scholarly journals Ground Penetrating Radar: A Useful Tool for Shallow Subsurface Stratigraphy Characterization

10.5772/35865 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Leucci
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Ground Penetrating

scholarly journals Delineating shallow Neogene deformation structures in northeastern Pará State using Ground Penetrating Radar

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilce F. Rossetti
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Brittle Deformation ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Deformation Structures ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Slip Motion

The geological characterization of shallow subsurface Neogene deposits in northeastern Pará State using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) revealed normal and reverse faults, as well as folds, not yet well documented by field studies. The faults are identified mostly by steeply-dipping reflections that sharply cut the nearby reflections causing bed offsets, drags and rollovers. The folds are recognized by reflections that are highly undulating, configuring broad concave and convex-up features that are up to 50 m wide and 80 to 90 ns deep. These deformation structures are mostly developed within deposits of Miocene age, though some of the faults might continue into younger deposits as well. Although the studied GPR sections show several diffractions caused by trees, differential degrees of moisture, and underground artifacts, the structures recorded here can not be explained by any of these ''noises''. The detailed analysis of the GPR sections reveals that they are attributed to bed distortion caused by brittle deformation and folding. The record of faults and folds are not widespread in the Neogene deposits of the Bragantina area. These GPR data are in agreement with structural models, which have proposed a complex evolution including strike-slip motion for this area from the Miocene to present.

WISDOM Antenna Pattern in the presence of Rover and Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf-Stefan Benedix ◽  
Dirk Plettemeier ◽  
Christoph Statz ◽  
Yun Lu ◽  
Ronny Hahnel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Matching ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Near Field ◽  
System Model ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Broadband Antenna ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Ground Penetrating

<p>The WISDOM ground-penetrating radar aboard the 2022 ESA-Roscosmos Rosalind-Franklin ExoMars Rover will probe the shallow subsurface of Oxia Planum using electromagnetic waves. A dual-polarized broadband antenna assembly transmits the WISDOM signal into the Martian subsurface and receives the return signal. This antenna assembly has been extensively tested and characterized w.r.t. the most significant antenna parameters (gain, pattern, matching). However, during the design phase, these parameters were simulated or measured without the environment, i.e., in the absence of other objects like brackets, rover vehicle, or soil. Some measurements of the rover's influence on the WISDOM data were performed during the instrument's integration.</p><p>It was shown that the rover structure and close surroundings in the near-field region of the WISDOM antenna assembly have a significant impact on the WISDOM signal and sounding performance. Hence, it is essential to include the simulations' environment, especially with varying surface and underground.</p><p>With this contribution, we outline the influences of rover and ground on the antenna's pattern and particularly on the footprint. We employ a 3D field solver with a complete system model above different soil types, i.e., subsurface materials with various combinations of permittivity and conductivity.</p>

High-resolution ultra-shallow subsurface imaging by integrating near-surface seismic reflection and ground-penetrating radar data in the depth domain

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Sloan ◽  
Georgios P. Tsoflias ◽  
Don W. Steeples ◽  
Paul D. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Subsurface Imaging ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Ground Penetrating

ESTIMATES OF SOIL WATER CONTENT USING GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR IN FIELD CONDITIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Jorge Luz Mesquita ◽  
José Gouvêa Luiz ◽  
José de Paulo Rocha da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Electromagnetic Methods ◽  
Ground Penetrating

ABSTRACT. Electromagnetic methods play an important role in the study of soil water content, mainly because electromagnetic properties in the shallow subsurface area are primarily controlled by the presence of... RESUMO. Os métodos eletromagnéticos são uma importante ferramenta no estudo da umidade do solo, principalmente porque as propriedades eletromagnéticas da subsuperfície rasa são...

scholarly journals Analysis of the capabilities of low frequency ground penetrating radar for cavities detection in rough terrain conditions: The case of Divača cave, Slovenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Gosar
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Rough Terrain ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Cave Entrance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ground Penetrating

High frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) is usually applied for cavities detection in a shallow subsurface of karst areas to prevent geotechnical hazards. For specific projects, such as tunnel construction, it is important to detect also larger voids at medium depth range. However, dimensions of classical rigid low frequency antennas seriously limit their applicability in a rough terrain with dense vegetation commonly encountered in a karst. In this study recently developed 50 MHz antennas designed in a tube form were tested to detect cave gallery at the depth between 12 m and 60 m. The Divaca cave was selected because of a wide range of depths under the surface, possibility of unknown galleries in the vicinity and a rough terrain surface typical for Slovenian karst. Seven GPR profiles were measured across the main gallery of the cave and additional four profiles NE of the cave entrance where no galleries are known. Different acquisition and processing parameters were analysed together with the data resolution issues. The main gallery of the cave was clearly imaged in the part where the roof of the gallery is located at the depth from 10 m to 30 m. The width of the open space is mainly around 10 m. Applied system was not able to detect the gallery in the part where it is located deeper than 40 m, but several shallower cavities were discovered which were unknown before. The most important result is that the profiles acquired NE of the cave entrance revealed very clearly the existence of an unknown gallery which is located at the depth between 15 m and 22 m and represents the continuation of the Divaca cave. Access to this gallery is blocked by the sediment fill in the entrance shaft of the cave. The results of the study are important also for future infrastructure projects which will involve construction of tunnels through karstified limestone and for speleological investigations to direct the research efforts.Keywords: ground penetrating radar, cavity detection, spatial resolution, limestone, Divača cave.

Effects of magnetite on high-frequency ground-penetrating radar

Geophysics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. H1-H11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remke L. Van Dam ◽  
Jan M. H. Hendrickx ◽  
Nigel J. Cassidy ◽  
Ryan E. North ◽  
Mine Dogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Propagation Behavior ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Reflection Characteristics

Large concentrations of magnetite in sedimentary deposits and soils with igneous parent material have been reported to affect geophysical sensor performance. We have undertaken the first systematic experimental effort to understand the effects of magnetite for ground-penetrating radar (GPR) characterization of the shallow subsurface. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study how homogeneous magnetite-sand mixtures and magnetite concentrated in layers affect the propagation behavior (velocity, attenuation) of high-frequency GPR waves and the reflection characteristics of a buried target. Important observations were that magnetite had a strong effect on signal velocity and reflection, at magnitudes comparable to what has been observed in small-scale laboratory experiments that measured electromagnetic properties of magnetite-silica mixtures. Magnetite also altered signal attenuation and affected the reflection characteristics of buried targets. Our results indicated important implications for several fields, including land mine detection, Martian exploration, engineering, and moisture mapping using satellite remote sensing and radiometers.

A review of ground-penetrating radar studies related to peatland stratigraphy with a case study on the determination of peat thickness in a northern boreal fen in Quebec, Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Proulx-McInnis ◽  
André St-Hilaire ◽  
Alain N. Rousseau ◽  
Sylvain Jutras
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-intrusive geophysical observation method based on propagation and reflection of high-frequency electromagnetic waves in the shallow subsurface. The vertical cross-sectional images obtained allow the identification of thickness and lithologic horizons of different media, without destruction. Over the last decade, several studies have demonstrated the potential of GPR. This paper presents a review of recent GPR applications to peatlands, particularly to determine peat stratigraphy. An example study of acquisition and comparison of peatland soil thickness of a fen-dominated watershed located in the James Bay region of Quebec, using (1) a meter stick linked to a GPS RTK and (2) a GSSI GPR, is given. A coefficient of determination ( r2) of 56% was obtained between the ordinary krigings performed on data gathered using both techniques. Disparities occurred mainly in the vicinity of ponds which can be explained by the attenuation of GPR signal in open water. Despite these difficulties – the higher time required for analysis and the error margin – it seems more appropriate to use a GPR, instead of a graduated rod linked to a GPS, to measure the peat depths on a site like the one presented in this study. Manual measurements, which are user-dependent in the context of variable mineral substrate densities and with the presence of obstacles in the substrate, may be more subjective.

scholarly journals Detecting Buried Human Bodies Using Ground-Penetrating Radar

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widodo Widodo ◽  
Iqbal F. Aditama ◽  
Khalid Syaifullah ◽  
Muthi’a J. Mahya ◽  
M. Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Being located at the dense tectonic activity area, Indonesia has to cope with the constant risk of earthquakes. High frequency of earthquakes occurrence causes the crust instability and leads into another natural disaster such as landslides. Sometimes, the landslide avalanches are covering the high populated area destroying buildings and causing victims. Unfortunately, the treatment for the affected building and landslide victims searching are still using conventional methods. The purpose of this study is to detect buried human bodies using GPR method, so it can increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of disaster victims searching under the landslide avalanche. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the geophysical methods that can be used to study shallow subsurface of the earth. GPR has been successfully used to locate grave and forensic evidence. However, more controlled research is needed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of disaster victim detection that buried under landslides or earthquake avalanche. A detailed GPR survey was conducted in the Cikutra graveyard, Bandung, with corpses buried one week until two months before the survey. The radar profiles from this survey showed the clear amplitude contrast anomalies, emanated from the corpses. The strongest amplitude contrasts are observed at most recent grave compared to the older grave. We obtained the amplitude contrast at around 1.2 meters depth which is consistent with the depth of the buried corpses. In addition, the results of forward modeling of homogenous subsurface and corpses in subsurface will be presented.

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