Patrimonio del XX secolo: restauro e storia materiale del costruito

TERRITORIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Franz Graf
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Monographic Study ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Material History ◽  
Three Components

With restoration the path taken reverses, to deal firstly with the object and then with the design. In this process, awareness of the material nature of the built assumes great importance because construction often constituted the central theme of design for many protagonists of the 20th Century. The material history of architecture is addressed along three main lines: the history of the materials, the history of the construction site and the history of the construction systems. Every building is conditioned by how these three components overlap. Systematic and thorough representation of these will give rise to a monographic study which describes it precisely. The method leads to identification of the problems presented by a building through scientific analysis and at the same time the method can be used to select, clearly interpret and identify the elements that one has decided to conserve, highlight or complete.

scholarly journals Urban Narratives in the Age of Revolutions: Early 20th century Ideas to Modernize Warsaw

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-147
Author(s):  
Barbara Arciszewska ◽  
Makary Górzyński
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The Russian Empire

In January 1906, in the turbulent period of 1905–1907, the poet, artist, and socialactivist Antoni Lange published in the Warsaw weekly Świat an essay called“Marzenia warszawskie” (“The Warsaw Dreams”). A several page text, illustratedwith woodcuts by the painter Andrzej Zarzycki, included a spectacular vision of metropolitanWarsaw of the future: a capital city with many public buildings and moderninfrastructure, a genuine center of Polish national and cultural life. The present essayanalyzes unexamined ideas of Lange in terms of the history of architecture, andin a double political and social context. “The Warsaw Dreams” was deeply rooted inthe political reality of the former Kingdom of Poland, addressing the issue of liberalizationof the Russian rule during the 1905 revolution. Using the vocabulary of urbanplanning and making a list of changes in the city’s architecture, Lange articulateda vision of the future space of Warsaw as a Polish metropolis of modernity, administeredindependently of Russia. In his essays he proposed to extend the city limits andremove its fortifications as well as introduce local government with significant prerogativesas an instrument of Warsaw’s great transformation – its aestheticization and construction of public buildings, such as national government edifices, schools,and cultural centers. The authors argue that by describing public architecture of thefuture Warsaw as a “dream” full of copies of well-known European architectural monumentsfrom Venice, Prague, and Cracow, Lange created a comprehensive politicalproject of autonomy of the Kingdom of Poland in the Russian empire. “The WarsawDreams” originally combined together architecture and politics, urban space and theproblems of Polish modernization, and the discourses of nationalism and socialism.Lange’s visionary proposal from 1906 is of the most imaginative responses to thechallenges of the development of Warsaw at the turn of the 20th century in the contextof Polish political and social problems of those times.

Rights to the rangelands: European contests of possession in the early 20th century

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Values ◽  
New South ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
The Public ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
History Of

Resolving competition over rights to the resources of Australia's rangelands is an issue of national prominence. In the early 20th century, European competition over the rangelands reflected the idea that the land needed to be used 'productively' for its occupation to be legitimate, and the idea that the rangelands were the 'public estate'. These perspectives about rights to the rangelands expose roots of today's conflicts. A central theme of 19th century Australian history has been conflict between squatters and colonial governments. By the beginning of the 20th century, occupation of the rangelands had been mostly legitimised through leases and licenses. Governments have continued to use leases to influence access and the use of the rangelands. The 20th century saw conflict continue over rights to the rangelands. Closer settlement, an expression of this conflict, sometimes led to land use that was disastrous for the land and those who used it. The career of the pastoralist Sidney Kidman illustrates the conflicts between the landed and landless, and the inseparability of 'productive' and 'legitimate' land use. The beginning of the 20th century also saw growing knowledge about the environmental impacts of rangeland pastoralism. The rights of lessees and governments were widely renegotiated, in the example of New South Wales, in all attempt to make land use better reflect this new knowledge and to protect the 'public estate'. Today, the history of the rangelands is used by different groups to justify perceived rights to its resources — these rights are legitimised culturally as well by the narrower prescriptions of the law. As social values change, different interests in the rangelands need to be accommodated. A better awareness of past ideas about the rights to the rangelands may in a small way help reconcile these interests, if only by reminding us that in the continuing process of adapting to the rangelands, rights have always been contested and negotiated rather than immutable.

scholarly journals “Tendencias y guerrillas en la arquitectura española”. Arquitectura y Prensa

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Alberto Ruiz Colmenar
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
General Reader ◽  
Educational Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Mass Media

<p>Architecture critique has historically used specialised publications as a dissemination channel. These publications, written by and for architects, have been of seminal importance in the creation of architectural culture in Spain. Nevertheless, this type of publication leaves out the non-specialised public, mistakenly considering them alien to these matters. In this case, the mass media has filled this space, carrying out a very important educational role. Its task has not been that of a mere dissemination of contents, but it has also provided a platform for criticism and analysis of some of the main events in Spanish architecture over the course of the 20th Century. In this study we analyse the years preceding and following the Spanish Civil War. A review of the issues that the main papers addressed—ABC and La Vanguardia—allows us to grasp what the general reader perceived during a key period in our history of architecture.</p>

scholarly journals Turning Point at the UNESCO Headquarters. Crossed Influences between Pier Luigi Nervi and Marcel Lajos Breuer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Martin Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Important Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Architectural Language

The history of architecture is closely linked to the evolution and the use of materials. Concrete was the most important material of the 20th century, becoming the medium for a new architecture. Many different architects not only relied on the use of concrete as their main mode of expression but also got involved in the quest for a new architectural language for the so-called new material. Pier Luigi Nervi and Marcel Breuer are not only among the great architects of the last century, but above all, they are masters of concrete, both developing extensive bodies of work based on the use of the material. Nervi and Breuer worked together in a virtuosic piece of architecture, the building for the UNESCO Headquarters in Paris. Built mainly in concrete and inaugurated in 1958, it occupies a relevant place in the history of architecture. This paper wants to highlight how during that process, both architects underwent a radical change in their careers and in relation to the use of concrete, turning this project in a milestone for the history of architecture as a whole. 

Hanseatisch modern

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
Country Houses ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Public Architecture

Using the example of the civic city of Hamburg, the book focuses on the impulses from the privately initiated architecture of modernity. Because in addition to the well-regarded public architecture of the Hanseatic city, key architectures in the 20th century were often due to private impulses. Examples are villas and country houses, but also the new construction of the Hamburg State Opera, a public building that goes back to initiatives by the Hanseatic merchants. In addition to in-depth individual studies, for example on the building of the Hamburg Kunstverein from 1930, it is also about private-sector construction as an expression of a specific Hamburg identity, such as the architect Cäsar Pinnau sketched in the 1960s with the administration building of the shipping company Hamburg Süd that shaped the cityscape. The essays of the volume thus represent test bores for this little-noticed problem in the history of architecture in the 20th century.

THE UPRISING OF JULY 1936 AND INTERNATIONAL GANGSTERISM OF THE FASCIST ITALY

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Ángel Viñas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Know How ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

The origin of the civil war is a central theme in the history of Spain in the 20th century and has given rise to intense debates. In the author's opinion, it was the result of the combination of structural conditions (economic and social underdevelopment, accelerated modernization pro-cess, resistance to it), all necessary, but not sufficient. The latter were determined by two factors: the existence of a conspiracy against the Spanish Republic since its very advent in 1931 and the inability of the republican governments to effectively cut it off in 1936. They did not know how to do so despite all the measures adopted but, at the same time Dessert, they could not either because from the first years of his life his monarchical adversaries had the help of fascist Italy. This was gradually materializing until an agreement was reached in March 1934, well known, but also very disfigured. It was the unequivocal signal that Mussolini was willing to curtail the republican experience in Spain in order to establish fascist influence in the western Mediterranean. The unequivocal signal was given in October 1935, in parallel with the in-vasion of Abyssinia. In June 1936, after victory, he turned again to Spain. His commitment materialized in contracts for the supply of war material, for a short war, on July 1 of the same year. The author has uncovered one of the most disfigured enigmas of the origin of the civil war.

scholarly journals PAVILION ARCHITECTURE – A MODEL OR EPHEMERA? TOWARDS AN ELEMENTARITY OF MEANINGS

space&FORM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (44) ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Marcin Charciarek ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Aesthetic Idea ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture

Undoubtedly, since the beginning of the 20th century, pavilion architecture has become the architect's manifesto and destroys the sense of the history of architecture, which says that architecture is subject to one aesthetic idea, forms and materials.. This paradox of the new, ‘impermanent’ paradigm is based on constant assessment and discussion in pursuit of an answer to the question about what architecture is in the present day. It may seem that some it s every answer to the originality of form, while to others, a pursuit of meanings in the simplest geometries, in the elementarity of the meanings of architectural space.

scholarly journals „Olimpul din Lipcani” – un fenomen literar basarabean

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Miroslava Metleaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
The People ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Official Data

This article analyzes the phenomenon of „Bessarabian Olympus” in the cultural and literary life of Jews not only in Bessarabia, but also in the Romanian and world cultural space. The author tries to explain why Lipcani - a small town, produced such a large group of remarkable people. Eliezer Șteinbarg, Iehuda Șteinberg, Leiser Grinberg, Mihail Kaufman, Yankev Șternberg, Moisei Altman - these are just a few representative names for the respective pleiad of Jewish writers. Even a brief review of the history of Jewish national culture from the Bessarabian region leads to the conclusion that the peak of its development took place in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century. The author discusses the links between social and historical memory as multilateral relations, offering the possibility to make a specific portrait of the era and of the people who represent it. The Bessarabia of that time, of the integration of the foreign-speaking population, contrasts strongly with the official data not only of the Soviet sources, but also with those of different studies published after 2000. It is necessary that the scientific analysis of Jewish literature and culture in the interwar period to be carried out in a form as developed as possible, which would allow the scattering of preconceived ideas about the culture and history of Bessarabia.

Economic Views of L. Trotsky

2004 ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
M. Voeikov ◽  
S. Dzarasov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Russian History ◽  
History Of

The paper written in the light of 125th birth anniversary of L. Trotsky analyzes the life and ideas of one of the most prominent figures in the Russian history of the 20th century. He was one of the leaders of the Russian revolution in its Bolshevik period, worked with V. Lenin and played a significant role in the Civil War. Rejected by the party bureaucracy L. Trotsky led uncompromising struggle against Stalinism, defending his own understanding of the revolutionary ideals. The authors try to explain these events in historical perspective, avoiding biases of both Stalinism and anticommunism.

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