The Phantom of Upgrading in Agricultural Supply Chains

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Social Upgrading

This book addresses the controversies surrounding smallholders’ opportunities for economic and social upgrading by joining global agricultural value chains (AVC). While international organizations encourage small farmers to become part of AVC, critics point out its risks. Unlike previous single case studies, researchers from three continents compared the influence of the characteristics of the crop (coffee, mango, rice), the end markets, and the national political economic contexts on the social and economic conditions for smallholders and agricultural workers. Their findings highlight the importance of collective action by smallholders and of a supportive state for economic and social upgrading. With contributions by Angela Dziedzim Akorsu, Do Quynh Chi; Francis Enu Kwesi, Daniel James Hawkins, Jakir Hossain, Khiddir Iddris, Clesio Marcelino de Jesus, Manish Kumar, Michele Lindner, Mubashir Mehdi, Rosa Maria Vieira Medeiros, Antonio Cesar Ortega, Thales Augusto Medeiros Penha, Bruno Perosa, Sérgio Schneider and Santosh Verma.

Rethinking Value Chains

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Bank ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Backlash

Today, production processes have become fragmented with a range of activities divided among firms and workers across borders. These global value chains are being strongly promoted by international organizations, such as the World Bank and the World Trade Organization, but social and political backlash is mounting in a growing variety of forms. This original volume brings together academics and activists from Europe to think creatively about the social and environmental imbalances of global production and how to reform the current economic system.

Social Upgrading as Market Fantasy: The Limits of Global Value Chain Integration

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Fridell ◽  
Chris Walker
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Global Value Chain ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ideological Fantasy ◽  
Economic Upgrading ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Social Upgrading

Confronted with mixed evidence linking economic upgrading in global value chains to improved social outcomes, proponents have called for a new emphasis on “social upgrading” to promote better employment, gender equality, and poverty reduction. Originally focused on a central role for states, unions, and social movements, the discourse on social upgrading has shifted, emphasizing the benefits of corporate social responsibility and global markets. Drawing on political economic, critical theory, and psychoanalytic paradigms, we explore the politics of this shift and argue that social upgrading is gradually being deployed as a neoliberal market fantasy, designed not to challenge the limits of market integration, but to obscure and deny them. The strength of the social upgrading discourse emerges less from its pretense toward objective, data-driven analysis, than its effectiveness as an ideological fantasy in meeting the contradictory, non-rational desires of experts and non-experts.

scholarly journals Στρατός και κοινωνία στο ύστερο Βυζάντιο: το μεταρρυθμιστικό πρόγραμμα του Γεωργίου Γεμιστού Πλήθωνα

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Eυστρατία ΣΥΓΚΕΛΛΟΥ
Keyword(s):  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Font Size ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
The Social ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Military

<font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'; font-size: 12pt">Army and Society in Late Byzantium: the reform program of George Plethon Gemistos <span> </span></span></strong></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'; font-size: 12pt"><span> </span></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'; font-size: 12pt">In the early 15th century the Byzantine state was surrounded by the Ottomans, whereas the Peloponnese was the last defensive stronghold of the Byzantines in the Greek area. There, the need of defense became a major social issue and provided matter for discussion about the institutional and social function of the army. Plethon’ s proposals for the establishment of local professional army, as formulated in his <span> </span>texts addressed to the emperor Manuel II Palaeologus and the despot Theodore are associated with the social and economic reformation of the region and reflect the general need for the political reorganization of the Byzantine Empire.</span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'; font-size: 12pt">This paper examines Gemistos’ reform program regarding the military and political-economic conditions of the era. The thoughts of the philosopher of Mystras on the Byzantine army, which have occupied scientific research from time to time, re-evaluated in order to emphasize the role of the army in the society of the late Byzantine period. The latter remains as powerful as necessary in the contest of a revived Byzantine state. <span>  </span></span><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman"><span><span> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'; font-size: 12pt"></span></font></font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font>

scholarly journals Ᾱthār Wa Tadā’iyyāt Al-Ghazw Al-‘Iraqi li Dawlat Al-Kuwait 1990 wa Daur Al-Munadhdhamāt Al-Dawliyyah fi Mu’ālajatiha

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-176
Author(s):  
Salama Ali Husein Almesaabi
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The People ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Arab States ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

The invasion of Kuwait in 1990 resulted in many disastrous effects and negative repercussions on the people and State. It reflected on the Iraqi regime and its people as those effects have been extended to all Arab States and the world at large, where those effects and repercussions have taken on many aspects of political, economic and social. The invasion not only had been effected Kuwait but also broadly in the gulf region. This study aims: firstly to study and analyse the political, economic and social implications as the consequences of the Iraqi invasion over Kuwait; secondly, to elucidate and analyse the effects of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on Arab relations; thirdly, to explore on the role of international organizations in addressing the effects of the invasion. The result shows that the invasion has brought to a disastrous schism in the unity of the Arab states and put them left behind in the international stage, and the opening of the area to the Western military presence in the Gulf. The economic loss suffered by the Arab Group reached approximately $1 trillion. The social and psychological effects on society and the individual in Kuwait required long years to be addressed. The international organizations have played a prominent role particularly on recording the file of the prisoners and missing persons, and the compensation is also given to them.DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v2i2.7607

scholarly journals Penanganan Penyelundupan Manusia Di Wilayah Pesisir Provinsi Lampung

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Dwi Wahyu Handayani
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Coastal Lampung is one of the areas visited by immigrant, the asylum seekers, before heading to the destination country. They come from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sudan, and Somalia. Immigrants left their home countries because of conflict and socio-economic conditions. The concept of maritime development must pay attention to the social security aspect of illegal immigrants, and people smuggling. The specific purpose of this study is to get a development model for cooperation in handling human smuggling in the Lampung Coastal Region. This study uses the Lani Kass formula regarding non traditional security threats. From the formula, the researcher will explain the descriptive qualitative method of three aspects, such as vulnerability, the intention of the foreigners’s arrival and state capabilities. The result of this study shows that there is already a model of cooperation for handling people smuggling in Lampung, including to reach the coastal areas. Inter-party cooperation coordinated by the Ministry of Political, Legal and Security Coordination involves up to the regional government. The efforts to handle people smuggling in Lampung was intense around 2008 and faded around 2015. There was a dependency from the part of the regional government on the central government's budget and programs, and cooperation initiated by the central government with international organizations such as IOM, UNHCR and the destination countries of the refugees. The increasing cases have not been responded to by the government with adequate regulation and handling efforts. Indonesia has not signed a refugee convention, also affects the absence of regional regulations regarding people smuggling. Key words: People Smuggling, Vulnerability, Intention, State Capabilities, Local Government

Economic Significance of Social Capital

2011 ◽  
pp. 46-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Polishchuk ◽  
R. Menyashev
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Transmission Channels ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Bonding And Bridging ◽  
The Impact

The paper deals with economics of social capital which is defined as the capacity of society for collective action in pursuit of common good. Particular attention is paid to the interaction between social capital and formal institutions, and the impact of social capital on government efficiency. Structure of social capital and the dichotomy between its bonding and bridging forms are analyzed. Social capital measurement, its economic payoff, and transmission channels between social capital and economic outcomes are discussed. In the concluding section of the paper we summarize the results of our analysis of the role of social capital in economic conditions and welfare of Russian cities.

Successful farmer collective action to integrate food production into value chains

Food Chain ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Herbel ◽  
Nora Ourabah Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Value Chains

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McElvenny
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

This chapter sets the scene for the case studies that follow in the rest of the book by characterising the ‘age of modernism’ and identifying problems relating to language and meaning that arose in this context. Emphasis is laid on the social and political issues that dominated the era, in particular the rapid developments in technology, which inspired both hope and fear, and the international political tensions that led to the two World Wars. The chapter also sketches the approach to historiography taken in the book, interdisciplinary history of ideas.

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