scholarly journals Use of RNA Domains in the Viral Genome as Innate Immunity Inducers for Antiviral Strategies and Vaccine Improvement

10.5772/56099 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel R. Rodrguez Pulido ◽  
Francisco Sobrino ◽  
Beln Borrego ◽  
Margarita Siz
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Rna Domains

scholarly journals Distinct Inductions of and Responses to Type I and Type III Interferons Promote Infections in Two SARS-CoV-2 Isolates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Hsin ◽  
Tai-Ling Chao ◽  
Yun-Rui Chan ◽  
Han-Chieh Kao ◽  
Wang-Da Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Type I ◽  
Antiviral Signaling ◽  
Neutralization Index ◽  
Antiviral Innate Immunity

AbstractThe recent emerging coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has been rapidly and widely spread and causing an ongoing viral pneumonia outbreak worldwide. It has been observed that SARS-CoV-2 patients show a rather long and asymptomatic incubation time. We characterized the abilities to induce and to response to IFNβ/IFNλ1 of two or our clinical isolates, SARS-CoV-2/NTU01/TWN/human/2020 and SARS-CoV-2/NTU02/TWN/human/2020, which exhibit only two amino acid differences over the ∼30kb viral genome. We found that both isolates may infect Huh7, A549 and Calu-3 cells, yet the RIG-I-like receptor-dependent antiviral signaling was poorly induced in these cells in the early infections. Unexpectedly, we found that the intracellular vRNA levels of these isolates were sustained upon to type I/III IFN treatments, and this phenotype was more pronounced in the Taiwan/NTU01/2020 isolate. The type I/III IFN responses are antiviral but partially proviral in the case of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Poor induction and response to innate immunity may contribute to destitute neutralization index of the antibody produced, and indeed we found that the patient serum could not efficiently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virions. With better understandings of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the host antiviral innate immunity, our report may provide new insights for the regimen of therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

An Electron Microscopic Study of an Avian Reovirus that Causes Arthritis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
E, R. Walker ◽  
N. O. Olson ◽  
M. H. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Avian Reovirus ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Outer Coat ◽  
Acid Type ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Icosahedral Particle ◽  
Mature Virus

An unidentified virus, responsible for an arthritic-like condition in chickens was studied by electron microscopy and other methods of viral investigation. It was characterized in chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) lesions of embryonating chicken eggs and in tissue culture as to: 1) particle size; 2) structure; 3) mode of replication in the cell; and 4) nucleic acid type.The inoculated virus, coated and uncoated, is first seen in lysosomal-like inclusions near the nucleus; the virions appear to be uncoated in these electron dense inclusions (Figure 1), Although transfer of the viral genome from these inclusions is not observable, replicating virus and mature virus crystals are seen in the cytoplasm subsequent to the uncoating of the virions.The crystals are formed in association with a mass of fibrils 50 to 80 angstroms in diameter and a ribosome-studded structure that appears to be granular endoplasmic reticulum adapted to virus replication (Figure 2). The mature virion (Figure 3) is an icosahedral particle approximately 75 millimicrons in diameter. The inner core is 45 millimicrons, the outer coat 15 millimicrons, and the virion has no envelope.

Effect of Long-term Oral Administration of an Immunostimulant Diet on Innate Immunity in Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 745-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bagni ◽  
L. Archetti ◽  
M. Amadori ◽  
G. Marino
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass

DNA Makes RNA Makes Innate Immunity

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (33) ◽  
pp. 428-430
Author(s):  
Luke A.J. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity

Alpha-Amylase/Trypsin Inhibitors, novel activators of innate immunity in ex-vivo tissue explants

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Zevallos ◽  
P Olinga ◽  
Y Junker ◽  
PB Tung ◽  
N Volz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Tissue Explants ◽  
Ex Vivo Tissue

Hippo signaling counter regulates early innate immunity in hepatocytes exposed to Hepatitis B virus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Luo ◽  
M Lu ◽  
HA Baba ◽  
G Gerken ◽  
H Wedemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
B Virus

Polysaccharides from Plantaginaceae and Brassicaceae: effects on innate immunity

Planta Medica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Miron ◽  
CE Lupusoru ◽  
M Pavelescu ◽  
M Hancianu ◽  
U Stanescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity
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