU MS are still in the early stages of a transition, whilst in Eastern and Central Europe, such a transition remains elusive.

scholarly journals Industry 4.0, Legal Protection of the Employee and Intercultural Impact of Labour Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Alex Kainz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Law ◽  
The Eu

Industry - Industry 4.0 [I4.0] is the main topic of discussions and proposals for innovative changes. In the last five years, inside industry sectors took place the intellectual clashes among digitisation, robotisation and automation. These concepts have been combined with performance, efficiency gains, steady economic growth, employment, labour migration, and increasing labour productivity in all managerial or economic forums. In particular, the European Union [EU] is one of the foremost leaders in improving workforce quality, given the increasing share of robotics and automation. The competitive pressure, beset on individual EU member states by countries with low-cost labour, is increased by assessing economic growth, increasing labour productivity, and setting social-law standards in the EU. On the other hand, increasing the automation of production plants leads to increased employment pressure and contributes to managed labour migration. This migration is mainly about the pressure on competencies, quality, number of employees and the negative development of the demographic curve in the EU. All this reflects the demand for more robust legal protection for workers in the field of social assistance and legal regulations generally linked to a rapid change in labour market conditions. The resulting mix will have a significant impact on the economy’s performance and competitiveness.

scholarly journals Significance of Agriculture for Bioeconomy in the Member States of the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8709
Author(s):  
Anna Nowak ◽  
Anna Kobiałka ◽  
Artur Krukowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Environmental Public Goods ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Eu

Bioeconomy is a response of the European Union and its member states to global challenges such as ensuring food security, mandatory sustainable management of natural resources, mitigating climate change and reducing dependency on non-renewable resources. One of the sectors playing an important role in the development of bioeconomy is agriculture, which accounts for the largest part of biomass used as a raw material for producing bioproducts. This paper is an attempt to answer the following questions: What is the essence and significance of the bioeconomy sector in the EU? How significant is agriculture to the bioeconomy sector? What is the potential and competitiveness of agriculture in EU countries? Data used in surveys is sourced from the Data-Modelling platform of agro-economics research and covers the years 2008–2017. The position of agriculture in the bioeconomy was determined based on measures such as level of employment and gross value added (GVA), turnover, while its competitiveness was assessed based on labour productivity. The results of surveys showed that more than 50% of all bioeconomy workers were employed in agriculture. The sector produced nearly 30% GVA and had a more than 18% share in bioeconomy turnover. Member states of the European Union featured diverse agricultural potential. At the same time, the productivity of agriculture was one of the lowest in the bioeconomy sector. The importance of agriculture stems not only from its food function, but also from the production of biomass. However, its social function is equally important, and in the face of escalating environmental problems the function connected with reducing external costs and producing environmental public goods has become complementary.

scholarly journals The health care sector in the economies of the European Union: an overview using an input–output framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Gutiérrez-Hernández ◽  
Ignacio Abásolo-Alessón
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
European Union ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Health Care Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Input Output ◽  
National Currencies ◽  
Market Production ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Purchasing Power Parities

Abstract Background This study aims to analyse the relative importance of the health care sector (health care activities and services), its interrelations with the rest of productive activities, aggregate supply and demand, employment requirements and apparent labour productivity in the European Union (EU) economy as a whole, and in the economies of member countries. Methods The methodology used is based on input–output analysis. Data are extracted from National Accounts and, specifically, from the input–output framework for 2010. Data in national currencies are adjusted using as a conversion factor, specific purchasing power parities for health. Results In the EU, market production predominates in the provision of health care activities, which are financed mainly by public funding. However, there is significant variability among countries, and, in fact, non-market production predominates in most EU countries. The health care sector has direct backward and forward linkages lower than the average for all sectors of the economy and the average for the services sector. Thus, this sector is relatively independent of the rest of the productive structure in the EU. The health care activities industry is key because of its ability to generate value added and employment. Regarding apparent labour productivity, there are significant differences among EU countries, showing that productivity is positively related to the weight of market production in health care activities and negatively related to the number of hours worked per person employed. Conclusions Our results provide useful insights for health authorities in the EU, as they analyse the effect of health policies on macroeconomic indicators using an input–output framework, as well as comparing these effects with those in EU member countries. To the best of our knowledge, an analysis of the health care sector in the EU economy and the countries that integrate it using an input–output framework has not been undertaken. In addition, to compare health care expenditure between countries, data in national currencies have been adjusted using specific purchasing power parities for “health”, and not ones referring to the total economy (GDP), which is common practice in many previous studies.

The rotating Presidency of the Council of the EU – Still an agenda-setter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-518
Author(s):  
Austė Vaznonytė
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Agenda Setter ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Council Presidency ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

What role does the rotating Council Presidency maintain a decade after Lisbon? This article argues that, regardless of institutional changes, the rotating Presidency still shapes the Council agenda to a large extent. Based on an original hand-coded dataset of rotating Presidency programmes between 1997 and 2017, I show that some policies are ‘stickier’ on the Council agenda, while the others exhibit significant changes in salience over time. Since the magnitude of these shifts varies from Presidency to Presidency, the analysis focuses on domestic political factors and the country positioning vis-à-vis the European Union to determine their relationship with agenda volatility. By means of a panel model, the examination demonstrates that the government issue salience can best explain the levels of issue salience in the Presidency programmes.

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