Water sustainability in the brewing industry: a stakeholder based approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-263
Author(s):  
Jonathan Morris
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Stakeholder Pressures ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Response To Water

This research explores the experiences of companies operating in the brewing industry, a water intensive industry, and in particular the responses to stakeholder pressures which drive actions towards social and environmental responsibility. This paper examines the stakeholder pressures facing brewing companies at a multi-national level, which are compared and contrasted to those felt at a regional and local level across the United Kingdom. The findings reveal that typical pro-environmentally responsible behaviour relating to water is focused around water consumption and the cleaning and sterilisation of equipment but there are increasing regulatory pressures as well as emerging economic and environmental opportunities which are driving a more holistic approach to stakeholder engagement. The findings from a study of 10 brewing firms in the UK and 5 multi-national firms demonstrates the stakeholder pressures and organisational incentives which shape sustainability activity and the development of resource capacities at an industrial level, as well as the drivers for firm-level response to water threats.

Reducing the Impact of Unemployment through Work-Sharing: Some Industrial Relations Considerations

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah M. Meltz ◽  
Frank Reid
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Work Sharing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

The Canadian Government has introduced a work-sharing program in which lay offs are avoided by reducing the work week and using unemployment insurance funds to pay workers short-time compensation. Compared to the lay-off alternative, there appear to be economic benefits to work-sharing for both management and employees. Reaction to the scheme has been generally positive at the union local level and the firm level, but it has been negative at the national level of both labour and management. These divergent views can be explained mainly as a result of short-run versus long-run perspectives. Managers at the firm level see the immediate benefit of improved labour relations and the avoidance of the costs of hiring and training replacements for laid-off workers who do not respond when recalled. The national business leaders are more concerned with work incentive and efficiency aspects of work-sharing.

scholarly journals The Role of Accountability Arrangements in Social Innovations: Evidence from the UK and Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Nemec ◽  
Marta Orviska ◽  
Colin Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Available Information

AbstractOur research focuses on selected accountability mechanisms in the two countries. In Slovakia these are the Supreme Audit Office (SAO) and the Ombudsman. In the UK, at the national level we chose the Committee of Public Accounts (PAC), the National Audit Office (NAO) and the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) and on the local level the relatively recently introduced local government system of Scrutiny and Overview.The goal of our article is to assess the potential contribution of these accountability arrangements to the anchoring of social innovation in the public sector. The theory anticipates that accountability institutions such as the SAO and Ombudsman may create feedback loops supporting public innovations. We undertook detailed checks on the concrete situation in the Slovak Republic and in the UK. On the basis of the comprehensive set of data reviewed, including reports, interviews and more generally available information, we can confidently conclude that while in Slovakia such a feedback loop barely functions, in the UK it does function on a limited but still significant scale. In the last part we provide selected arguments why the Slovak situation is less positive.

An Examination into the Embryo Disposal Practices of Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority Licenced Fertility Centers in the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
ABIGAIL MAGUIRE
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Human Fertilization ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Clinic Practice ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Policy And Procedure

AbstractWhen fertility centers dispose of embryos, how should this be done? Current regulatory guidelines by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority state that, when terminating the development of human embryos, a clinic should act with sensitivity, taking account of the embryo’s “special status” and respecting the interests of the gamete providers and recipients. As yet, it is unclear as to how and to what extent this achieved within fertility clinics in the UK. Resultantly, this paper examines the largely undocumented domain of embryo disposal practice. By undertaking an empirical study into policy and procedure and noting divergence in clinic practice, it then comments on the ethical implications of these protocols for patients and practitioners. Specifically, this paper argues for a more holistic approach to embryo disposal. An approach that effectively meets the requirements of the lab, is respectful of the “special status” of the human embryo, and, perhaps most importantly, reflects the multifaceted needs of the patient.

scholarly journals The United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Szczudlik
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Confucius Institutes ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Asymmetrical Model ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Central Level

The aim of this chapter is to analyse how the UK actors cooperate with their Chinese counterparts at the regional and local level. Due to the United Kingdom’s constitutional and administrative structure, consisting of the four nations (countries), i.e. England, Wales, Scotland (collectively known as the Great Britain) and Northern Ireland, and a highly developed (yet asymmetrical) model of decentralisation of executive and legislative powers (known as devolution) within those four nations, in the UK’s case Sino-British local cooperation refers either to the nations themselves (e.g. Scotland), to various metropolitan projects in England (e.g. the Northern Powerhouse) or to individual cities. This chapter undertakes to answer the following questions: Do local authorities in the UK follow the central government’s policy on China? What are the British local governments’ main goals and areas of cooperation with their Chinese partners? What is the model of the UK’s paradiplomacy? The chapter consists of two main parts. The first one is devoted to the central level: the description of the UK government’s policy towards China, the state of play of UK-China relations, and the UK’s perception of China, including China’s “soft” presence in Britain (tourists, students, Confucius Institutes, etc.). The second part is focused on the local and regional level. It starts with an explanation of the legal framework of British local and regional level cooperation, then it sets forth the survey results, concluding with the presentation of two case studies: Liverpool – a city in England; and Scotland – one of the UK’s nations and EU regions

The Circulation of Youth Policies and Adaptation of Youth Work Practices Organised by Young People at Local Level in France

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Fransez Poisson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Youth Workers ◽  
Youth Services ◽  
Community Organisation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

Abstract This article is focused on two local participation initiatives in North America and Europe. The Youth Services Cooperatives, summer organizations created by teenagers in Quebec, have been adopted in France since 2013, with the support of local institutions responsible for organising youth policies in the Brittany region (France). The other initiative, youth dialogue exchanges organised by young people, was established in Italy, the United Kingdom, and France. This European scheme aimed to create new ways of thinking about cultural policies for young people at local level. Conceptually, this work is based on actor-network theory (Akrich, Callon, and Latour, 2006) and the transnationalisation of public policies (Hassenteufel, 2005) applied to youth policies (Loncle, 2011), with a view to understanding how organisations working across different countries adapt certain international initiatives between different local contexts. The research is based on fieldwork. Interviews were conducted with young people, youth workers, and decision makers in France and Quebec. In Italy and in the UK, informal discussions and interviews with decision makers were carried out, and observations were made during activities led by young people. The analysis demonstrates that the circulation of participation initiatives is strongly dependent on the original context, especially with regard to the organisation of youth policies. Some characteristics of the initiative, for example the model of community organisation, are difficult to transfer to a country where public policies are centred around public institutions. Because of the absence of international actors who would be able to facilitate links between the organizations involved in these projects, local youth workers have taken on the role of international mediators between the original project and the new initiative in the destination context. These experiences are of interest for understanding how young people can have a fundamental role in implementing new participation initiatives, and have an impact on the definition and implementation of youth policies.

scholarly journals The Joy of Joining Up: Modes of Integrating the Local Government Modernisation Agenda

10.1068/c0135 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Cowell ◽  
Steve Martin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Government Reforms

Since 1997, local government in the United Kingdom has found itself at the sharp end of an ambitious programme of potentially far-reaching reforms known collectively as the ‘local government modernisation agenda’ (LGMA). These initiatives are intended to promote ‘joined-up government’ and holistic service delivery—two of the hallmarks of New Labour's approach to public service improvement. To date there has been very little analysis of the ways in which local authorities are approaching this task at a corporate level. The authors examine the theory and practice of joining up policymaking and service delivery in local government. They draw upon an analysis of the perspectives of key actors involved in the formulation and implementation of current local government reforms at the national level and the experiences of a sample of authorities that have been among the most active in seeking to integrate the various elements of the LGMA at local level. The evidence suggests that the superficially attractive logic of more integrated policymaking and service provision, which runs so strongly through current reforms, belies the multidimensional nature of joined-up working. The presentation of the LGMA as a coherent package of reforms therefore disguises the degree to which different forms of joining up may conflict. In particular, the push for closer vertical integration between local and central government, with ever-tighter control being exerted from the centre over priorities and performance, is seen as constraining progress towards more effective horizontal joined-up working at a local level.

Indicator-Based Systems of Performance Management in the National Health Service: A Comparison of the Perceptions of Local- and National-Level Managers

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
National Health ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
The Uk

Historically, the UK Government has policed the use of National Health Service (NHS) resources through the centralization of control. With the majority of resource-draining decisions being taken by clinicians, however, professional financial accountability is becoming more important within the NHS management structure. Variations in clinical performance can be monitored through the use of performance indicators, although these are not without their problems. The use of league tables of such indicators in the national press is now infamous and there is much anecdotal evidence about the intraorganizational conflict arising from the use of such tables. A questionnaire survey and interview study of clinical directors, clinical service directors and business managers in several Scottish NHS Trusts was undertaken to ascertain the perceptions of local-level managers on the issue of performance indicators. Interviews were also carried out with a number of personnel in the Scottish Office Department of Economics and Information, the Division of Health Gain and the Finance Directorate. This paper explores the differences between the perceptions of the managers at these two levels of the NHS with regards to issues of performance measurement, intraorganizational conflict and corporate vision.

scholarly journals Public libraries, arts and cultural policy in the UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8/9) ◽  
pp. 570-582
Author(s):  
Richard Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Uk

Purpose Public libraries in the UK are increasingly expected to provide arts activities and events as part of their usual operations. The purpose of this paper is to summarise recent policy trends in this direction from both the perspective of libraries’ and the arts sector. A touring theatre project aimed at children and families is discussed in further detail to examine some of the outcomes of these policies. Design/methodology/approach The paper will present a brief history of policy developments and debate in this area. Mixed method findings from the research element of “Among Ideal Friends” will be discussed, having used surveys and interviews with audiences and librarians, geodemographic profiling, box office records and library card data. Findings Public funding across both libraries and the arts has decreased at a national and local level, though both sectors are encouraged to work together to share expertise and community knowledge. Research limitations/implications The primary funding for the project was an arts funding body. While a holistic approach to evaluation was taken, this limited any specific focus that might have been given to educational outcomes or cost-benefit analysis compared to other interventions. Practical implications Public libraries can see the results and challenges of a successful regional touring theatre project for consideration in their own activity planning, especially those related to families and younger users. Social implications Libraries and Arts organisations have different priorities in regards to these areas. Though co-operative, the situation is not without tension. The topic is illustrative of some wider debates around cultural value, everyday participation and cultural democracy. Originality/value This paper offers a timely discussion of cultural policy in relation to libraries, e.g. The Society of Chief Librarians “Universal Cultural Offer” (October 2017).

The portability of social rights of the United Kingdom with the European Union: Facts, issues, and prospects

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-340
Author(s):  
Robert Holzmann ◽  
Jacques Wels
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Child Allowances ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Pension

The portability of social benefits – such as the state pension, child allowances and unemployment benefits – for international migrants is regulated by social security agreements concluded between countries or at supra-national level, such as within the European Economic Area (EEA). Focusing on the United Kingdom, this article aims at capturing the main issues that have been recently raised by such agreements, with particular emphasis on the case of migration between the UK and Europe. The first part of the paper summarises the main consideration researchers and policy makers should bear in mind in looking at portability. Using data from the 2013 World Bank migration matrix, the second part of the paper compares the stock of British migrants residing abroad and the stock of foreigners living in the United Kingdom. The third part of the paper summarises the main issues that were raised in relation to the EEA multilateral agreement including the notion of residence, the state pension, family allowances, and the portability of health care benefits. The conclusions highlight the main concerns and options that lie ahead following the withdrawal of the UK from the European Union.

scholarly journals Exploring the ‘Shadows’ in the Implementation Processes for National Anti-fraud Strategies at the Local Level: Aims, Ownership, and Impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Levi ◽  
Alan Doig
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Strategy Implementation ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
The Uk

Abstract This article studies the development and implementation of a nationally drafted strategy for fraud in local government in England. The purpose, relevant to other countries which also face (or evade) problems of policy outreach, is to consider what is required to achieve effective implementation through three broad aspects: aims, ownership, and impact. There is a particular focus on the assessment of the strategy implementation process and what mechanisms translate strategies into effective delivery or what other factors may subvert that delivery. The empirical research draws on the UK government’s 2006 policy review on fraud and the consequential changes between then and 2019, including a number of fraud strategies initiated by the United Kingdom central government. To review implementation in practice, it focuses on the 2011 local government strategy and uses a local-level case study to assess issues concerning aims, ownership, and impact, as well as the effect of other nationally determined policies and agendas. It concludes that without an ‘owned’ strategy implementation process as a whole, national strategies concerning the prevention and policing of fraud in England in the twenty-first century have had—and continue to have—modest impact on practice on the ground at the local level. We find it plausible that this is true elsewhere in the world, not only for crime control but also for other ‘change’ strategies in the public sector. However, testing that proposition is for researchers in other countries. Our aim here is to use this superficially parochial study to raise more universal questions about how policy designers (and academic researchers) need to take better account of circumstances on the ground, the management of strategy implementation and legitimacy, if their strategies are to be more than merely symbolic rhetoric.

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