Hanseatisch modern

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Country Houses ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Public Architecture

Using the example of the civic city of Hamburg, the book focuses on the impulses from the privately initiated architecture of modernity. Because in addition to the well-regarded public architecture of the Hanseatic city, key architectures in the 20th century were often due to private impulses. Examples are villas and country houses, but also the new construction of the Hamburg State Opera, a public building that goes back to initiatives by the Hanseatic merchants. In addition to in-depth individual studies, for example on the building of the Hamburg Kunstverein from 1930, it is also about private-sector construction as an expression of a specific Hamburg identity, such as the architect Cäsar Pinnau sketched in the 1960s with the administration building of the shipping company Hamburg Süd that shaped the cityscape. The essays of the volume thus represent test bores for this little-noticed problem in the history of architecture in the 20th century.

Form and History in Modern Arabic Poetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda Fakhreddine
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Prose Poem ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Fundamental Forces ◽  
Modern Arabic

Modern Arabic poetic forms developed in conversation with the rich Arabic poetic tradition, on one hand, and the Western literary traditions, primarily English and French, on the other. In light of the drastic social and political changes that swept the Arab world in the first half of the 20th century, Western influences often appear in the scholarship on the period to be more prevalent and operative in the rise of the modernist movement. Nevertheless, one of the fundamental forces that drove the movement from its early phases is its urgent preoccupation with the Arabic poetic heritage and its investment in forging a new relationship with the literary past. The history of poetic forms in the first half of the 20th century reveals much about the dynamics between margin and center, old and new, commitment and escapism, autochthonous and outside imperatives. Arabic poetry in the 20th century reflects the political and social upheavals in Arab life. The poetic forms which emerged between the late 1940s and early 1960s presented themselves as aesthetically and ideologically revolutionary. The modernist poets were committed to a project of change in the poem and beyond. Developments from the qas̩īdah of the late 19th century to the prose poem of the 1960s and the notion of writing (kitābah) after that suggest an increased loosening or abandoning of formal restrictions. However, the contending poetic proposals, from the most formal to the most experimental, all continue to coexist in the Arabic poetic landscape in the 21st century. The tensions and negotiations between them are what often lead to the most creative poetic breakthroughs.

AICARC and the Archives of Modern Art

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Jörg Heusser
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
20Th Century Art

Since the 1960s AICA, the Association Internationale des Critiques d’Art, has been increasingly concerned with the primary resources on which research depends. In particular, access to archival material was felt to be necessary in order to counter a dominant, highly selective, ‘modernist’ interpretation of 20th century art, with a more objective, comprehensive, and thoroughly researched history of the period covering all countries. The AICARC-Bulletin, founded in 1974, is devoted to primary sources, archives and documentation centres, archival techniques, and the ‘documentary’ approach to art, in relation to the art of this century.

Uruguayan Cinema in the 20th Century

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alex Richter
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Film Exhibition ◽  
Mass Publics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lumiere Brothers ◽  
Film Productions ◽  
Democratic Nation ◽  
The 1960S

Cinema began in Uruguay with the exhibition of foreign films by visiting representatives of the Lumière brothers in 1896 before the first Uruguayan film was produced and shown in 1898. From the early period of Uruguayan cinema to the end of the 20th century, Uruguayan national cinema struggled to exist in the estimation of critical observers. Considering these periods of growth and stagnation, this history of Uruguayan cinema seeks to shed light on the industry’s evolution by focusing on exhibition, production, and spectatorship. This essay explores Uruguay’s national film productions, transnational businesses in shaping local film exhibition, the growth of mass publics and critical spectatorship, and the significance of political filmmaking in understanding the evolution of Latin American cinema during the 1960s. The history of Uruguayan cinema during the 20th century also provides a lens for understanding the political, social, and cultural histories of a country that has struggled to live up to its reputation as South America’s “most democratic” nation.

From Blubber and Baleen to Buddha of the Deep: The Rise of the Metaphysical Whale

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Zelko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Theme Parks ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Western Democracies

Abstract Human attitudes to various nonhuman animals have varied considerably across cultures and throughout time. While some of our responses are undoubtedly instinctive and universal—a visceral fear of large carnivores or the feeling of spontaneous warmth for creatures exhibiting high degrees of neoteny—it is clear that our attitude toward specific species is largely shaped by our innate anthropomorphism: that is, when we think about animals, we are also thinking about ourselves. There are few better examples of this than the shifting attitudes toward whales and dolphins throughout the 20th century, particularly among citizens of Western democracies. This article narrates the cultural history of this development and demonstrates how the current enchantment with whales and dolphins is primarily the result of two broad—and related—cultural developments: the modern entertainment complex, particularly cinema, television, and aquatic theme parks; and the 1960s counterculture, with its potent blend of holistic ecology, speculative neuroscience, and mysticism. The result was the creation of what we might think of as the “metaphysical whale,” a creature who has inspired the abolitionist stance toward whaling.

scholarly journals Urban Narratives in the Age of Revolutions: Early 20th century Ideas to Modernize Warsaw

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-147
Author(s):  
Barbara Arciszewska ◽  
Makary Górzyński
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The Russian Empire

In January 1906, in the turbulent period of 1905–1907, the poet, artist, and socialactivist Antoni Lange published in the Warsaw weekly Świat an essay called“Marzenia warszawskie” (“The Warsaw Dreams”). A several page text, illustratedwith woodcuts by the painter Andrzej Zarzycki, included a spectacular vision of metropolitanWarsaw of the future: a capital city with many public buildings and moderninfrastructure, a genuine center of Polish national and cultural life. The present essayanalyzes unexamined ideas of Lange in terms of the history of architecture, andin a double political and social context. “The Warsaw Dreams” was deeply rooted inthe political reality of the former Kingdom of Poland, addressing the issue of liberalizationof the Russian rule during the 1905 revolution. Using the vocabulary of urbanplanning and making a list of changes in the city’s architecture, Lange articulateda vision of the future space of Warsaw as a Polish metropolis of modernity, administeredindependently of Russia. In his essays he proposed to extend the city limits andremove its fortifications as well as introduce local government with significant prerogativesas an instrument of Warsaw’s great transformation – its aestheticization and construction of public buildings, such as national government edifices, schools,and cultural centers. The authors argue that by describing public architecture of thefuture Warsaw as a “dream” full of copies of well-known European architectural monumentsfrom Venice, Prague, and Cracow, Lange created a comprehensive politicalproject of autonomy of the Kingdom of Poland in the Russian empire. “The WarsawDreams” originally combined together architecture and politics, urban space and theproblems of Polish modernization, and the discourses of nationalism and socialism.Lange’s visionary proposal from 1906 is of the most imaginative responses to thechallenges of the development of Warsaw at the turn of the 20th century in the contextof Polish political and social problems of those times.

scholarly journals Das generische Maskulinum im Deutschen. Ein historischer Spaziergang durch die deutsche Grammatikschreibung von der Renaissance bis zur Postmoderne

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Doleschal
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
German Language ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Original Works ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

The concern of the present article is the evolution of the "generic masculine" in German as it is reflected in the grammars of the German language from the 16th to the 20th centuries. Grammarians recognized the ability of all masculine personal nouns to refer to both sexes only by the beginning of the 20th century and an adequate description is found as late as the 1960s. Formerly, women and men used to be segregated by grammatical description. The history of this process is being explored in detail and illustrated by citations from original works.

scholarly journals History and Recent Advances in Microsurgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyokyung Yoo ◽  
Byung Jun Kim
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Operating Microscope ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Instruments And Techniques ◽  
The 1960S

Since the late 19th century, microsurgery has achieved many miracles in history of surgery. With the development of microsurgical instruments and techniques, especially the first operating microscope invented by Carl Zeiss in 1953, the limitations steadily decreased and finally reached a limitless level of today’s supermicrosurgery. The chronological history of microsurgery can be divided into four periods: the beginning period of the late 19th to early 20th century when the essential microsurgical tools and concepts were established; the successful replantation of amputated extremities in the 1960s; the development of various kinds of flap in the 1980s; and the fully-matured period of today. This article reviews the milestones in the history of microsurgery, evaluates the recent advances, as well as microsurgery in Korea.

Patrimonio del XX secolo: restauro e storia materiale del costruito

TERRITORIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Franz Graf
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Monographic Study ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Material History ◽  
Three Components

With restoration the path taken reverses, to deal firstly with the object and then with the design. In this process, awareness of the material nature of the built assumes great importance because construction often constituted the central theme of design for many protagonists of the 20th Century. The material history of architecture is addressed along three main lines: the history of the materials, the history of the construction site and the history of the construction systems. Every building is conditioned by how these three components overlap. Systematic and thorough representation of these will give rise to a monographic study which describes it precisely. The method leads to identification of the problems presented by a building through scientific analysis and at the same time the method can be used to select, clearly interpret and identify the elements that one has decided to conserve, highlight or complete.

Model Operations: Morphogenesis and the Design Process

2021 ◽  
pp. 602-626
Author(s):  
Carolin Höfler
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Generative Algorithms ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Structural Architecture ◽  
Architecture And Design

Abstract Since the emergence of digital design techniques in combination with so-called responsive materials, the concept of organic forms in architecture seems to be gaining a new quality. The resemblance to an organism should no longer apply only superficially but be inscribed in the materiality as well as in the history of origin and functioning. This article addresses these new transformative effects between architecture and biology. They are presented primarily in relation to the structural architecture of the 1960s and the computational architectural systems since the 1990s. One focus of architecture is on dynamic forms that adapt themselves to their environment by means of flexible materials and generative algorithms. Here, architecture as technically animated matter no longer involuntarily competes with creative nature but is seen as part of a reciprocal relationship. This reciprocal relationship is specified by recourse to various architectural models. The models’ approaches suggest that organic-looking forms are generated by simulated biological processes. The article examines this claim of the models from the perspective of the history of architecture and design. It shows how, since the mid-twentieth century, a renewal of architectural design practice has been sought by reformulating morphological questions at the intersection of biological and cybernetic discourses.

scholarly journals “Tendencias y guerrillas en la arquitectura española”. Arquitectura y Prensa

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Alberto Ruiz Colmenar
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
General Reader ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Mass Media

<p>Architecture critique has historically used specialised publications as a dissemination channel. These publications, written by and for architects, have been of seminal importance in the creation of architectural culture in Spain. Nevertheless, this type of publication leaves out the non-specialised public, mistakenly considering them alien to these matters. In this case, the mass media has filled this space, carrying out a very important educational role. Its task has not been that of a mere dissemination of contents, but it has also provided a platform for criticism and analysis of some of the main events in Spanish architecture over the course of the 20th Century. In this study we analyse the years preceding and following the Spanish Civil War. A review of the issues that the main papers addressed—ABC and La Vanguardia—allows us to grasp what the general reader perceived during a key period in our history of architecture.</p>

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