scholarly journals Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pediatrics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Coronel-Martínez ◽  
Luis Augusto Moya-Barquín
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Parental Acceptance ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Poor Access

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) disproportionately affect young people, with more than half of the infections occurring in 15- to 25-year-olds, although as an age group they constitute only 25% of the sexually active population. Adolescents have been considered as a key and vulnerable population; adolescents are considered as marginalized populations (i.e., poor access to adequate health services, social and parental acceptance, stigmatization, among others. Every year, 87 million new cases of gonorrhea are reported worldwide in the population from 15 to 49 years old. In 2016, the estimated global prevalence of CT in 15-to 49-year-old women was 3.8% and in men 2.7%, with regional values ranging from 1.5 to 7.0% in women and 1.2 to 4.0% in men. The worldwide prevalence of HSV-2 among 15–49-year old is 11.3% and for HSV-1 among 0–49-year-old is 67%. These numbers alert us about the increase in the frequency of these diseases among young populations; more open sexual behavior could be an important factor for this increase; the treatment of these diseases is challenging due to the difficulties with detection and treatment; in the case of gonorrhea, it could become a major public health problem due to the emerging antimicrobial resistance; in the case of Chlamydia, despite the effective treatment, reinfection is still a possibility and for genital herpes, the disease can be controlled but not cured. This chapter will describe the most important aspects of these three diseases for supporting the clinicians and researchers about the management of sexually transmitted diseases in the adolescent population.

AWARENESS OF STD AND HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOUR: A COMMUNITY BASED STUDY IN THE URBAN SLUMS OF JORHAT DISTRICT, ASSAM

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-74
Author(s):  
Anoop Dev ◽  
Naba Jyoti Saikia ◽  
Debarshi Paul
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact, caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. STDs are becoming a major public health problem in India. The objective of this paper is to determine the prevalence of awareness of STD among the youth age group of 15-24 years old residing in the urban slum of Jorhat town. The study shows that in the age group 15-19 years, 62% individuals were not aware about STDs while about 52% were not aware in the age group 20-24 years. The present study reveals that only about 61% individuals opined that STDs are transmissible and only 42% say that STD is preventable. It is concluded from the study that majority of the individuals in the study group are unaware about STD's.

scholarly journals Serious non-fatal unintentional injuries among in-school adolescents in Sri Lanka: results from the 2016 Sri Lankan Global School-Based Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sashimali Wickramasinghe ◽  
Nalika Gunawardena ◽  
Dhanusha Punyadasa ◽  
Shanthi Gunawardena ◽  
Champika Wickramasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
School Based ◽  
The World

Abstract Background Unintentional injuries among adolescents is a major public health problem the world over. A great majority of the annual deaths among adolescents is due to unintentional injuries; it is also the leading cause of death among adolescents in the world. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of injuries and their associated factors among school going adolescents aged 13-17 years using data from the most recent Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in Sri Lanka. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, among 3,262 adolescents attending government schools. The sample was selected through a two-staged cluster sampling technique. In the first stage, 40 schools were selected using probabilities proportional to school enrollment size, from all schools in the country that have classes in grades 8-12 . Then, from the selected schools, classes were selected using systematic equal probability sampling with a random start. The weighted prevalence was calculated, and logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to determine the correlates. Results During the 12 months before the survey, 35.8% (95% CI-30.7 - 41.1) of the students reported being seriously injured one or more times. The injuries were more common among males, but were equally common among the two different age groups (13-15 age group vs 16-17 age group). The most common type of injury was cut or stab wounds (5.5%), followed by broken bones/dislocated joints (5.3%). Multivariable analysis revealed that only a few factors were associated with injury, such as being of the male sex, being bullied, being physically attacked, and/or being in a physical fight. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the prevalence of serious unintentional injuries among school going adolescents is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka. This timely and comprehensive survey would help policy makers and researchers identify the unmet needs related to adolescent injuries. Furthermore, evidence generated form the study should be given due consideration when designing school-based interventions to prevent adolescent injuries.

The Epidemiology of Māori Suicide in Aotearoa/New Zealand

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Coupe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand

AbstractSuicide is a Māori Public Health Issue. Suicide rates in Aotearoa/New Zealand are amongst the highest in OECD countries in the 15-24 year age group and second only to Hungary in other age groups (WHO, 1996; Disley & Coggan, 1996). Suicide is the leading cause of death for young people under the age of 25 years in Aotearoa/New Zealand and a major public health problem (Coggan, 1997). Approximatel, 540 New Zealanders kill themselves each year (Rose, Hatcher, & Koelmeyer, 1999). The total Māori suicide rate (per 100 000) increased to 17.5 in 1997, compared to non-Māori (13.1), and the Māori youth suicide rate (33.9) far exceeded the equivalent non-Māori rate (24.3), reflecting the disparity between Māori and non-Māori (Ministry of Health, 1997). This paper aims to present epidemiological data on Māori suicide and then use the existing literature to discuss possible reasons for the high Māori rate.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted infections, their treatment and urban change in colonial Leopoldville, 1910–1960

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-196
Author(s):  
João Dinis Sousa ◽  
Philip J. Havik ◽  
Anne-Mieke Vandamme
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Short Period

AbstractDuring the colonial period sexually transmitted infections (STIs) came to be recognised as a major public health problem in African cities. Thus, STI control and urban modernisation became deeply entangled as authorities redrew spatial and social boundaries to manage populations and their cross-cultural interaction. Public health measures, urban planning and policing were part of a coordinated effort to neutralise the potential impact of rapidly growing African urban migration on the Belgian Congo’s ‘model’ capital Leopoldville. While STI control was facilitated by new drugs (arsenicals, sulfonamides and antibiotics) to treat syphilis, chancroid, gonorrhoea and chlamydia (bacterial STIs), the effects of the 1929 economic crisis and urban social change illustrated the limits of colonial authority. Redesigning urban spaces and repressive measures to curb polygyny and prostitution operated in a parallel fashion with the expansion of health coverage, new treatments and awareness campaigns. To gain a better understanding of the evolution of STI incidence among African urban populations during the colonial period between 1910 and 1960, extensive archival records and secondary literature were consulted to assess the interplay between improved screening, diagnostic and therapeutic methods with demographic and social change. They show that STI rates, probably peaked during the pre-1929 period and apart from a short period in the early 1930s associated with mass screening, declined until becoming residual in the 1950s. Reflecting upon sanitary interventions and their broader dimensions, the article analyses the evolution of treatment regimes and their impact in the changing urban organisation and environment of the colony’s capital.

Policy brief on improving access to artemisinin-based combination therapies for malaria in Burkina Faso

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bocar Kouyaté ◽  
Victor Nana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
Children Under 5

Malaria is a major public health problem in Burkina Faso. Statistics from health facilities in 2006 show that 40.1 percent of medical consultations, 53.4 percent of hospital admissions, and 45.8 percent of deaths are malaria related (2). Malaria among children under 5 years of age accounted for 46 percent of all cases in 2004, 49 percent in 2005 and 48 percent in 2006. In the same age group, malaria was the cause of 66.4 percent of deaths in 2004, 62.0 percent in 2005 and 62.7 percent in 2006.

scholarly journals Serious non-fatal unintentional injuries among in-school adolescents in Sri Lanka: results from the 2016 Sri Lankan Global School-Based Health Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sashimali Wickramasinghe ◽  
Nalika Gunawardena ◽  
Dhanusha Punyadasa ◽  
Shanthi Gunawardena ◽  
Champika Wickramasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
School Based

Abstract BackgroundUnintentional injuries among adolescents is a major public health problem world over. A great majority of the annual deaths among adolescents is due to unintentional injuries; being the leading cause of death among them throughout the world. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of injuries and their associated factors among school going adolescents aged 13-17 years using the data of the most recent Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in Sri Lanka.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted, using a self-administered questionnaire, among 3,262 adolescents attending government schools. The sample was selected through a two-staged cluster sampling technique. In the first stage, 40 schools were selected, using probability proportional to school enrollment size, out of all schools that have 8-12 grades in the country. Then, from the selected schools, classes were selected using systematic equal probability sampling with a random start. Weighted prevalence was calculated, and logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to determine the correlates.ResultsDuring the 12 months before the survey, 35.8% (95% CI-30.7 - 41.1) of the students reported being seriously injured once or more times. The injuries were more common among males, but were equally common among different age groups (13-15 age group vs 16-17 age group). The most common type of injury was cut or stab wound (5.5%), followed by broken bone/dislocated joint (5.3%). Multivariable analysis revealed that only a few factors were associated with injury, such as male sex, being bullied, being physically attacked, and/or being in a physical fight.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the prevalence of serious unintentional injuries among school going adolescents is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka. This timely and comprehensive survey would help the policy makers and researchers identify the unmet needs related to adolescent injuries. Furthermore, evidence generated form the study should be given due consideration while designing school-based interventions in order to prevent adolescent injuries.

scholarly journals Efficacy of zinc therapy in acute diarrhea in children

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2228
Author(s):  
Suman Chirla ◽  
Satish Datla
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay

Background: Diarrhoea is a major public health problem in developing countries. An estimate of 1.5 billion episodes of diarrhoea occurs each year and 3 million children under the age of 5 years die due to diarrhoea. Its effect is particularly devastating on children below 2 years of age, with eighty percent (80%) of deaths due to diarrhoea occurring during the first 2 years of life. Diarrhoeal diseases constitute 18% of under five deaths in Asia-Pacific countries.Methods: The present study was carried out in Anil Neerukonda hospital, Visakhapatnam from July’2015 to July’2017 over a period of 2 years. A detailed clinical study of 100 children between the age group of 6 months to 5 years with acute diorrhea was done. Zinc was given to 50% of cases and was not given to the rest of 50%. Duration of hospital stay (in days) and duration of diarrhoeal episodes (in days) were compared in both the groups.Results: Incidence of acute gastroenteritis was maximum below 2 years of age (77%). Patients administered with Zinc had significantly less duration of hospital stay 3.35 days vs. 5.34 days (in patients who were not administered zinc) with t=8.170 and a strongly significant p<0.001.Conclusions: Incidence of acute gastroenteritis is maximum below 2 years of age. Patients in zinc group had significantly less duration of hospital stay and less proportion diarrhoeal episodes on follow up compared to the non-zinc group.

scholarly journals Anaemia among Kenyan children: a call for improved monitoring and intervention in school-aged children

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 627-631
Author(s):  
Emelda A Okiro ◽  
Noel K Joseph ◽  
Caroline W Gitonga ◽  
Robert W Snow
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
Moderate Anaemia

Abstract Background Anaemia has long been recognised as a major public health problem among young children in lower- and middle-income countries and is an indicator of both poor nutrition and health status. There has been little progress towards improvement of anaemia in part due to its complex aetiology. An added impediment to the progress is that the monitoring of anaemia does not routinely target the whole population, with school-aged children (SAC) largely overlooked. Methods We re-examined data on the prevalence of anaemia among children aged &lt;15 y sampled from 2008–2015 in Kenya. Results Approximately one in four Kenyan children aged &lt;15 y were described as anaemic, including 12% with WHO-defined moderate anaemia and 1% who were severely anaemic. Average haemoglobin concentrations increased with age and the risk of having anaemia decreased with age. However, one in five SAC in Kenya were suffering from anaemia; most were either mild (11.4%) or moderately (10.9%) anaemic. Conclusions The monitoring of anaemia in SAC continues to be a neglected area limiting a careful articulation of the need to target interventions in this age group.

scholarly journals Serious non-fatal unintentional injuries among in-school adolescents in Sri Lanka: results from the 2016 Sri Lankan global school-based health survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sashimali Wickramasinghe ◽  
Nalika Sepali Gunawardena ◽  
Dhanusha Punyadasa ◽  
Shanthi Gunawardena ◽  
Champika Wickramasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
School Based ◽  
The World

Abstract Background Unintentional injuries among adolescents is a major public health problem the world over. A great majority of the annual deaths among adolescents is due to unintentional injuries; it is also the leading cause of death among adolescents in the world. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of injuries and their associated factors among school going adolescents aged 13–17 years using data from the most recent Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in Sri Lanka. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, among 3262 adolescents attending government schools. The sample was selected through a two-staged cluster sampling technique. In the first stage, 40 schools were selected using probabilities proportional to school enrollment size, from all schools in the country that have classes in grades 8–12. Then, from the selected schools, classes were selected using systematic equal probability sampling with a random start. The weighted prevalence was calculated, and logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to determine the correlates. Results During the 12 months before the survey, 35.8% (95% CI-30.7 - 41.1) of the students reported being seriously injured one or more times. The injuries were more common among males, but were equally common among the two different age groups (13–15 age group vs 16–17 age group). The most common type of injury was cut or stab wounds (5.5%), followed by broken bones/dislocated joints (5.3%). Multivariable analysis revealed that only a few factors were associated with injury, such as being of the male sex, being bullied, being physically attacked, and/or being in a physical fight. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the prevalence of serious unintentional injuries among school going adolescents is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka. This timely and comprehensive survey would help policy makers and researchers identify the unmet needs related to adolescent injuries. Furthermore, evidence generated form the study should be given due consideration when designing school-based interventions to prevent adolescent injuries.

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