scholarly journals TIP Aquaporins in Plants: Role in Abiotic Stress Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Małgorzata Kurowska
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Transmembrane Helices ◽  
Regulatory Motifs ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Cell Turgor ◽  
Encoding Genes

Tonoplast Intrinsic Proteins (TIP) are one of five subfamilies of aquaporins in higher plants. Plants typically contain a large number of TIP genes, ranging from 6 to 35 compared to humans. The molecular weight of the TIP subfamily members ranges from 25 to 28 kDa. Despite their sequence diversity, all TIP monomers have the same structure, which consists of six transmembrane helices and five inter-helical loops that form an hourglass shape with a central pore. Four monomers form tetramers, which are functional units in the membrane. TIPs form channels in the tonoplast that basically function as regulators of the intracellular water flow, which implies that they have a role in regulating cell turgor. TIPs are responsible for precisely regulating the movement of not only water, but also some small neutral molecules such as glycerol, urea, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide and formamide. The expression of TIPs may be affected by different environmental stresses, including drought, salinity and cold. TIPs expression is also altered by phytohormones and the appropriate cis-regulatory motifs are identified in the promotor region of the genes encoding TIPs in different plant species. It was shown that manipulating TIP-encoding genes expression in plants could have the potential to improve abiotic stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Humic Acid-Induced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Joon-Yung Cha ◽  
Sang-Ho Kang ◽  
Myung Geun Ji ◽  
Gyeong-Im Shin ◽  
Song Yi Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Genes Encoding

Humic acid (HA) is a principal component of humic substances, which make up the complex organic matter that broadly exists in soil environments. HA promotes plant development as well as stress tolerance, however the precise molecular mechanism for these is little known. Here we conducted transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which HA enhances salt stress tolerance. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis pointed to the involvement of diverse abiotic stress-related genes encoding HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINs and redox proteins, which were up-regulated by HA regardless of salt stress. Genes related to biotic stress and secondary metabolic process were mainly down-regulated by HA. In addition, HA up-regulated genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) involved in plant development as well as abiotic stress tolerance, and down-regulated TF genes involved in secondary metabolic processes. Our transcriptome information provided here provides molecular evidences and improves our understanding of how HA confers tolerance to salinity stress in plants.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of Myo-inositol oxygenase gene family in tomato reveals their involvement in ascorbic acid accumulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Munir ◽  
Muhammad Ali Mumtaz ◽  
John Kojo Ahiakpa ◽  
Genzhong Liu ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Distribution Mapping

Abstract Background Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, AsA) is an antioxidant metabolite involved in plant development and environmental stimuli. AsA biosynthesis has been well studied in plants and MIOX is a critical enzyme in plants AsA biosynthesis pathway. However, myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) gene family members and their involvement in AsA biosynthesis and response to abiotic stress remain unclear. Results In this study, five tomato genes encoding MIOX proteins and possessing MIOX motifs were identified. Structural analysis and distribution mapping showed that 5 MIOX genes contain different intron/exon patterns and unevenly distributed among four chromosomes. In addition, expression analyses indicated the remarkable expression of SlMIOX genes in different plant tissues. Furthermore, transgenic lines were obtained by over-expression of MIOX4 gene in tomato. The overexpression lines showed a significant increase in total ascorbate in leaves and red fruits compared to control. Expression analysis revealed that increased accumulation of AsA in MIOX4 overexpression lines is possible as a consequence of the multiple genes involved in AsA biosynthesis. Myo inositol (MI) feeding in leaf and fruit implied that AsA biosynthesis was mainly improved by Myo-inositol pathway in leaves and fruits. MIOX4 overexpression lines exhibited a betterlight response, abiotic stress tolerance, and AsA biosynthesis capacity. Conclusions These results showed that MIOX4 transgenic lines contribute to AsA biosynthesis, evident as better light response and improved oxidative stress tolerance. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of MIOX gene family and their involvement in ascorbate biosynthesis in tomato.

scholarly journals Acquisition and Homeostasis of Iron in Higher Plants and Their Probable Role in Abiotic Stress Tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durgesh K. Tripathi ◽  
Shweta Singh ◽  
Shweta Gaur ◽  
Swati Singh ◽  
Vaishali Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Probable Role

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of Myo-inositol oxygenase gene family in tomato reveals their involvement in ascorbic acid accumulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Munir ◽  
Muhammad Ali Mumtaz ◽  
John Kojo Ahiakpa ◽  
Genzhong Liu ◽  
Weifang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Distribution Mapping

Abstract Background Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, AsA) is an antioxidant metabolite involved in plant development and environmental stimuli. AsA biosynthesis has been well studied in plants, and MIOX is a critical enzyme in plants AsA biosynthesis pathway. However, Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) gene family members and their involvement in AsA biosynthesis and response to abiotic stress remain unclear. Results In this study, five tomato genes encoding MIOX proteins and possessing MIOX motifs were identified. Structural analysis and distribution mapping showed that 5 MIOX genes contain different intron/exon patterns and unevenly distributed among four chromosomes. Besides, expression analyses indicated the remarkable expression of SlMIOX genes in different plant tissues. Furthermore, transgenic lines were obtained by over-expression of the MIOX4 gene in tomato. The overexpression lines showed a significant increase in total ascorbate in leaves and red fruits compared to control. Expression analysis revealed that increased accumulation of AsA in MIOX4 overexpression lines is possible as a consequence of the multiple genes involved in AsA biosynthesis. Myo inositol (MI) feeding in leaf and fruit implied that the Myo-inositol pathway improved the AsA biosynthesis in leaves and fruits. MIOX4 overexpression lines exhibited abetter light response, abiotic stress tolerance, and AsA biosynthesis capacity. Conclusions These results showed that MIOX4 transgenic lines contribute to AsA biosynthesis, evident as better light response and improved oxidative stress tolerance. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the MIOX gene family and their involvement in ascorbate biosynthesis in tomato.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of Three Ammopiptanthus mongolicus Dehydrin Genes Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Hongwei Cui ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Tingqiao Yu ◽  
Shaoliang Chen ◽  
Yuzhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Ammopiptanthus Mongolicus ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression ◽  
Dehydrin Genes

Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, a xerophyte plant that belongs to the family Leguminosae, adapts to extremely arid, hot, and cold environments, making it an excellent woody plant to study the molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress tolerance. Three dehydrin genes, AmDHN132, AmDHN154, and AmDHN200 were cloned from abiotic stress treated A. mongolicus seedlings. Cytomembrane-located AmDHN200, nucleus-located AmDHN154, and cytoplasm and nucleus-located AmDHN132 were characterized by constitutive overexpression of their genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of AmDHN132, AmDHN154, and AmDHN200 in transgenic Arabidopsis improved salt, osmotic, and cold tolerances, with AmDHN132 having the largest effect, whereas the growth of transformed plants is not negatively affected. These results indicate that AmDHNs contribute to the abiotic stress tolerance of A. mongolicus and that AmDHN genes function differently in response to abiotic stresses. Furthermore, they have the potential to be used in the genetic engineering of stress tolerance in higher plants.

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