Prospects for the Growth of Labor Productivity in the Transition to Postindustrial Technological Paradigms

The purpose of the work was to determine the reasons for the loss by the education system of the function of forming human capital in the country, which manifests itself in the loss of the “education premium” by the employed population of the country. As result of the research, established that the most important factor-giving rise to educational problems is the ineffectiveness of management. In the education system, management based on outdated approaches and principles, which are characterized as an administrative and control style of management that has developed in the industrial economy and goes back to Taylorism, against the backdrop of limited funding. Numerous norms, standards, indicators and results of work, reports of educational institutions, subject to systematic control, are typical for the management of the education system. The practice-oriented approach implemented in education standards enhances the effect of obstacles on the path of innovative development during the transition to post-industrial economic structures. The educational system of modern Russia does not correspond to the possibility of solving the problem of developing the national economy. To bring the education system in line with modern requirements, a revision and im-provement of education policy is required.

Spinning the Conductors of an Indigenous Tradition

Over the last decades, there has been an unusual global interest in vindicating the knowledge and practices of indigenous communities. In Latin America one can see this particularly in numerous demands regarding anti-colonial politics, history, anthropology, and aesthetics. Based on interviews and analyses of a selection of aruma-Sandra De Berduccy's artworks, this paper explores aesthetic, material, and conceptual aspects of her work, focusing on her use of the Andean loom as a highly complex technological and social compound. It further puts her art in dialogue with nature and media archaeological debates, suggesting that her work invites us to explore a different path for media art outside hegemonic scientific and technological paradigms.

Light Technology for Efficient and Effective Photodynamic Therapy: A Critical Review

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment with strong potential over well-established standard therapies in certain cases. Non-ionising radiation, localisation, possible repeated treatments, and stimulation of immunological response are some of the main beneficial features of PDT. Despite the great potential, its application remains challenging. Limited light penetration depth, non-ideal photosensitisers, complex dosimetry, and complicated implementations in the clinic are some limiting factors hindering the extended use of PDT. To surpass actual technological paradigms, radically new sources, light-based devices, advanced photosensitisers, measurement devices, and innovative application strategies are under extensive investigation. The main aim of this review is to highlight the advantages/pitfalls, technical challenges and opportunities of PDT, with a focus on technologies for light activation of photosensitisers, such as light sources, delivery devices, and systems. In this vein, a broad overview of the current status of superficial, interstitial, and deep PDT modalities—and a critical review of light sources and their effects on the PDT process—are presented. Insight into the technical advancements and remaining challenges of optical sources and light devices is provided from a physical and bioengineering perspective.

Bioethics and Biolaw as Bioeconomy Regulators

The paper deals with the ethical and legal principles (foundations) of economy that have been important and required to a various extent at different stages in history. Advances in science and technology, emergence of modern biotechnologies, including the genetic ones, as well as shifts to new technological paradigms, on the one hand, make the emerging economy drift towards bioeconomy, and, on the other hand, increase the need for legal and ethical regulators. In view of the above, bioethics and biolaw begin to play an increasingly active role at the new stage of human civilization development. In Russia, the phenomena of bioethics and biolaw are at the initial stage of their institutionalization, they become more and more appealing due to the intensification of public debates, as well as due to an increase in the number of conflicts caused by the attempts to implement and broadly apply the achievements of biology, medicine and other sciences about life in daily practice.

Prospects for the Growth of Labor Productivity in the Transition to Postindustrial Technological Paradigms

The purpose of the work was to determine the value of labor productivity pro-vided by the fourth, fifth and sixth technological modes. Based on the modeling of Kondratyev's cycles and technological structures in the economic dynamics of devel-oped countries, econometric estimates of labor productivity obtained. It has been estab-lished that during the transition from the fourth to the fifth technological order, the growth of labor productivity in developed countries is ensured from 2.0 to 8.0 times, an average of 4.8 times. In the transition from the fourth to the sixth technological order, the growth of labor productivity in developed countries is ensured from 6 to 17 times, an average of 10.1 times. In the transition from the fifth to the sixth order, the techno-logical order provides an increase in the forgiveness of labor from 1.5 to 3.2 times, on average 2.4 times. In the Russian economy, in the short term, with the transition to the fifth technological order, one can expect productivity growth from 2 to 8 times com-pared to the beginning of the 2000s. In the long term, in the Russian economy during the transition to the sixth technological order, one can expect productivity growth from 6 to 17 times compared to the beginning of the 2000s.

The assessment of the scientific and innovation potential of the Republic of Tatarstan in the global and national contexts: scientometric positioning of the region in the technological paradigms of the Industries 4.0 and 5.0

One of the key priorities of the modern Russian domestic policy lies in gaining competitive advantages in solution of the tasks of global scientific and technological frontiers as the basis for sustainable economic development. Russian economy is oriented towards seeking new growth drivers through technological changes in both traditional and new technology, products and services markets. A breakthrough in the sphere of innovations is possible in the conditions if the applied science would create the system of advanced scientific-technological platform, which is human centered and more resilient for the future. Thus, in the context of drastic technological and structural shifts in the global economic system, Russia’s task of transition towards the new stage of scientific revolution acquires particular relevance. The goal of this article consists in the analysis of scientific and innovation development of the Russian Federation and its regions under the new conditions. Analysis is conducted on the fundamental trends within the framework of transition to a new technological structure, scientometric indicators worldwide, Russia and the Republic of Tatarstan in the context of the prospects for the country’s accomplishment of the new objectives of global scientific and technological agenda. The author determines the central problems in building the integral domestic innovation system in the conditions of external factors; develops the original approach towards assessment of scientific capacity of the universities and academic institutions in the technological paradigms of the Industries 4.0 and 5.0.

INVESTMENTS IN TECHNOLOGICAL LAYOUT. STIMULATION TOOLS

An issue of the economic growth launching in Russia and carrying out technological renewal of the economy seems to be the central task at the current stage of the country’s economic development. However, the overwhelming majority of theories of economic growth, as well as the classical theory of economic policy, do not give an exact answer as to the technological renewal in the economy and its role when changing the structure of technologies and investments in them. The present study fills that apparent gap, and on the basis of the theory of technological paradigms created by the Russian school of economic thought. The purpose of the study is to structurally analyze the dynamics of investments in fixed assets in the technological structures of the Russian economy with an assessment of the impact on it of certain instruments of macroeconomic policy. On the basis of taxonomic methods of identifying paradigms by types of economic activity, the authors propose a solution to the problem of measuring structures and the investments made in them. The stages in the methodology for the struc- tural analysis and assessment of the economic policy instruments impact- ing through the regression econometric analysis on the target investment function of each of the identified paradigms are formed. The study resulted in obtaining a picture of the distribution of the impact of macroeconomic policy instruments separately for each technological paradigm, according to the selection made. That allows, firstly, to understand the dispersed power of the influence of the economic policy being implemented, and secondly, to see the possibilities of correcting the ongoing structural and investment policy and the use of macroeconomic instruments, as well as institutional changes – individual for each element of the structure – technological paradigm. The prospect of the study is the development of various models based on the selected structure of technological paradigms and investments in them, linking the development of structures and detailing the impact of each of the economic policy instruments.

Modernity imperatives impact on the Russian coal industry enterprises institutional environment

In recent years, there has been an increase in the influence of the imperatives of the modern world on the institutional environment of the national economy, which not only creates qualitatively new combinations of challenges, but also contributes to the emergence of multiple institutional gaps. The Russian coal industry is a representative example of an asymmetric institutional environment based on different technological paradigms. In the article, the authors analyze the inconsistencies of the institutional environment of the Russian coal industry with the requirements of the modern world and propose ways to overcome the revealed institutional gaps. The phenomenon of institutions is considered and their significance for the economic sphere is determined. The main institutions of the market economy are presented. The influence of the imperatives of our time on the institutional breaks of the coal industry is indicated. The importance of improving the quality of the institutional environment has been substantiated. The state of the institutional environment of the Russian coal industry is critically analyzed. The directions of corrections of the identified problem areas are proposed for the purpose of innovative development of the domestic coal industry. The mutual influence of formal and informal institutions was clarified. The importance of the innovative development of the Russian coal industry in conjunction with investments in human capital is determined. Finally, the main results of the study are summarized.

Drone Forensics

Drones (a.k.a. unmanned aerial vehicles – UAV) have become a societal norm in our daily lives. The ability of drones capture high-quality photos from an aerial view and store and transmit such data presents a multi-facet problem. These actions possess privacy challenges to innocent users who can be spied on or drone owner's data which may be intercepted by a hacker. With all technological paradigms, utilities can be misused, and this is an increasing occurrence with drones. As a result, it is imperative to develop a novel methodological approach for the digital forensic analysis of a seized drone. This paper investigates six brands of drones commonly used in criminal activities and extracts forensically relevant data such as location information, captured images and videos, drones' flight paths, and data related to the ownership of the confiscated drone. The experimental results indicate that drone forensics would facilitate law enforcement in collecting significant information necessary for criminal investigations.