scholarly journals Ecofriendly Hill Mining by Tunneling Method

Author(s):  
Rama Dhar Dwivedi ◽  
Abhay Kumar Soni

Mostly, hills are mined by ‘Strip mining’ i.e. removing the hills from top. This conventional approach destroys the landscape and defaces the beauty of the hill. Besides, a large amount of dust generated at source disturbs the villagers and nearby human settlements during the excavation operation or related activities. To eliminate this, and remove the ‘out yard dumping of material’, except at initial stage i.e. during developmental phase, if tunneling methods of civil construction work is applied, ‘the conventional hill mining’ can be turned into an eco-friendly hill mining with very little planning efforts. This chapter highlights the abovementioned aspects of ‘hill mining’ covering overviews about the ‘hill mining by tunneling method’. In this technique, the extraction of mineral deposits is done by driving tunnels at the bottom (or other accessible higher level of the hills) and combining it with cross-cuts and adits, to protect the green cover and the serene hill environment. A case study of limestone mining in hilly Meghalaya region of India forms a part of the description where its feasibility exists.




2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6452
Author(s):  
César Ricardo Soto-Ocampo ◽  
Juan David Cano-Moreno ◽  
José Manuel Mera ◽  
Joaquín Maroto

Increasing industrial competitiveness has led to an increased global interest in condition monitoring. In this sector, rotating machinery plays an important role, where the bearing is one of the most critical components. Many vibration-based signal treatments are already being used to identify features associated with bearing faults. The information embedded in such features are employed in the construction of health indicators, which allow for evaluation of the current operating status of the machine. In this work, the use of contour maps to represent the diagnosis map of a bearing, used as a health map, is presented for the first time. The results show that the proposed method is promising, allowing for the satisfactory detection and evaluation of the severity of bearing damage. In this initial stage of the research, our results suggest that this method can improve the classification of bearing faults and, therefore, optimise maintenance processes.



2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yazuwan Sallij Muhammad Yasin ◽  
Ir. Suhana Muhammad ◽  
Wan Fatin Izyan Wan Mohd Zamri ◽  
Shahrul Nizam Mohd Radzi

Abstract In maturing an Area Development Plan (ADP), most of the data used are incomplete, too fragmented, or sometime due to time constraint; need to be deduced down to assumptions. Due to this fact, an ADP is bound to have updates, even during the course of maturing it. This is where the issue starts. Since the conventional approach is "bottom-up", room to accommodate changes is limited; at times require the whole proposal to be reworked. This is because it focuses on getting the best development concept for a given field first before rolling it up to study the network/interrelationship between fields. A "top-down" approach in maturing an ADP intends to better assist any given team to be agile whilst focusing on value added solutions from a strategic bird's eye point of view. The approach in discussion was adopted and tested to a regional ADP study in year 2020 which initially involves more than 1000 fields (discovered, prospects, and leads). This approach allows for any changes throughout the course of maturing the ADP because, its main focus is to get the best network/interrelationship between fields first, before focusing on the development concept of each of the fields. Other benefits that can be observed by adopting the approach in discussion is a shorter study duration. Based on the case study, the study duration was reduced from 10 months to 6.5 months. With shorter duration too, can help the Company in better manage its manpower resources to focus on things that matters.



2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-611
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Rottet

Abstract The English verb-particle construction or phrasal verb (pv) has undergone dramatic semantic extensions from the expression of literal motion events (the ball rolled down the hill) – a pattern known as satellite-framing – to idiomatic figurative uses (the company will roll out a new plan) where selection of the particle is motivated by Conceptual Metaphors. Over the course of its long contact with English, Welsh – also satellite-framed with literal motion events – has extended the use of its verb-particle construction to replicate even highly idiomatic English pv s. Through a case study of ten metaphorical uses of up and its Welsh equivalent, we argue that this dramatic contact outcome points to the convergence by bilingual speakers on a single set of Conceptual Metaphors motivating the pv combinations. A residual Celtic possessive construction (lit. she rose on her sitting ‘she sat up’) competes with English-like pv s to express change of bodily posture.



2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Joely Maria de Oliveira ◽  
Juliana Benevenuto Reis ◽  
Rondinele Amaral Da Silva

RESUMOObjetivo: compreender a busca por cuidado do câncer a partir da percepção de pacientes e familiares/cuidadores. Método: estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo e por método de estudo de caso. Participaram pacientes que realizam ou realizaram tratamento de câncer e familiares/cuidadores que os acompanham, na busca por cuidado do câncer, a partir da aplicação de questionários e entrevista aberta. Os dados da entrevista foram transcritos e analisados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, na modalidade Análise Temática, emergindo categorias. Resultados: apresentam-se em duas categorias - 1) A trajetória de busca por cuidado do câncer, subdividida em “A trajetória entre sintomatologia”, “Recebimento do diagnóstico” e “A trajetória do diagnóstico ao tratamento”; 2) Enfrentamento da doença, subdivida em “Alterações na rotina”, “Gastos financeiros”, “Alterações emocionais”, “Estigma e espiritualidade” e “Apoio dos profissionais da saúde”. Conclusão: pacientes e familiares enfrentam diversas dificuldades para realizar a busca por cuidado do câncer desde a etapa inicial, para a obtenção do diagnóstico de câncer, até o final do tratamento. O estudo provê informações embasadas cientificamente e visa a contribuir para o avanço científico nas áreas da Oncologia e Enfermagem. Além de tudo, possui o intuito de transmitir conhecimento e levantar processo reflexivo para possíveis soluções sobre a problemática abordada. Descritores: Neoplasia; Paciente; Família; Percepção; Terapêutica; Trajetória Clinica.ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the search for cancer care from the perception of patients and family / caregivers. Method: qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study and case study method. Patients who go through or went through cancer treatment and accompanying family / caregivers participated in the search for cancer care, in the application of questionnaires and an open interview. The interview data was transcribed and analyzed by the Content Analysis technique, in the Thematic Analysis modality, emerging categories. Results: they are presented in two categories - 1) The search path for cancer care, subdivided in "The trajectory between symptomatology", "Receipt of diagnosis" and "The trajectory of diagnosis to treatment"; 2) Coping with the disease, subdivided in "Routine changes", "Financial expenses", "Emotional changes", "Stigma and spirituality" and "Support of health professionals". Conclusion: patients and family members face several difficulties to perform the search for cancer care from the initial stage, to obtain the diagnosis of cancer, until the end of treatment. The study provides scientifically based information and aims to contribute to scientific advancement in the areas of Oncology and Nursing. In addition, it aims to transmit knowledge and raise a reflexive process for possible solutions on the issues addressed. Descriptors: Neoplasia; Patient; Family; Perception; Therapy; Clinical trajectory.RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la búsqueda por cuidado del cáncer a partir de la percepción depacientes y familiares / cuidadores. Método: estudio cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo y por método de estudio de caso. Participaron pacientes que realizan o realizaron tratamiento de cáncer, y familiares / cuidadores que los acompañan, en la búsqueda por cuidado del cáncer, a partir de la aplicación de cuestionarios y entrevista abierta. Los datos de la entrevista fueron transcritos y analizados por la técnica de Análisis de Contenido, en la modalidad Análisis Temática, emergiendo las categorías.  Resultados: se presentan en dos categorías - 1) La trayectoria de búsqueda por cuidado del cáncer, siendo esta subdividida en “La trayectoria entre sintomatología”, “Recepción del diagnóstico”, “La trayectoria del diagnóstico al tratamiento”; 2) Enfrentamiento de la enfermedad, subdivida en “Alteraciones en la rutina”, “Gastos financieros”, “Cambios emocionales”, “Estigma y espiritualidad” y “Apoyo de los profesionales de la salud”. Conclusión: pacientes y familiares enfrentan diversas dificultades para realizar la búsqueda por cuidado del cáncer, desde la etapa inicial, para la obtención del diagnóstico de cáncer, hasta el final del tratamiento. El estudio provee informaciones fundamentadas científicamente y pretende contribuir para el avance científico en las áreas de la Oncología y Enfermería. Además de todo, tiene el propósito de transmitir conocimiento y levantar un proceso reflexivo para posibles soluciones sobre la problemática abordada. Descriptores: Neoplasia; Paciente; Familia; La percepción; Terapia; Trayectoria Clínica.



2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 05018003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongbin Zhao ◽  
Shuqi Ma ◽  
Zhenyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aktoty Kauzhanova ◽  
Lyudmila Te ◽  
John Reedy ◽  
Thaddeus Ivbade Ehighebolo ◽  
Mirko Bastiaan Heinerth ◽  
...  

Abstract Some wells in the Kashagan field did not perform as well as expected. Despite producing virtually no water, calcite deposition was found to be the root cause of the problem. A comprehensive well surveillance program, which was proven to be very efficient for an early scaling diagnosis, was developed by the operator, North Caspian Operating Company (hereafter NCOC). As a result, well scaling is currently well managed and prevented from reoccurring. The objective of this paper is to share an early experience with well scaling in the Kashagan field, as well as to describe the developed set of well surveillance techniques. The aim of the various well surveillance techniques discussed in this paper is to improve an Operator's ability to identify the very first signs of scale accumulation. This, in its turn, enables to introduce timely adjustments to the well operating envelope and to schedule a scale remediation / inhibition treatment with the intention to prevent any potential scaling initiation from further development. The approach is quite extensive and incorporates continuous BHP/BHT monitoring, routine well testing, PTA analysis, and fluid/water sampling. Developed approach experienced multiple revisions and modifications. Further optimization continues, however, the described well surveillance techniques represent the latest Operator's vision on the most efficient way for well scaling monitoring and identification. In the Kashagan field, BHP/BHT readings have proved to be the most direct and instantaneous indication of any early signs of potential deterioration in well performance (qualitative analysis) while well testing and PTAs are considered as the most essential techniques in confirming and quantifying scaling severity (quantitative analysis). It is important to mention that BHT increase is explained by Joule-Thomson heating effect being specific for the Kashagan fluid (happening during increased pressure drawdown). This, in turns, enables to predict future well performance, design well operating envelop accordingly and, most importantly, develop a yearly schedule for proactive well treatments with SI. In conclusion, it shall be highlighted that discussed complex of well surveillance techniques has been concluded to be very efficient and reliable tool in identifying any scaling tendencies at its initial stage. Due to successful implementation of this approach in the Kashagan field, scale development is now well-managed and kept under control. To mention, that utilization of well surveillance techniques and methods outlined in this paper may reduce the time required to identify and ultimately mitigate well scale accumulation in any active assets with similar operating environments.



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