scholarly journals Detecting and Counting Small Animal Species Using Drone Imagery by Applying Deep Learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal

Deep neural networks for animal object detection and recognition in the wild

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hayder Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Object Segmentation ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Background Modeling ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Natural Scene ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Object Proposals ◽  
Animal Detection

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Camera traps are a popular tool to sample animal populations because they are noninvasive, detect a variety of species, and can record many thousands of animal detections per deployment. Cameras are typically set to take bursts of multiple images for each detection, and are deployed in arrays of dozens or hundreds of sites, often resulting in millions of images per study. The task of converting images to animal detection records from such large image collections is daunting, and made worse by situations that generate copious empty pictures from false triggers (e.g. camera malfunction or moving vegetation) or pictures of humans. We offer the first widely available computer vision tool for processing camera trap images. Our results show that the tool is accurate and results in substantial time savings for processing large image datasets, thus improving our ability to monitor wildlife across large scales with camera traps. In this dissertation, we have developed new image/video processing and computer vision algorithms for efficient and accurate object detection and sequence-level classiffication from natural scene camera-trap images. This work addresses the following five major tasks: (1) Human-animal detection. We develop a fast and accurate scheme for human-animal detection from highly cluttered camera-trap images using joint background modeling and deep learning classification. Specifically, first, We develop an effective background modeling and subtraction scheme to generate region proposals for the foreground objects. We then develop a cross-frame image patch verification to reduce the number of foreground object proposals. Finally, We perform complexity-accuracy analysis of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) to develop a fast deep learning classification scheme to classify these region proposals into three categories: human, animals, and background patches. The optimized DCNN is able to maintain high level of accuracy while reducing the computational complexity by 14 times. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing methods on the camera-trap dataset. (2) Object segmentation from natural scene. We first design and train a fast DCNN for animal-human-background object classification, which is used to analyze the input image to generate multi-layer feature maps, representing the responses of different image regions to the animal-human-background classifier. From these feature maps, we construct the so-called deep objectness graph for accurate animal-human object segmentation with graph cut. The segmented object regions from each image in the sequence are then verfied and fused in the temporal domain using background modeling. Our experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods on the camera-trap dataset with highly cluttered natural scenes. (3) DCNN domain background modeling. We replaced the background model with a new more efficient deep learning based model. The input frames are segmented into regions through the deep objectness graph then the region boundaries of the input frames are multiplied by each other to obtain the regions of movement patches. We construct the background representation using the temporal information of the co-located patches. We propose to fuse the subtraction and foreground/background pixel classiffcation of two representation : a) chromaticity and b) deep pixel information. (4) Sequence-level object classiffcation. We proposed a new method for sequence-level video recognition with application to animal species recognition from camera trap images. First, using background modeling and cross-frame patch verification, we developed a scheme to generate candidate object regions or object proposals in the spatiotemporal domain. Second, we develop a dynamic programming optimization approach to identify the best temporal subset of object proposals. Third, we aggregate and fuse the features of these selected object proposals for efficient sequence-level animal species classification.

Myocardial depression produced by sustained tachycardia in rabbits

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. H63-H67 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Freeman ◽  
J. T. Colston
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Myocardial Depression ◽  
Active Length ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Heart Failure Model ◽  
Recent Attention

Much recent attention has been focused on the tachycardia-induced heart failure model. We hypothesized that sustained tachycardia would lead to myocardial depression in rabbits, as it does in dogs and swine. We evaluated the passive and active length-tension relations and postrest contraction behavior in right ventricular papillary muscles from 22 New Zealand White rabbits, 11 controls, and 11 subjected to ventricular pacing at a rate of 400 beats/min for 29.4 +/- 10.6 days. Studies were performed in oxygenated buffer at 22 degrees C. Active tension was significantly reduced at muscle lengths of 0.95.Lmax and above; at Lmax it was 4.7 +/- 0.2 g/mm2 for the control group and 3.3 +/- 0.2 g/mm2 for the paced group (P less than 0.005). Both groups showed increased force development when the concentration of calcium in the buffer was increased. There were no differences between the groups in the passive length-tension relations. Of note, postrest contraction data showed that the second postrest beat was smaller for the paced animals for rest intervals up to 2 min, suggesting that beat-to-beat trans-sarcolemmal calcium handling may differ from normal in this model. We conclude that sustained tachycardia will lead to myocardial depression in rabbits; the extension of this model to a small animal species may offer new ways to explore its causative mechanisms.

Small animal species in the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in tropical Bolivia

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
R.T. Paterson ◽  
F. Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The City

In the Bolivian Department of Santa Cruz, the Provinces of Sara and Ichilo lie some 100 km North-West of the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, where they occupy an area of about 21,000 km2. Most of the region is a flat, alluvial plain, 350-450 m above sea level, with young soils prone to localized, seasonal waterlogging, although the land becomes undulating and rises to 800 m as it approaches the foothills of the Andes to the west. The soils are moderately fertile with pH values often in the range of 4.5 to 5.5.

Practolol metabolism in various small animal species

Xenobiotica ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Reeves ◽  
D. J. Mccormick ◽  
H. T. Jepson
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal

scholarly journals OptiFlex: Multi-Frame Animal Pose Estimation Combining Deep Learning With Optical Flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoLe Liu ◽  
Si-yang Yu ◽  
Nico A. Flierman ◽  
Sebastián Loyola ◽  
Maarten Kamermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Pose Estimation ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evaluation Metric

Animal pose estimation tools based on deep learning have greatly improved animal behaviour quantification. These tools perform pose estimation on individual video frames, but do not account for variability of animal body shape in their prediction and evaluation. Here, we introduce a novel multi-frame animal pose estimation framework, referred to as OptiFlex. This framework integrates a flexible base model (i.e., FlexibleBaseline), which accounts for variability in animal body shape, with an OpticalFlow model that incorporates temporal context from nearby video frames. Pose estimation can be optimised using multi-view information to leverage all four dimensions (3D space and time). We evaluate FlexibleBaseline using datasets of four different lab animal species (mouse, fruit fly, zebrafish, and monkey) and introduce an intuitive evaluation metric—adjusted percentage of correct key points (aPCK). Our analyses show that OptiFlex provides prediction accuracy that outperforms current deep learning based tools, highlighting its potential for studying a wide range of behaviours across different animal species.

scholarly journals The antiretroviral potency of APOBEC1 deaminase from small animal species

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (21) ◽  
pp. 6859-6871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terumasa Ikeda ◽  
Takeo Ohsugi ◽  
Tetsuya Kimura ◽  
Shuzo Matsushita ◽  
Yosuke Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal

scholarly journals Animal welfare issues on the use of rabbits in an animal assisted therapy program for children

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. LOUKAKI (Κ. ΛΟΥΚΑΚΗ) ◽  
P. KOUKOUTSAKIS (Π. ΚΟΥΚΟΥΤΣΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
N. KOSTOMITSOPOULOS (Ν. ΚΩΣΤΟΜΗΤΣΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Animal Assisted Therapy ◽  
Normal Behaviour ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Positive Feelings

Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) is a method of complementary treatment in the rehabilitation of many human illnesses and conditions. Although the dog is the most widely used therapy animal that is used in AAT program, the rabbit can also be used as an alternate animal species and complementary therapy for many diseases. It is an intelligent, human friendly and playful small animal, easily socialized and transported. Also, the rabbit has very good communication through its body language. A special bond, also, exists between children and rabbits, and in the animal world of children, the rabbit is a very popular animal mainly through children's literature. As a result, rabbits elicit positive feelings in children and enhance their imagination. Based on previousexperience from an AAT program with rabbits in a children's hospital, the rabbit can be easily accepted by children with emotional or physical problems. In order for an AAT program with a rabbit to be a success, it is very important to guarantee good health and normal behaviour of the rabbit, as well as its proper welfare. The contribution and participation of a veterinarian during the design and the implementation of the program are, also, very important for assuring the success of an AAT program with rabbits.

scholarly journals Respuesta productiva de conejos alimentados con follaje fresco de nacedero (Trichanthera gigantea, Lamiales:Acanthaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Andrea Brenes-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Productive Systems ◽  
Test Treatment

Productive response of rabbits fed with fresh leaves of nacedero (Trichanthera gigantea, Lamiales:Acanthaceae). Rabbit production is a viable activity in Costa Rica. It offers consumers a high quality meat, and for farmers a good income with a relatively low investment. Production performance, including weight gain and dressing percentage of rabbits fed with two levels of fresh “nacedero” leaves (Trichanthera gigantea) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a commercial farm, using 30 weanling animals (California breed) randomly distributed among three treatments (ten animals per treatment): T1: Control: 100% commercial extruded diet, T2: 85:15, 85% commercial extruded diet and 15% nacedero fresh leaves, T3: 70:30, 70% commercial extruded diet and 30% nacedero fresh leaves. Animals were individually weighed weekly for eight weeks, then slaughtered at 88 days of age and dressing percentage calculated. Significant differences (p<0,05) were found between animals from treatments 1 and 2 compared to treatment 3 according to Tukey test. Treatment 3 showed the lowest final weight (p=0,003), weight gain (p=0,008) and dressing percentage (p=0,002). Animals´ initial weights (included as a covariable) had an important effect in all parameter responses (p=0,02). Average initial weights were 441, 403 and 418 g; weight gain was 19, 19 and 17 g/animal/day and dressing percentage was 55, 54 and 51% for animals from treatments 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Dry matter intake was significantly less in animals from treatments 2 and 3 compared to control (p<0,05). It is suggested that 15% of substitution of fresh nacedero foliage in diets for fattening rabbits did not affect productive performance; and improve the use of plants with high potential as forages in productive systems with small animal` species.

scholarly journals Componenţa sistematică şi diversitatea mamiferelor din nivelul paleolitic (III) de locuire umană a staţiunii paleolitice Brânzeni I

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorica Pascari ◽  
◽  
Anatolie David ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
The Third ◽  
Predatory Bird ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
The Given ◽  
Systematic Composition

The article presents the characteristic of the systematic composition and diversity of skeletal remains of mammals in the third level of human habitation of the Paleolithic site in the cave of Brânzeni I, Edinet district. The archaeological and paleontological remains discovered here are attributed to a new archaeological culture for Europe – Brânzeni. The inhabitants of this site hunted horses, reindeer, bison, deer, rhino, mammoth, hares, marmot and other mammals, that met in thesite area and were the main source of food for tribal members. The bones of small animal species (insectivores, rodents etc.) discovered in the inhabiting level of the Palaeolithic site originated from the decomposition of predatory bird pellets and of the feces of carnivores living in the cave while it was temporarily abandoned by the Paleolithic hunters. The archaeological and paleontological materials presented in this information are of interest for the knowledge of the peculiarities of geological history, fauna of paleogeography and the human society of the given area, have instructive, cognitive and ecotouristic value.

A method for the intraocular injection of micro-volumes in small animal species

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 683-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Hammond ◽  
P. Bhattacherjee
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Intraocular Injection
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