Paratext

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roswitha Skare
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Printed Books

This article presents Gérard Genette’s concept of the paratext by defining the term and by describing its characteristics. The use of the concept in disciplines other than literary studies and for media other than printed books is discussed. The last section shows the relevance of the concept for library and information science in general and for knowledge organization, in which paratext in particular is connected to the concept “metadata.”

scholarly journals Knowledge Organization and Representation under the AI Lens

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Jian Qin
Keyword(s):  
Linked Data ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractPurposeThis paper compares the paradigmatic differences between knowledge organization (KO) in library and information science and knowledge representation (KR) in AI to show the convergence in KO and KR methods and applications.MethodologyThe literature review and comparative analysis of KO and KR paradigms is the primary method used in this paper.FindingsA key difference between KO and KR lays in the purpose of KO is to organize knowledge into certain structure for standardizing and/or normalizing the vocabulary of concepts and relations, while KR is problem-solving oriented. Differences between KO and KR are discussed based on the goal, methods, and functions.Research limitationsThis is only a preliminary research with a case study as proof of concept.Practical implicationsThe paper articulates on the opportunities in applying KR and other AI methods and techniques to enhance the functions of KO.Originality/value:Ontologies and linked data as the evidence of the convergence of KO and KR paradigms provide theoretical and methodological support to innovate KO in the AI era.

The National Library of Iran, Past and Present

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Amirkhani
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
National Library ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Service Institution

This article deals with the history and activities of the National Library of Iran, was officially inaugurated in 1937 but whose collection dates back 150 years. It contains large numbers of manuscripts, old printed books, old itineraries from European tourists, documents, rare periodicals and materials in non-print forms. It has grown gradually through donations, exchanges, acquisition, and legal deposit. The library is an educational, research, and service institution, aiming to acquire, organize and disseminate information published or produced in Iran or in the fields of Iranology and Islamic study in other countries, to promote research and planning in library and information science, and to provide consultation and devise appropriate methods for all Iranian libraries. A new building, with an area of 97,000 square metres, is due to be inaugurated in 2003.

Towards a Sociology of KOS and More Basic KO Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-510
Author(s):  
Philip Hider
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Critical Tradition ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

It is suggested that the knowledge organization (KO) field places greater emphasis on basic research that examines the sociology of KO systems (KOS) and the broader, environmental reasons for the development of both formal and informal KOS. This approach is contrasted with applied KO, which focuses on the practical construction or improvement of specific KOS. The preponderance of applied research in the field of KO is confirmed, at least within the document-centric strand more closely aligned with library and information science, through a survey of articles in the Knowledge Organization journal published between 2009 and 2018. The survey utilized the Frascati Manual definitions for basic and applied research, and referenced Tennis’s classification of KO research (2008). There is considerable potential for building on the critical tradition of KO, with various areas ripe for further sociological investigation. A sociology of KOS could also be accommodated in the popular KO approach of domain analysis.

scholarly journals Epistemic warrant for categorizational activities and the development of controlled vocabularies

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martínez-Ávila ◽  
John M. Budd
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Controlled Vocabulary ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Controlled Vocabularies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Epistemic Warrant ◽  
Ontological Approach ◽  
First Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to update and review the concept of warrant in Library and Information Science (LIS) and to introduce the concept of epistemic warrant from philosophy. Epistemic warrant can be used to assess the content of a work; and therefore, it can be a complement to existing warrants, such as literary warrant, in the development of controlled vocabularies. In this proposal, the authors aim to activate a theoretical discussion on warrant in order to revise and improve the validity of the concept of warrant from the user and classifier context to the classificationist context. Design/methodology/approach The authors have conducted an extensive literary review and close reading of the concept of warrant in LIS and knowledge organization in order to detect the different stances and gaps in which the concept of epistemic warrant might apply. The authors adopted an epistemological approach, in the vein of some of the previous commenters on warrant, such as Hope Olson and Birger Hjørland, and built upon the theoretical framework of different authors working with the concept of warrant outside knowledge organization, such as Alvin Plantinga and Alvin Goldman. Findings There are some authors and critics in the literature that have voiced for a more epistemological approach to warrant (in opposition to a predominantly ontological approach). In this sense, epistemic warrant would be an epistemological warrant and also a step forward toward pragmatism in a prominently empiricist context such as the justification of the inclusion of terms in a controlled vocabulary. Epistemic warrant can be used to complement literary warrant in the development of controlled vocabularies as well as in the classification of works. Originality/value This paper presents an exhaustive update and revision of the concept of warrant, analyzing, systematizing, and reviewing the different warrants discussed in the LIS literary warrant in a critical way. The concept of epistemic warrant for categorizational activities is introduced to the LIS field for the first time. This paper, and the proposal of epistemic warrant, has the potential to contribute to the theoretical and practical discussions on the development of controlled vocabularies and assessment of the content of works.

scholarly journals Epistemologia em Ciência da Informação: cenário internacional a partir da Web of Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Augiza Karla Boso Anselmo ◽  
Rosângela Schwarz Rodrigues ◽  
Cezar Karpinski
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Library And Information Science

Introdução: A publicação de artigos científicos é necessária para a divulgação da ciência. Objetivo: Neste contexto, o objetivo geral é analisar o cenário internacional da publicação científica sobre Epistemologia em periódicos da área de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, indexados pela Web of Science (WoS). Os objetivos específicos são: a) identificar os títulos de periódicos com maior número de publicação sobre o tema, bem como sua tipificação editorial; b) relatar os tipos de acesso dos periódicos por país; c) apontar as palavras-chave mais utilizadas e d) Identificar os epistemólogos mais utilizados no referencial teórico. Metodologia: O estudo foi caracterizado como exploratório, descritivo e quantitativo. Como procedimentos técnicos, fez-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica na principal coleção da WoS utilizando a estratégia de busca: (TI=(epistem*) AND SU=(library and Information Science)). O período estipulado foi de 2003 a 2018 e obteve-se um total de 113 artigos válidos. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que os periódicos com mais artigos publicados foram Knowledge Organization, com 14 artigos, seguido do Journal of Documentation, com nove artigos. Observa-se que os 113 artigos foram publicados em 41 títulos de periódicos e que pertencem a 26 editoras distintas. Quanto aos epistemólogos mais citados, o destaque foi para Kuhn. Conclusões: Conclui-se que as editoras comerciais possuem um amplo mercado, prevalecendo os altíssimos valores das taxas. O valor médio foi de 2.778,88 dólares americanos. Por fim, verificou-se que a produção científica sobre Epistemologia em Ciência da Informação é tematicamente diversa e aplicada, notando uma aproximação do campo epistemológico aos estudos de Organização do Conhecimento.

Provenance as a Knowledge Organization Principle

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 558-568
Author(s):  
Natalia Tognoli ◽  
José Augusto Chaves Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Archival Theory ◽  
Archival Practice ◽  
Single Term ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Ordering Systems

The principle of provenance is one of the most important milestones in archival practice and theory from the time its establishment grounded the scientific dimension of archival discipline in the nineteenth century. Since then, provenance and document context have supported the organization of archival knowledge (especially through classification and description procedures). Such relationships were gradually refined over the years and from different experiences between European archives and their classification and ordering systems. Historically, the principle of provenance is a pivotal moment in the development of archival theory, crucial to understanding the nature of records and archives. However, in archival theory, the principle of provenance still does not correspond to a single term or a single definition and scarce normalization terminology remains one of the problems of archival science, which leads to a lack of consensus about the division between the two principles of provenance and original order. Recently, the concept of provenance has been addressed by many other disciplines (law, library and information science, computer science and visual analytics) and applied to different domains (cloud-based storage, preservation of digital records, digital evidence, digital humanities, e-science, open data, linked data, knowledge organization and indexing. As the use of provenance reaches new domains it is no longer just an organizing principle but also a means of reaching for authenticity and reliability of data and objects in digital environments or museums or to reestablish the original organic relationship in library collections.

scholarly journals Diplomatics as a methodological perspective for archival knowledge organization

NASKO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Natália Bolfarini Tognoli ◽  
José Augusto Chaves Guimarães ◽  
Joseph T Tennis
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Archival Science ◽  
Bibliographic Records ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Knowledge organization is usually discussed in the Library and Information Science community, but it is a concept rarely applied to archival science. It occurs, among other things, due the fact that until the late twentieth century the discipline did not recognize information as its object of study, studying only the record and the archive. Archival science began to consider information asits object of study when in 1988, in North America, the authors Couture, Ducharme, and Rousseau, proposed the use of the terms “organic information” and “nonorganic information”, defining the former as one created and received by a physical person or entity in the course of a practical activity, and the latter as one contained in bibliographical records, replacing therefore the concepts of archival and bibliographic records, in archival science research.

Knowledge organization content in graduate coursework

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 90-106
Author(s):  
Sajjad ur Rehman ◽  
Bibi Alajmi
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Knowledge Maps ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Graduate Coursework ◽  
Accredited Schools ◽  
Leading Schools ◽  
Library And Information Education

Purpose Knowledge organization (KO) content is central to educational programs of library and information science (LIS) and information and knowledge management (KM) programs. The components of information and KO have similar philosophies, theories, approaches, strategies and tools. LIS education programs have strong traditions of teaching KO. Fresh emphasis is noted on metadata, data mining, info-maps, knowledge maps, taxonomy, ontologies and other strategies for organizing an organization’s explicit and tacit knowledge. This paper aims to analyze how LIS schools have responded to the needs of developing competencies related to information and KO among its graduates. Design/methodology/approach This study analyzed the curricula of LIS accredited schools and leading schools in selected regions of the world based on the course titles presented on their websites. Findings This analysis provided an overall picture of the coverage of KO courses in LIS programs of 68 selected schools located in Southeast Asia, the Europe and accredited schools of North America. Research limitations/implications The paper is limited to the treatment of KO in 68 selected programs of LIS education. Practical implications Library and information education programs may benefit from the findings for incorporating needed content in KO coursework. Originality/value The study is ground-breaking as it addresses the needs of development of KO competencies among LIS professionals from the perspective of findings of a systematic study of the curricula of 68 schools.

scholarly journals Twenty Years After: Scientific Research in the Field of Knowledge Organization in Romania (1993-2012)

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1(105)) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Victioria Francu ◽  
Tabita Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Collection Data

PURPOSE/THESIS: The main point that we want to emphasize in this study is that research in the field of knowledge organization in Romania over the last twenty years is unequally distributed among different professional categories ranging from library and Information science faculty members, library professionals, software tools developers to independent researchers. The specific situation of library and Information science functioning as a university department in Romania with an interruption of 20 years (1970-1990) affected the overall situation of scientific research in the specific fields associated with this discipline. APPROACH/METHODS: The study covers three stages: data collection, data recording and data interpretation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The primary outcomes of the scientific research activities in question are publications (books, book chapters and journal articles). Given this, our interest will be directed towards the analysis to what extent research and publications have made an impact on the evolution of Romanian libraries over this twenty years span.

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