scholarly journals Microwave Digestion of Hazardous Waste Sludge in Geothermal Hot Waters by Char/Fly Ash Granule Composts-Hazardous Sludges and Industrial Waste Water Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yıldırım İsmail Tosun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Copper Refinery ◽  
North Lake

Most of the previous were regarding characteristics of sludge from urban/municipal activities concerning environmental issues on industrial sludge discharges causing fatal disasters in the lakes and water streams. The washing treatment of mud was searched. This research study concentrated over oxidative heavy metal dissolution and sterilization washing of muddy sludge of chemical, steel and copper refinery plants. The hazardous Hg and Pd contents using washing dissolution provided recovery of metals and treated sludge as the feedstock for digestion process. The research used hazardous sludge which is the by-product of the heat treated steel manufacturing process of CN baths and sludge from pulp washing industries. However, there is a sterilization washing by microwave radiation was reported on various sludge metal contamination characteristics in wastewater treatment stage. The results of a limited number of bench-scale sludge washing experiments conducted in the tube reactor study confirmed high radiation trends for washing dissolution with H2O2 in soil samples obtained from different locations in the north lake area of discharge of at the Plant Site. In general the contaminants in waste pond soils partitioned preferentially to the fine fraction of the soil (<150 μm however, the sand fraction (−0,5 mm + 150 μm) still contained significant contamination. These tests also showed that the heavy metal contaminants were highly dissolved at 45–76% in the wash water, which will reduce washing toxicity and improve metal recovers.

The Design and Construction of the “Houtrust” Waste Water Treatment Plant in the Hague

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Sinke
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Hague

Until a century ago, The Hague's waste water was discharged directly into the city's canals. However, the obnoxious smell and resultant pollution of local waters and beaches then necessitated the implementation of a policy of collecting and transferring waste water by means of a system of sewers. By 1937, it was being discharged, via a 400 metre-long sea outfall, directly into the North Sea. By 1967, however, the increasing volume of waste water being generated by The Hague and the surrounding conurbations called for the construction of a primary sedimentation plant. This had two sea outfalls, one 2.5 km long and the other 10 km long, the former for discharging pre-settled waste water and the latter for discharging sludge directly into the North Sea. This “separation plant” was enlarged during the period 1986-1990. On account of the little available area - only 4.1 ha - the plant had to be enlarged in two stages by constructing a biological treatment section and a sludge treatment section with a capacity of 1,700,000 p.e. (at 136 gr O2/p.e./day). In order to gain additional space, a number of special measures were introduced, including aerating gas containing 90% oxygen and stacked final clarifiers. Following completion of the sludge treatment section, it has become possible, since 1st May 1990, to dump digested sludge into a large reservoir (“The Slufter”), specially constructed to accommodate polluted mud dredged from the Rotterdam harbours and waterways. As a result of these measures, there has been a reduction of between 70% and 95% in North Sea pollution arising from the “Houtrust” waste water treatment plant. Related investment totalled Dfl. 200 million and annual operating and maintenance costs (including investment charges) will amount to Dfl. 30 million. Further measures will have to be taken in the future to reduce the discharge of phosphorus and nitrogen. So this enlargement is not the end. There will be continued extension of the purification operations of the “Houtrust” waste water treatment plant.

Integrated waste water management for a small river basin - a case study

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
R. Fenz ◽  
M. Zessner ◽  
N. Kreuzinger ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
The North ◽  
Waste Water Management

In Austria approximately 70% of the population is connected to sewerage and to biological waste water treatment plants. Whereas the urban areas are already provided with these facilities to a very high extent, effort is still needed in rural areas to meet the requirements of the Austrian legislation. The way, this task should be solved has provoked much controversy. It is mainly the question, whether centralised or decentralised sewage disposal systems are preferable from the ecological and economical point of view, that became a political issue during the last 5 years. The Institute for Water Quality and Waste Management was asked to elaborate a waste water management concept for the Lainsitz River Basin, a mainly rural area in the north of Austria discharging to the Elbe river. Both ecological and economical aspects should be considered. This paper presents the methodology that was applied and the criteria which were decisive for the selection of the final solution.

Lake and inland dunes as interconnected Systems: The story of Lake Tresssee and an adjacent dune field (Schleswig-Holstein, North Germany)

The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 095968362098168
Author(s):  
Christian Stolz ◽  
Magdalena Suchora ◽  
Irena A Pidek ◽  
Alexander Fülling
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
High Water ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Dune Field ◽  
The North ◽  
Sand Drift

The specific aim of the study was to investigate how four adjacent geomorphological systems – a lake, a dune field, a small alluvial fan and a slope system – responded to the same impacts. Lake Tresssee is a shallow lake in the North of Germany (Schleswig-Holstein). During the Holocene, the lake’s water surface declined drastically, predominately as a consequence of human impact. The adjacent inland dune field shows several traces of former sand drift events. Using 30 new radiocarbon ages and the results of 16 OSL samples, this study aims to create a new timeline tracing the interaction between lake and dunes, as well, as how both the lake and the dunes reacted to environmental changes. The water level of the lake is presumed to have peaked during the period before the Younger Dryas (YD; start at 10.73 ka BC). After the Boreal period (OSL age 8050 ± 690 BC) the level must have undergone fluctuations triggered by climatic events and the first human influences. The last demonstrable high water level was during the Late Bronze Age (1003–844 cal. BC). The first to the 9th century AD saw slightly shrinking water levels, and more significant ones thereafter. In the 19th century, the lake area was artificially reduced to a minimum by the human population. In the dunes, a total of seven different phases of sand drift were demonstrated for the last 13,000 years. It is one of the most precisely dated inland-dune chronologies of Central Europe. The small alluvial fan took shape mainly between the 13th and 17th centuries AD. After 1700 cal. BC (Middle Bronze Age), and again during the sixth and seventh centuries AD, we find enhanced slope activity with the formation of Holocene colluvia.

Correlation between radioactivity levels and heavy metal content in the soils of the North Kosovska Mitrovica environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Gulan ◽  
Biljana Milenkovic ◽  
Jelena M. Stajic ◽  
Biljana Vuckovic ◽  
Dragana Krstic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
The North ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

“Minor” Aquileian Families Between Noricum and Pannonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Leonardo Gregoratti
Keyword(s):  
Lake Area ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryThe paper deals with the presence of North-eastern Italic families in Northern Pannonia. Through a selection of the epigraphic texts based on the information provided by the texts and the chronology, it is possible to investigate the spreading of Italic traders’ families from Italy, Noricum and Emona to the cities on the north tract of the “Amber Route” and the Balaton Lake area.

scholarly journals The Archaeological Evidence of St. Clement of Ohrid’s Activities in the Ohrid Region

Slovene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-178
Author(s):  
Pasko Kuzman
Keyword(s):  
Lake Area ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
The Village ◽  
North And South ◽  
The Church ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Among the activities of St. Clement of Ohrid was the construction of the church and monastery in Ohrid, which was carried out at the end of the 9th century at the location where some Byzantine basilicas had stood previously. As findings of archaeological excavations have shown, St. Clement first built a small triconch church at the location of the ruined basilica. This triconchos was later expanded by the addition of a capacious “pronaos” in inscribed-cross form, where St. Clement was interred. This “pronaos” was characterized by entrances on the north and south sides that were identical to those of the inscribed-cross church that existed near the village of Velcë along the Šušica River (in southern Albania) at the turn of the 9th‒10th century. During the tenure of Archbishop Dmitrios Chomatianos (1216–1236), the “pronaos” was replaced with a new church into which the relics of St. Clement were placed. In the Ottoman period, the Church and Monastery of St. Clement were disassembled to build a mosque. At the very beginning of the 10th century, the triconchal church in the Monastery of St. Clement served as a model for the church in the Monastery of St. Naum, in the southern part of the Ohrid lake area. The groundwork(s) of a further church in a triconchal shape, whose construction can be traced back to the time of St. Clement, has also been discovered at Gorica, near Ohrid. Ruins of yet another triconchal church which also belongs to the period under review can be found near the village of Zlesti, in the Dolna Debarca region, not far from Ohrid. In the vicinity of the village of Izdeglavje, in the Gorna Debarca region, there is also a church whose establishment is related to the activity of St. Clement of Ohrid as well.

Research Progress in Removing Heavy Metals from Waste Water via Bio-Sorption

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Sorption Method

Bio-absorption has an unparalleled advantage over other traditional methods in removing and recycling heavy metal ions from waste water. Consequently, it has a promising future. In this paper, the traditional methods and the bio-sorption method via which heavy metals are removed from waste water are compared to summarize the mechanism of bio-sorption, the types of bio-sorbent, the factors that can influence bio-sorption and the state of its application in waste water treatment .

Fluxes and Sources of Heavy Metal Inputs into the Southern Bight of the North Sea

1992 ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
R. Van Grieken ◽  
J. Injuk ◽  
P. Otten ◽  
C. Rojas ◽  
H. Van Malderen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Southern Bight ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

North Lake Shore Drive

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-217
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Kearney ◽  
Thomas W. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Private Landowners ◽  
Lake Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
North Lake ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lincoln Park

This chapter focuses on the growing conception of the lakefront as an environmental amenity and the completion of Lake Shore Drive and associated parks. The chapter traces the construction north from the original Lincoln Park to Hollywood Avenue. It argues that the emerging clarification of ownership following the title to the bed of Lake Michigan set off a series of seismic disturbances along the lakeshore and laid the groundwork, legally speaking, for the construction of north Lake Shore Drive. The chapter examines the riparian rights of the private landowners farther north along Lake Michigan's shore. It illustrates how the Lincoln Park Commission (LPC) devised two methods for acquiring the riparian rights of landowners in order to extend Lincoln Park to the north. The chapter also introduces Edward O. Brown, a creative lawyer working for the LPC in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, who conceived and advanced the ideas about the boundary-line mechanism and the judicial elimination of any right to wharf out in Lake Michigan. The chapter examines how Brown's skillful manipulation of the courts to eliminate the right to wharf out turned out to be a good thing.

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