scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes and Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Fevrier
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Southern China ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

The current SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus) outbreak has reached pandemic proportions with a large global imprint. In December 2019, COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and has continued largely unabated. The SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus) is much talked about currently; however, it is worth noting that there are several different coronaviruses known to man, with most of them being responsible for causing illness in animals. Seven (7) types of coronaviruses are identified as causing illnesses in humans. Of the seven human coronavirus infections, four involve mild upper respiratory tract complaints that produce slight symptoms of the common cold. Conversely, the other three human coronavirus infections present more severe consequences as recently demonstrated by the SARS-CoV-2. These deadly outbreaks of pneumonia can have consequences that are far-reaching and are global in nature. SARS-CoV was the first new viral pandemic of the 21st century. It had its beginnings in southern China during November 2002 having started mysteriously; It was contained in 2004 after having spread to five continents and thirty-three countries, infecting approximately 8000 people. MERS-CoV the virus that the causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) was first identified in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and Jordan and has since registered roughly 2,220 confirmed cases and 790 deaths.

scholarly journals Animal Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2 in Animals, What Do We Actually Know?

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Paolo Bonilauri ◽  
Gianluca Rugna
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Respiratory Tract Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a well-known group of viruses in veterinary medicine. We currently know four genera of Coronavirus, alfa, beta, gamma, and delta. Wild, farmed, and pet animals are infected with CoVs belonging to all four genera. Seven human respiratory coronaviruses have still been identified, four of which cause upper-respiratory-tract diseases, specifically, the common cold, and the last three that have emerged cause severe acute respiratory syndromes, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. In this review we briefly describe animal coronaviruses and what we actually know about SARS-CoV-2 infection in farm and domestic animals.

Respiratory viruses

2011 ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
Dr Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

15.1 Rhinovirus, 209 15.2 Influenza, 210 15.3 Parainfluenza, 211 15.4 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 211 • There are more than 100 different serotypes of rhinovirus. • Rhinovirus is chiefly limited to upper respiratory tract infections and is the major cause of the common cold....

scholarly journals The Haemophilic Bacteria of the Upper Respiratory Tract, the Appearance of Virulent forms in Relation to Upper Respiratory Infections

1934 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hoyle
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Normal Health

In previous studies of the bacterial flora of the upper respiratory tract and its variations during attacks of acute coryza (Hoyle, 1932), it was found that there was in many cases a striking relationship between the appearance of certain organisms with definite pathogenic properties towards the lower animals, in the upper respiratory tract, and the occurrence of acute infections. This relationship was especially marked in the case of the influenza bacillus, and it was suggested that this organism played a prominent part in the aetiology of upper respiratory infections. The significance of the influenza bacillus in acute coryza has been noted by various workers (Noble, Fisher and Brainard, 1928; Burky and Smillie, 1929; Webster and Clow, 1932; Kneeland and Dawes, 1932), but on the other hand various observers have found the incidence of influenza bacilli in the respiratory tract to be the same in normal health and in acute coryza, and Fleming (1929) and Fleming and Maclean (1930) have devised a technique by means of which they claim to have isolated influenza bacilli in 100 per cent, of normal throats. One possible explanation of these conflicting results may be found in the absence of any very exact criterion of what constitutes a typical influenza bacillus.

scholarly journals MERS-CoV in Upper Respiratory Tract and Lungs of Dromedary Camels, Saudi Arabia, 2013–2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1153-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelmalik I. Khalafalla ◽  
Xiaoyan Lu ◽  
Abdullah I.A. Al-Mubarak ◽  
Abdul Hafeed S. Dalab ◽  
Khalid A.S. Al-Busadah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals THE PROTECTION AFFORDED BY VACCINATION AGAINST SECONDARY INVADERS DURING COLDS IN INFANCY

1934 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yale Kneeland
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Intensive Course

All intensive course of vaccination with the pathogenic bacteria of the upper respiratory tract modified favorably the winter outbreak of severe respiratory disease in an infant population. The incidence of the common cold was not affected. The significance of these findings is discussed.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN MIKROBIOLOGI ISPA (INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN ATAS) DI SEKELOMPOK JAMAAH HAJI SURABAYA TAHUN 2004

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Prihatini Prihatini
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Streptococcus Group ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
The Town

Upper respiratory tract infection usually has been presence on hajj pilgrims after they spent at the holy Mecca. They are known by long duration cough until they were come home. The pilgrims have been given health education how to live in Mecca and Medina before they go to Saudi Arabia and had meningitis vaccination as well. The purpose of this study is to know what the cause of the upper respiratory tract infection. If the pathogens have been found, before departure the infected pilgrims have been given antibiotics to prevent the pilgrimage ceremony to be disturbed.. Regarding the infection problems this study will be done, to give information whether the pathogenic that cause URI is from Indonesia or Saudi Arabia. About 118 people partially from Surabaya’s pilgrims were divided into 1st and 2nd groups (53 and 65 persons). Each group have been examined their pharyngeal swab before the departure to Mecca and after arrival in Surabaya. The samples were kept in transport media, than sent to the Clinical Pathologic Laboratory at Dr Soetomo Hospital. The swab samples were isolated and identificated after the cultivation in the incubator at the laboratory. From the118 pilgrims, only 95 persons completed the laboratory examination before the departure to Mekah and after they arrived in Surabaya. It is found before departure 5 person (5%) contaminated by pathogenic microorganism, four from K. pneumoniae and one A betahemolytic Streptococcus group. After their arrival about 97% have normal flora, but two of them contaminated by Gamma Streptococcus regarding to these results it is concluded that URI may cause by the environment, difference of weather or viral infection origin Because in the town at Saudi Arabia the pilgrim lived together with other peoples which came from various countries of the world.

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