Functions of Purinergic Receptors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eren Sarikaya
Keyword(s):  
Purinergic Receptors

The Therapeutic Potential of Purinergic Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease and Promising Therapeutic Modulators

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Pan ◽  
Yu Ma ◽  
Yunchun Li ◽  
Haoxing Wu ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Purinergic Signaling ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Central Nervous System Disorders ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Abstract:: Recent studies have proven that the purinergic signaling pathway plays a key role in neurotransmission and neuromodulation, and is involved in various neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. With the characterization of the subtypes of receptors in purinergic signaling, i.e. the P1 (adenosine), P2X (ion channel) and P2Y (G protein-coupled), more attentions were paid to the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of purinergic signaling in central nervous system disorders. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and deadly neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment and dementia. However, as drug development aimed to prevent or control AD follows a series of failures in recent years, more researchers focused on the neuroprotection-related mechanisms such as purinergic signaling in AD patients to find a potential cure. This article reviews the recent discoveries of purinergic signaling in AD, summaries the potential agents as modulators for the receptors of purinergic signaling in AD related research and treatments. Thus, our paper provided an insight for purinergic signaling in the development of anti-AD therapies.

scholarly journals Inflammasomes and the Maintenance of Hematopoietic Homeostasis: New Perspectives and Opportunities

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Lijing Yang ◽  
Mengjia Hu ◽  
Yukai Lu ◽  
Songling Han ◽  
Junping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hematopoietic Transplantation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Extracellular Stimuli ◽  
Transplantation Complications ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) regularly produce various blood cells throughout life via their self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation abilities. Most HSCs remain quiescent in the bone marrow (BM) and respond in a timely manner to either physiological or pathological cues, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. In the past few years, accumulating evidence has highlighted an intermediate role of inflammasome activation in hematopoietic maintenance, post-hematopoietic transplantation complications, and senescence. As a cytosolic protein complex, the inflammasome participates in immune responses by generating a caspase cascade and inducing cytokine secretion. This process is generally triggered by signals from purinergic receptors that integrate extracellular stimuli such as the metabolic factor ATP via P2 receptors. Furthermore, targeted modulation/inhibition of specific inflammasomes may help to maintain/restore adequate hematopoietic homeostasis. In this review, we will first summarize the possible relationships between inflammasome activation and homeostasis based on certain interesting phenomena. The cellular and molecular mechanism by which purinergic receptors integrate extracellular cues to activate inflammasomes inside HSCs will then be described. We will also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting inflammasomes and their components in some diseases through pharmacological or genetic strategies.

ROLE OF PURINERGIC RECEPTORS IN CELL DEATH AND CYTOKINE RELEASE IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 560S-560S
Author(s):  
Davide Ferrari ◽  
Martin Villalba ◽  
Paola Chiozzi ◽  
Monica Dal Susino ◽  
Simonetta Falzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Cytokine Release

Increased susceptibility of purinergic receptor-deficient mice to lung infection withPseudomonasaeruginosa

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (5) ◽  
pp. L890-L895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Geary ◽  
Henry Akinbi ◽  
Tom Korfhagen ◽  
Jean-Etienne Fabre ◽  
Richard Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Purinergic Receptor ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Double Knockout

Purinergic receptors are expressed throughout the respiratory system in diverse cell types. The efficiency of mucus clearance in the airways, the cascade leading to tissue injury, and inflammation are modulated by autocrine/paracrine release of nucleotides and signaling by purinergic receptors. We assessed the role of purinergic receptors in innate host defense of the lung in vivo by infecting mice deficient in P2Y1, P2Y2, or both receptors with intratracheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After P. aeruginosa challenge, all double knockout (P2Y1/P2Y2−/−) mice succumbed within 30 h of challenge, whereas 85% of the wild-type mice survived. Thirty-three percent of wild-type mice survived beyond 96 h. Single knockout mice, P2Y1−/−, or P2Y2−/−, exhibited intermediate survivals. Twenty-four hours following intratracheal instillation of a sublethal dose of P. aeruginosa, the level of total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 1.8-fold higher in double knockout than in wild-type mice ( P < 0.04). Total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids at 4 h and levels of IL-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in lung homogenates at 24 h postchallenge were significantly reduced in P2Y1/P2Y2−/− mice relative to wild-type mice. These findings suggest that purinergic receptors exert a protective role against infection of the lungs by P. aeruginosa by decreasing protein leak and enhancing proinflammatory cytokine response.

scholarly journals Painful Purinergic Receptors

2007 ◽  
Vol 324 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Donnelly-Roberts ◽  
Steve McGaraughty ◽  
Char-Chang Shieh ◽  
Prisca Honore ◽  
Michael F. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Purinergic Receptors

scholarly journals The Role of Purinergic Receptors in Cancer-Induced Bone Pain

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Falk ◽  
Maria Uldall ◽  
Anne-Marie Heegaard
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Bone Pain ◽  
Purinergic Receptors ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Pain State ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Peripheral Site

Cancer-induced bone pain severely compromises the quality of life of many patients suffering from bone metastasis, as current therapies leave some patients with inadequate pain relief. The recent development of specific animal models has increased the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer-induced bone pain including the involvement of ATP and the purinergic receptors in the progression of the pain state. In nociception, ATP acts as an extracellular messenger to transmit sensory information both at the peripheral site of tissue damage and in the spinal cord. Several of the purinergic receptors have been shown to be important for the development and maintenance of neuropathic and inflammatory pain, and studies have demonstrated the importance of both peripheral and central mechanisms. We here provide an overview of the current literature on the role of purinergic receptors in cancer-induced bone pain with emphasis on some of the difficulties related to studying this complex pain state.

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