scholarly journals Impacts of Nitrogen Fertilization and Conservation Tillage on the Agricultural Soils of the United States: A Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meimei Lin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
The United States

The Impact of Energy on the Adoption of Conservation Tillage in the United States

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-568
Author(s):  
Noel D. Uri
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Instability ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Price ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The impact of energy on the adoption of conservation tillage is of special importance in addressing concerns about the effect of agricultural production on the environment in the United States. It is the subject of this paper. After establishing that a relationship exists between the price of energy and the adoption of conservation tillage via cointegration techniques, the relationship is quantified. It is shown that while the real price of crude oil, the proxy used for the price of energy, does not affect the rate of adoption of conservation tillage, it does impact the extent to which it is used. Finally, there is no structural instability in the relationship between the relative use of conservation tillage and the real price of crude oil over the period 1963 to 1997.

Cadmium, Lead, Zinc, Copper, and Nickel in Agricultural Soils of the United States of America

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G.S. Holmgren ◽  
M.W. Meyer ◽  
R.L. Chaney ◽  
R.B. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Cadmium Lead

scholarly journals The intersection of integrated pest management and soil quality in the resistant weed era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey V. Gamble ◽  
Andrew J. Price
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Herbicide Resistant

Agricultural producers and scientists have long recognized both beneficial and detrimental aspects of soil tillage. With the development and adoption of herbicide-resistant crops, particularly glyphosate-resistant crops, herbicides such as glyphosate replaced the need for tillage either before or after crop planting. Thus, tillage has become less important for weed management and has been a primary enabler for the success of the majority of conservation production systems. Currently, herbicide-resistant and troublesome weeds are continually challenging agricultural decisions throughout the world. Conservation tillage hectarage are at constant risk of being converted to higher-intensity tillage systems due to lack of weed control. The shift to higher-intensity tillage facilitates burial of weed seed through use of inversion tillage and/or use of surface tillage to facilitate preplant incorporated and preemergence herbicides for control of herbicide resistant or troublesome weeds, especially in non-irrigated production. For example, Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) has become the dominant weed problem in United States row crop production because of evolved resistance to glyphosate. Inversion tillage was clearly demonstrated to be an effective tool in helping the management of this weed. However, there is no question that most tillage operations promote soil loss, adversely affect (lower) surface water quality, and negatively impact soil productivity. Depending on the severity of the herbicide-resistant or troublesome weed infestation, multiple strategies involving integration of cultural as well as chemical weed control will be needed to overcome the need for tillage. Utilizing high biomass conservation tillage systems, such as those used extensively in South America and introduced to the United States, can help reduce the emergence of weeds by suppressing weed germination and growth. When the winter cover crop is planted early and managed for maximum growth, a dense mat is formed on the soil surface. Because weed emergence and growth are suppressed by the physical barrier and shading provided by the residue, more residue results in increased weed control. Conservation tillage systems that minimize soil disturbance (direct seeding or minimum tillage) can further reduce weed seed germination. In addition, allelopathy plays a role in weed suppression, but quantifying allelopathic effects in applied research is rarely accomplished. Creative research programs have been developed that meet conservation compliance requirements and at the same time judiciously use tillage as an element for management of resistant or troublesome species. Similar programs are needed to help manage other herbicide resistant or troublesome weed species in other regions and cropping systems. Further research is critically needed in instances when few or no other options are available to ensure the economic viability of farming operations while addressing long-term soil quality concerns.

Control of Johnsongrass Ecotypes

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Better Than

Field experiments were conducted to study the effectiveness of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (dalapon) for the control of 55 morphologically distinct ecotypes of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.) collected throughout the United States and from several foreign countries. Ecotypes varied widely in their response to dalapon whether collected from Mississippi, from 10 other states, or from eight foreign countries. Initial control of seven ecotypes with dalapon increased 8 to 35% when nitrogen fertilization was increased from 0 to 300 lb/A. Regrowth of surviving plants was more vigorous with increased nitrogen levels so increased fertility reduced final control. Comparative differences in the susceptibility of the seven selected ecotypes to monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) were not as great as those obtained with dalapon. Varying the rate of nitrogen fertilization had less effect on johnsongrass susceptibility to MSMA than to dalapon. Dalapon controlled sorghum almum (Sorghum almumParodi) better than johnsongrass.

scholarly journals Limitations and Possibilities for Some Conservation Tillage Systems with Vegetable Crops in the Southern Plains of the United States

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Roberts ◽  
James Shrefler ◽  
James Duthie ◽  
Jonathan Edelson ◽  
Bob Cartwright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Southern Plains

We conducted several experiments to determine the best system for production of spring cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) with conservation tillage (CT) in the southern plains of the United States. Rye (Secale cereale L.) was selected as the best cover crop to cover the soil in a short time. Raised beds were formed in the fall and planted with rye. With most studies, the rye was allowed to remain on the soil surface rather than being tilled into the soil. Planting densities, rates of nitrogen fertilizer, and herbicide materials were evaluated to determine the best system for cabbage production. In each study, various cover crop practices were compared with bare soil production systems. Soil erosion was reduced by the use of rye cover crops. Cabbage was produced in the CT system, but cabbage yields were higher in bare soil plots than in the rye-covered plots. We are also in the process of developing a system of CT that involves permanent bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pastures and watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai]. This system allows both crops to be grown simultaneously on the same land.

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