Multiscale Modeling of Non-Isothermal Fluid Transport Involved in Drying Process of Porous Media

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.5772/intechopen.97317 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kieu Hiep Le

Keyword(s):

Multiscale Modeling ◽

Fluid Transport ◽

Energy Transport ◽

Drying Process ◽

Transport Models ◽

Flow Displacement ◽

Multiphase Fluids ◽

Isothermal Fluid ◽

Continuum Scale ◽

And Storage

To preserve the product quality as well as to reduce the logistics and storage cost, drying process is widely applied in the processing of porous material. In consideration of transport phenomena that involve a porous medium during drying, the complex morphology of the medium, and its influences on the distribution, flow, displacement of multiphase fluids are encountered. In this chapter, the recent advanced mass and energy transport models of drying processes are summarized. These models which were developed based on both pore- and continuum-scales, may provide a better fundamental understanding of non-isothermal liquid–vapor transport at both the continuum scale and the pore scale, and to pave the way for designing, operating, and optimizing drying and relevant industrial processes.

Download Full-text

Analysis of numerical schemes for semiconductor energy-transport models

Applied Numerical Mathematics ◽

10.1016/j.apnum.2021.05.030 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marianne Bessemoulin-Chatard ◽

Claire Chainais-Hillairet ◽

Hélène Mathis

Keyword(s):

Energy Transport ◽

Numerical Schemes ◽

Transport Models

Download Full-text

Monitoring Volatile and Nonvolatile Amines in Dried and Salted Roes of Tuna (Thunnus thynnus L.) during Manufacture and Storage

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-66.2.335 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 335-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. J. PERIAGO ◽

J. RODRIGO ◽

G. ROS ◽

J. J. RODRÍGUEZ-JÉREZ ◽

M. HERNÁNDEZ-HERRERO

Keyword(s):

Biogenic Amine ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Drying Process ◽

Consumer Safety ◽

Histamine Formation ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage ◽

Safety Limit

Dried and salted roe, obtained from the reproductive organs of female tuna (Thunnus tynnus L.), is a typical fish-based food in the Mediterranean area of Spain. In the present study, we monitored the formation of volatile amines (trimethyamine nitrogen [TMA-N] and total basic volatile nitrogen [TBVN]) and nonvolatile amines (biogenic amines) in dried and salted tuna roe after processing and storage for 8 weeks at 4, 20, and 30°C. The salting and drying process significantly increased the TBVN, cadaverine, tyramine, phenylethylamine, and tryptamine contents, and bacteria with histamine decarboxylase activity were detected both in raw and in dried and salted tuna roes. During storage of tuna roe, TMA-N and TBVN levels increased significantly after the fourth week of storage at 30°C, whereas biogenic amine contents remained more or less constant. However, samples stored at 30°C showed histamine formation after the first week of storage, with a concentration of <50 ppm. The volatile and nonvolatile amine concentrations in tuna roe were below the consumer safety limit, with the exception of the total biogenic amine level in roe stored at 30°C, which exceeded the European Community's recommended limit (300 ppm). These results indicate that in properly stored tuna roe, histamine formation will not represent a serious health risk to consumers unless the tuna roe has previously been mishandled.

Download Full-text

Stability of pseudorabies virus during freeze-drying and storage: effect of suspending media

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.4.1.1-5.1976 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

E M Scott ◽

W Woodside

Keyword(s):

Freeze Drying ◽

Pseudorabies Virus ◽

Storage Effect ◽

Drying Process ◽

Sodium Glutamate ◽

Degree Of Protection ◽

The Stability ◽

Subsequent Storage ◽

And Storage ◽

Lactalbumin Hydrolysate

The effect of suspending media on the stability of pseudorabies virus upon freeze-drying and subsequent storage was studied. A variety of media was tested, including: sodium glutamate; sucrose; lactose; lactalbumin hydrolysate; peptone; a combination of sucrose, dextran, and glutamate; and various combinations of sucrose, glutamate, and potassium phosphates. Suspending media containing glutamate, either alone or in combination with sucrose and either dextran or phosphates, afforded the greatest degree of protection during the freeze-drying process and upon storage. Some possible functions of these additives in preventing injury to the virus during freezing and drying have been suggested.

Download Full-text

(Invited) Multiscale Modeling and Theory Experiment Integration for Understanding Complex Interfaces in Materials for Hydrogen Production and Storage

ECS Meeting Abstracts ◽

10.1149/ma2021-02441349mtgabs ◽

2021 ◽

Vol MA2021-02 (44) ◽

pp. 1349-1349

Author(s):

Brandon C. Wood ◽

Tadashi Ogitsu

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Multiscale Modeling ◽

And Storage

Download Full-text

Porous Medium Interconnector Effects on the Thermohydraulics of Near-Compact Heat Exchangers Treated as Porous Media

Journal of Heat Transfer ◽

10.1115/1.2427074 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 129 (3) ◽

pp. 273-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

K. Sumithra Raju ◽

Arunn Narasimhan

Keyword(s):

Porous Medium ◽

Porous Media ◽

Heat Exchangers ◽

Fluid Transport ◽

Energy Transport ◽

Metal Foam ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Numerical Data ◽

Darcy Number ◽

Compact Heat Exchangers

A novel approach of treating near-compact heat exchangers (NCHX) (surface to volume ratio, α=100-300m2∕m3 with hydraulic diameter DM∼6mm) as a “global” porous media, whose thermohydraulic performance is being influenced by the presence of “local” tube-to-tube porous medium interconnectors, connecting the in-line arrangement of tubes (D=2mm) having square pitch of XT=XL=2.25, is investigated in this study using numerical methods. The thermohydraulics of the global porous media (NCHX) are characterized by studying the effect of transverse thickness (δ) and permeability (represented by Dai) of the local metal foam type porous medium interconnectors on the global heat transfer coefficient (Nu) and nondimensional pressure drop (ξ). The fluid transport in the porous medium interconnectors is governed by the Brinkman–Darcy flow model while the volume averaged energy equation is used to model energy transport, with the tube walls kept at constant temperature and exchanging heat with the cooling fluid having Pr=0.7 under laminar flow (10<Re<100). For the chosen NCHX configuration, ξ and Nu increases for an increase in Re and also with an increase in the thickness (δ) of the interconnecting porous medium. However, as the local Darcy number (Dai) of the interconnecting porous medium increases, the ξ decreases but the Nu increases. Treating the heat exchanger as a global porous media this result translates to an increase in the ξ and Nu as the global permeability (represented by Dag) decreases, where the decrease in Dag is because of either an increase in δ or a decrease in Dai. Separate correlations predicting ξ and Nu as a function of Re and Dag (which in turn is correlated to δ and Dai) have been developed for the chosen NCHX configuration, both of which predict the numerical data with ±20% accuracy.

Download Full-text

Numerical Study on the Performance of a Tube With Inserted Porous Media of Various Thermal Conductivities

Volume 1: Heat Transfer in Energy Systems; Thermophysical Properties; Theory and Fundamentals in Heat Transfer; Nanoscale Thermal Transport; Heat Transfer in Equipment; Heat Transfer in Fire and Combustion; Transport Processes in Fuel Cells and Heat Pipes; Boiling and Condensation in Macro, Micro and Nanosystems ◽

10.1115/ht2016-7056 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tariq Amin Khan ◽

Wei Li

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Porous Medium ◽

Porous Media ◽

Velocity Profile ◽

Fluid Transport ◽

Energy Transport ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Darcy Number ◽

Local Thermal Equilibrium ◽

Working Fluid

Numerical study is performed on the effect of thermal conductivity of porous media (k) on the Nusselt number (Nu) and performance evaluation criteria (PEC) of a tube. Two-dimensional axisymmetric forced laminar and fully developed flow is assumed. Porous medium partially inserted in the core of a tube is investigated under varied Darcy number (Da), i.e., 10−6 ≤ Da ≤ 10−2. The range of Re number used is 100 to 2000 and the conductivity of porous medium is 1.4 to 202.4 W/(m.K) with air as the working fluid. The momentum equations are used to describe the fluid flow in the clear region. The Darcy-Forchheimer-Brinkman model is adopted for the fluid transport in the porous region. The mathematical model for energy transport is based on the one equation model which assumes a local thermal equilibrium between the fluid and the solid phases. Results are different from the conventional thoughts that porous media of higher thermal conductivity can enhance the performance (PEC) of a tube. Due to partial porous media insertion, the upstream parabolic velocity profile is destroyed and the flow is redistributed to create a new fully develop velocity profile downstream. The length of this flow redistribution to a new developed laminar flow depends on the Da number and the hydrodynamic developing length increases with increasing Da number. Moreover, the temperature profile is also readjusted within the tube. The Nu and PEC numbers have a nonlinear trend with varying k. At very low Da number and at a lower k, the Nu number decreases with increasing Re number while at higher k, the Nu number first increases to reach its peak value and then decreases. At higher Re number, the results are independent of k. However, at a higher Da number, the Nu and PEC numbers significantly increases at low Re number while slightly increases at higher Re number. Hence, the change in Nu and PEC numbers neither increases monotonically with k, nor with Re number. Investigation of PEC number shows that at very low Da number (Da = 10−6), inserting porous media of a low k is effective at low Re number (Re ≤ 500) while at high Re number, using porous material is not effective for the overall performance of a tube. However, at a relatively higher Da number (Da = 10−2), high k can be effective at higher Re number. Moreover, it is found that the results are not very sensitive to the inertia term at lower Da number.

Download Full-text

Reduced models of turbulent transport in helical plasmas including effects of zonal flows and trapped electrons

Journal of Plasma Physics ◽

10.1017/s0022377820000495 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

Author(s):

S. Toda ◽

M. Nunami ◽

H. Sugama

Keyword(s):

Energy Transport ◽

Turbulent Transport ◽

Zonal Flow ◽

Transport Models ◽

Nonlinear Simulation ◽

Ion Energy ◽

Trapped Electrons ◽

Zonal Flows ◽

Reduced Models ◽

Potential Fluctuation

Using transport models, the impacts of trapped electrons on zonal flows and turbulence in helical field configurations are studied. The effect of the trapped electrons on the characteristic quantities of the linear response for zonal flows is investigated for two different field configurations in the Large Helical Device. The turbulent potential fluctuation, zonal flow potential fluctuation and ion energy transport are quickly predicted by the reduced models for which the linear and nonlinear simulation results are used to determine dimensionless parameters related to turbulent saturation levels and typical zonal flow wavenumbers. The effects of zonal flows on the turbulent transport for the case of the kinetic electron response are much smaller than or comparable to those in an adiabatic electron condition for the two different field configurations. It is clarified that the effect of zonal flows on the turbulent transport due to the trapped electrons changes, depending on the field configurations.

Download Full-text