Control of Johnsongrass Ecotypes

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Better Than

Field experiments were conducted to study the effectiveness of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid (dalapon) for the control of 55 morphologically distinct ecotypes of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.) collected throughout the United States and from several foreign countries. Ecotypes varied widely in their response to dalapon whether collected from Mississippi, from 10 other states, or from eight foreign countries. Initial control of seven ecotypes with dalapon increased 8 to 35% when nitrogen fertilization was increased from 0 to 300 lb/A. Regrowth of surviving plants was more vigorous with increased nitrogen levels so increased fertility reduced final control. Comparative differences in the susceptibility of the seven selected ecotypes to monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) were not as great as those obtained with dalapon. Varying the rate of nitrogen fertilization had less effect on johnsongrass susceptibility to MSMA than to dalapon. Dalapon controlled sorghum almum (Sorghum almumParodi) better than johnsongrass.

Growth and Development of Johnsongrass Ecotypes

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Culm Density

Studies were conducted on the growth and development of 55 morphologically distinct vegetative types of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.) collected throughout the United States and from several foreign countries. Observations were made also on the growth of sorghum almum (Sorghum almumParodi) from three foreign countries. Mature leaf-blades of the different johnsongrass ecotypes varied in length from 31 to 59 cm and in width from 1.7 to 3.4 cm. Plant height and culm density varied 2 to 4-fold for the different ecotypes. Floret production varied from 87 to 352 sessile spikelets for representative panicles of the different ecotypes. The number and arrangement of branchlets within panicles also varied as did the size of various spikelet components. Sorghum almum produced much taller plants than did johnsongrass although culm density and lateral growth were less than that of johnsongrass.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОДГОТОВКИ КАДРОВ ДЛЯ ПЕНИТЕНЦИАРНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ В США

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Unterov ◽  
Elizaveta Eremeeva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Training System ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Prison Systems ◽  
Correction System

Статья посвящена изучению зарубежного опыта подготовки кадров для пенитенциарных систем. Его анализ и рассмотрение возможности внедрения отдельных элементов направлены на совершенствование системы подготовки сотрудников для уголовно-исполнительной системы России, повышение их профессионального уровня, что в конечном счете будет способствовать достижению главной цели УИС - исправлению осужденных. Авторы особое внимание уделяют изучению специально-профессиональных и личностных качеств, необходимых сотрудникам пенитенциарных учреждений. В статье рассматриваются особенности подготовки сотрудников пенитенциарной системы в Соединенных Штатах Америки. Важнейшей задачей образовательных учреждений и центров по подготовке кадров для пенитенциарной системы США является обеспечение будущих сотрудников знаниями, необходимыми для выполнения профессиональных обязанностей в рамках предстоящей деятельности. Также авторы подчеркивают важность развития при подготовке будущих сотрудников не только профессиональных, но и личностных качеств.The article is devoted to the study of foreign experience in order to improve the training system for the Russian penal correction system. In particular, the training of prison officials in the United States of America is considered as one of the most developed States in the modern world. The improvement of the training process for the Russian penal correction system implies the development of international cooperation with the prison systems of foreign countries. The study of foreign experience of penitentiary education contributes to the improvement of the professional level of the staff of the Penal Correction Service and, ultimately, to the achievement of the main goal - correction of convicts. The authors pay particular attention to the study of specific professional and personal qualities required by potential prison staff. Since there have been significant positive changes in the formation of professional qualities of the future employee of the Russian penal correction system over the past decade, the main focus of the work is on the formation of personal (universal) qualities of the employee of the Federal Penal Correction Service of the Russian Federation, for which the positive experience of the United States is analyzed.

scholarly journals Interaction of dicamba, fluthiacet-methyl, and glyphosate for control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theopharsti) in dicamba/glyphosate-resistant soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Jose H. S. de Sanctis ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Biomass Reduction

Abstract Velvetleaf is an economically important weed in agronomic crops in Nebraska and the United States. Dicamba applied alone usually does not provide complete velvetleaf control, particularly when velvetleaf is greater than 15 cm tall. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the interaction of dicamba, fluthiacet-methyl, and glyphosate applied alone or in a mixture in two- or three-way combinations for velvetleaf control in dicamba/glyphosate-resistant (DGR) soybean and to evaluate whether velvetleaf height (≤ 12 cm or ≤ 20 cm) at the time of herbicide application influences herbicide efficacy, velvetleaf density, biomass, and soybean yield. Field experiments were conducted near Clay Center, Nebraska in 2019 and 2020. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot with velvetleaf height (≤ 12 cm or ≤ 20 cm) as the main plot treatment and herbicides as sub-plot treatment. Fluthiacet provided ≥ 94% velvetleaf control 28 d after treatment (DAT) and ≥ 96% biomass reduction regardless of application rate or velvetleaf height. Velvetleaf control was 31% to 74% at 28 DAT when dicamba or glyphosate was applied alone to velvetleaf ≤ 20 cm tall compared with 47% to 100% control applied to ≤ 12 cm tall plants. Dicamba applied alone to ≤ 20 cm tall velvetleaf provided < 75% control and < 87% biomass reduction 28 DAT compared with ≥ 90% control with dicamba at 560 g ae ha−1 + fluthiacet at 7.2 g ai ha−1 or glyphosate at 1,260 g ae ha−1. Dicmaba at 280 g ae ha−1 + glyphosate at 630 g ae ha−1 applied to ≤ 20 cm tall velvetleaf resulted in 86% control 28 DAT compared with the expected 99% control. The interaction of dicamba + fluthiacet + glyphosate was additive for velvetleaf control and biomass reduction regardless of application rate and velvetleaf height.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Relative Fossil Energy Carrying Capacity in China and the United States

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2972
Author(s):  
Zhili Zuo ◽  
Jinhua Cheng ◽  
Haixiang Guo ◽  
Yonglin Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reference Area ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Population And Environment ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Innovative Concept

Based on resource carrying capacity, this study used the revised theory of relative resource carrying capacity (RRCC) and introduced an innovative concept of relative fossil energy carrying capacity (RFECC), which evaluates the degree of fossil energy sustainability based on the relationship between economy, population, and environment. This study took China and the United States as the study objects, took the whole country as the reference area, and calculated the RFECC of population, economic, and environmental resources from 2000 to 2018. Therefore, based on the comparative analysis, the following conclusions were drawn: (i) there is a big difference in the RFECC between China and the United States, which is manifested in the inverted U-shaped trend in China and the U-shaped trend in the United States; (ii) the relative fossil energy carrying states in China and the United States are different, mainly reflected in the economy and environment; (iii) the gap in RFECC between China and the United States has gradually widened; in general, China’s economic RFECC is better than that of the United States, while environmental RFECC and population RFECC in the United States is better than that of China; and (iv) coal and oil should be used as a breakthrough point for the sustainable fossil energy and sustainable development for China and the United States, respectively.

scholarly journals Field Evaluations of Leaf Spot Resistance and Yield in Peanut Genotypes in the United States and Bolivia

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Gremillion ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
B. G. Mullinix ◽  
R. N. Pittman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Progress Curve

Field experiments were conducted in 2002 to 2006 to characterize yield potential and disease resistance in the Bolivian landrace peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cv. Bayo Grande, and breeding lines developed from crosses of Bayo Grande and U.S. cv. Florida MDR-98. Diseases of interest included early leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola, and late leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercosporidium personatum. Bayo Grande, MDR-98, and three breeding lines, along with U.S. cvs. C-99R and Georgia Green, were included in split-plot field experiments in six locations across the United States and Bolivia. Whole-plot treatments consisted of two tebuconazole applications and a nontreated control. Genotypes were the subplot treatments. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for percent defoliation due to leaf spot was lower for Bayo Grande and all breeding lines than for Georgia Green at all U.S. locations across years. AUDPC for disease incidence from one U.S. location indicated similar results. Severity of leaf spot epidemics and relative effects of the genotypes were less consistent in the Bolivian experiments. In Bolivia, there were no indications of greater levels of disease resistance in any of the breeding lines than in Bayo Grande. In the United States, yields of Bayo Grande and the breeding lines were greater than those of the other genotypes in 1 of 2 years. In Bolivia, low disease intensity resulted in the highest yields in Georgia Green, while high disease intensity resulted in comparable yields among the breeding lines, MDR-98, and C-99R. Leaf spot suppression by tebuconazole was greater in Bolivia than in the United States. This result indicates a possible higher level of fungicide resistance in the U.S. population of leaf spot pathogens. Overall, data from this study suggest that Bayo Grande and the breeding lines may be desirable germplasm for U.S. and Bolivian breeding programs or production.

scholarly journals Consumer Preferences for Oyster Attributes: Field Experiments on Brand, Locality, and Growing Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Kecinski ◽  
Kent D. Messer ◽  
Lauren Knapp ◽  
Yosef Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dichotomous Choice ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oyster Aquaculture ◽  
First Time

Oyster aquaculture has experienced tremendous growth in the United States over the past decade, but little is known about consumer preferences for oysters. This study analyzed preferences for oysters with varied combinations of brands, production locations, and production methods (aquaculture vs. wild-caught) using dichotomous choice, revealed preference economic field experiments. Results suggest significant and distinct differences in behavior between first-time and regular oyster consumers. While infrequent oyster consumers were drawn to oysters labeled as wild-caught, experienced oyster consumers preferred oysters raised via aquaculture. These findings will be valuable for growers and policymakers who invest in aquaculture to improve surrounding ecosystems.

scholarly journals Models of the pension system: international experience and local practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
O. Cheberyako ◽  
V. Bykova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Private Pensions ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
National Models

The article substantiates the nature of the national models of the pension system and its structure in accordance with the concept of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The basis of the national models of pension system are two well-known models of social security: Bismarck and Beveridge Social Insurance Systems. Thus, authors prepared the comparison of this models. The features of pension system in the countries of Europe (Germany, Great Britain, Sweden, Poland), the United States and Chile are analysed. The analysis of the national models of the pension system in Asian countries identifies three institutional patterns: the statist pension system (Taiwan and China), the dualist pension system (Japan and Korea) and individualist pension system (Hong Kong and Singapore). Based on trends of development of pension provision in foreign countries, authors determine the main tasks and ways to improve the domestic system, namely, introduction mandatory funded pension system and reforming the voluntary private pensions insurance.

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