scholarly journals Consequences of Climate Change Impacts and Implications on Ecosystem and Biodiversity; Impacts of Developmental Projects and Mitigation Strategy in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Prasad Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Global Mean Temperature ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

Climate change impacts and implications towards ecosystems and biodiversity, water resources, food production, and infrastructures can be mitigated through adapting, reducing or avoiding adverse impacts and maximizing positive consequences. It can have numerous effects on the world’s natural ecosystems and their functions. IPCC projections showed approximately 10% of species to be at an increasing high risk of extinction for every 1 °C rise in global mean temperature and recommended to limit global temperatures below 1.5 °C. To identify consequences of climate change, impacts, and implications, data collected from different sources, reviewed, assessed and analyzed, discussing dimensional impacts and mitigation strategies adopted. Nepal’s 118 major ecosystems and 75 vegetation types with 44.74% forestland comprising 0.1% of global landmass harboring 3.2% flora and 1.1% fauna of the world’s biodiversity critically influenced by the regional climate change and intervention of developmental projects. Since 2000, Nepal lost forest area by 2.1% including several endangered and threatened species. Nepal is highly vulnerable towards natural disasters like GLOF, Glacier retreat, flooding, landslide and global warming. Therefore, it is crucial to plan climate resilience infrastructures adopting effective environmental management tools, formulation of strong plan, policy and strategy, mitigation of greenhouse gases, climate resilient adaptation and restoration of degraded ecosystems.

scholarly journals Turn down the heat: regional climate change impacts on development

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1563-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. O. Reyer ◽  
Kanta Kumari Rigaud ◽  
Erick Fernandes ◽  
William Hare ◽  
Olivia Serdeczny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Regional Climate Change

Assessment of regional climate change impacts on Hungarian landscapes

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Mezösi ◽  
Burghard C. Meyer ◽  
Wolfgang Loibl ◽  
Christoph Aubrecht ◽  
Peter Csorba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Regional Climate Change

A new approach for assessing climate change impacts in ecotron experiments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inne Vanderkelen ◽  
Jakob Zschleischler ◽  
Lukas Gudmundsson ◽  
Klaus Keuler ◽  
Francois Rineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Global Mean Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract. Ecotron facilities allow accurate control of many environmental variables coupled with extensive monitoring of ecosystem processes. They therefore require multivariate perturbation of climate variables, close to what is observed in the field and projections for the future, preserving the co-variances between variables and the projected changes in variability. Here we present a new experimental design for studying climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems and apply it to the UHasselt Ecotron Experiment. The new methodology consists of generating climate forcing along a gradient representative of increasingly high global mean temperature anomalies and uses data derived from the best available regional climate model (RCM) projection. We first identified the best performing regional climate model (RCM) simulation for the ecotron site from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment in the European Domain (EURO-CORDEX) ensemble with a 0.11° (12.5 km) resolution based on two criteria: (i) highest skill of the simulations compared to observations from a nearby weather station and (ii) representativeness of the multi-model mean in future projections. Our results reveal that no single RCM simulation has the best score for all possible combinations of the four meteorological variables and evaluation metrics considered. Out of the six best performing simulations, we selected the simulation with the lowest bias for precipitation (CCLM4-8-17/EC-EARTH), as this variable is key to ecosystem functioning and model simulations deviated the most for this variable, with values ranging up to double the observed values. The time window is subsequently selected from the RCM projection for each ecotron unit based on the global mean temperature of the driving Global Climate Model (GCM). The ecotron units are forced with 3-hourly output from the RCM projections of the five-year period spanning the year in which the global mean temperature crosses the predefined values. With the new approach, Ecotron facilities become able to assess ecosystem responses on changing climatic conditions, while accounting for the co-variation between climatic variables and their projection in variability, well representing possible compound events. The gradient approach will allow to identify possible threshold and tipping points.

scholarly journals Climate change impacts on crop yield and quality with CO 2 fertilization in China

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1463) ◽  
pp. 2149-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Erda ◽  
Xiong Wei ◽  
Ju Hui ◽  
Xu Yinlong ◽  
Li Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Average Annual Temperature

A regional climate change model (PRECIS) for China, developed by the UK's Hadley Centre, was used to simulate China's climate and to develop climate change scenarios for the country. Results from this project suggest that, depending on the level of future emissions, the average annual temperature increase in China by the end of the twenty-first century may be between 3 and 4 °C. Regional crop models were driven by PRECIS output to predict changes in yields of key Chinese food crops: rice, maize and wheat. Modelling suggests that climate change without carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fertilization could reduce the rice, maize and wheat yields by up to 37% in the next 20–80 years. Interactions of CO 2 with limiting factors, especially water and nitrogen, are increasingly well understood and capable of strongly modulating observed growth responses in crops. More complete reporting of free-air carbon enrichment experiments than was possible in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Third Assessment Report confirms that CO 2 enrichment under field conditions consistently increases biomass and yields in the range of 5–15%, with CO 2 concentration elevated to 550 ppm Levels of CO 2 that are elevated to more than 450 ppm will probably cause some deleterious effects in grain quality. It seems likely that the extent of the CO 2 fertilization effect will depend upon other factors such as optimum breeding, irrigation and nutrient applications.

Regional climate change impacts: II. Impacts on water management works

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. MIMIKOU ◽  
P. S. HADJISAVVA ◽  
Y. S. KOUVOPOULOS ◽  
H. AFRATEOS
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Regional Climate Change

scholarly journals European summer surface ozone 1990–2100

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 7705-7726 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Langner ◽  
M. Engardt ◽  
C. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Ozone Precursor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surface O3

Abstract. The impact of climate change and changes in ozone precursor emissions on summer surface ozone in Europe were studied using a regional CTM over the period 1990 to 2100. Two different climate simulations under the SRES A1B scenario together with ozone precursor emission changes from the RCP4.5 scenario were used as model input. In southern Europe regional climate change leads to increasing surface ozone concentrations during April–September, but projected emission reductions in Europe have a stronger effect, resulting in net reductions of surface ozone concentrations. In northern Europe regional climate change decreases surface O3 and reduced emissions acts to further strengthen this trend also when including increasing hemispheric background concentrations, although on the British Isles the combined effect is an increase. Due to substantial decadal variability in the simulations it is important to study averages over sufficiently long time periods in order to be able to extract robust signals of climate change impacts on surface O3 concentrations.

An Improved Daily Weather Generator for the Assessment of Regional Climate Change Impacts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Khazaei ◽  
Mehraveh Hasirchian ◽  
Bagher Zahabiyoun
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Weather Generator ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Monthly Precipitation

Abstract Weather Generators (WGs) are one of the major downscaling tools for assessing regional climate change impacts. However, some deficiencies in the performance of WGs have limited their usage. This paper presents a method for correcting the low-frequency variability (LFV) of precipitation in the Improved Weather Generator (IWG) model. The method is based on bias correction in the monthly precipitation distribution of the generated daily series. The performance of the modified model was tested directly by comparing the statistics of generated and observed weather data for 14 stations, and also indirectly by comparing the characteristics of simulated stream-flows of a basin from the simulations run based on generated and observed weather data. The results showed that the method not only corrected the LFV of precipitation but also improved the reproduction of many other statistics. The provided IWG2 model can serve as a useful tool for the downscaling of General Circulation Models (GCMs) scenarios to assess regional climate change impacts, especially hydrological effects.

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